Coronaviruses can cause respiratory illness in humans. COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and spreads mainly between people in close contact through respiratory droplets. Symptoms vary from person to person but commonly include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Complications can include pneumonia, respiratory failure, and multi-system inflammatory syndrome. Prevention measures include vaccination, masks, distancing, handwashing, and quarantining when sick.
A brief on Corona Virus, signs and symptoms and its management, virus, incubation period, medicines, treatment, mortality and severity with proper references.
This document provides information about COVID-19, including what it is, its symptoms, how it spreads, testing and diagnosis, prevention methods, and preparation tips. Some key points:
- COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and can range from mild to deadly. It spreads mainly through respiratory droplets from infected people.
- Common symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Loss of taste and smell has also been reported.
- Testing involves nasal or throat swabs to detect the presence of the virus. Prevention focuses on vaccination, hand washing, social distancing and face coverings.
Hello, this presentation is put together to gain general insight about the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) spread across the globe with graphical images, texts and information.
A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. Most coronaviruses aren't dangerous.
In early 2020, after a December 2019 outbreak in China, the World Health Organization identified SARS-CoV-2 as a new type of coronavirus. The outbreak quickly spread around the world.
The document discusses COVID-19 (coronavirus), including what it is, how it spreads, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus which likely originated in bats and was transmitted to humans in China in late 2019. It spreads mainly through respiratory droplets when people cough, sneeze or talk. Common symptoms include fever, cough and tiredness. Older people and those with underlying conditions are at higher risk. Diagnosis involves PCR or antibody tests. Treatment focuses on relief of symptoms and hospitalization if severe. Prevention emphasizes masks, distancing, handwashing and vaccination.
The document discusses common flu, COVID-19, their symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It defines seasonal influenza and its types (A, B, C and D). Signs of flu include fever, aches, cough while COVID-19 may cause fever, cough and breathing difficulties. Both can be diagnosed through tests like RT-PCR. Treatment includes rest, fluids and medications like Tamiflu for flu and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for COVID-19.
Corona virus ppt for 12 classPeople also ask
What is the description of the coronavirus structure?
The coronavirus particles are organized with long RNA polymers tightly packed into the center of the particle, and surrounded by a protective capsid, which is a lattice of repeated protein molecules referred to as coat or capsid proteins. In coronavirus, these proteins are called nucleocapsid (N). Tell readers who you are and what you do.
Reveal a glimpse of your personality.
Encourage readers to find out more.
A brief on Corona Virus, signs and symptoms and its management, virus, incubation period, medicines, treatment, mortality and severity with proper references.
This document provides information about COVID-19, including what it is, its symptoms, how it spreads, testing and diagnosis, prevention methods, and preparation tips. Some key points:
- COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and can range from mild to deadly. It spreads mainly through respiratory droplets from infected people.
- Common symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Loss of taste and smell has also been reported.
- Testing involves nasal or throat swabs to detect the presence of the virus. Prevention focuses on vaccination, hand washing, social distancing and face coverings.
Hello, this presentation is put together to gain general insight about the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) spread across the globe with graphical images, texts and information.
A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. Most coronaviruses aren't dangerous.
In early 2020, after a December 2019 outbreak in China, the World Health Organization identified SARS-CoV-2 as a new type of coronavirus. The outbreak quickly spread around the world.
The document discusses COVID-19 (coronavirus), including what it is, how it spreads, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus which likely originated in bats and was transmitted to humans in China in late 2019. It spreads mainly through respiratory droplets when people cough, sneeze or talk. Common symptoms include fever, cough and tiredness. Older people and those with underlying conditions are at higher risk. Diagnosis involves PCR or antibody tests. Treatment focuses on relief of symptoms and hospitalization if severe. Prevention emphasizes masks, distancing, handwashing and vaccination.
The document discusses common flu, COVID-19, their symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It defines seasonal influenza and its types (A, B, C and D). Signs of flu include fever, aches, cough while COVID-19 may cause fever, cough and breathing difficulties. Both can be diagnosed through tests like RT-PCR. Treatment includes rest, fluids and medications like Tamiflu for flu and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for COVID-19.
Corona virus ppt for 12 classPeople also ask
What is the description of the coronavirus structure?
The coronavirus particles are organized with long RNA polymers tightly packed into the center of the particle, and surrounded by a protective capsid, which is a lattice of repeated protein molecules referred to as coat or capsid proteins. In coronavirus, these proteins are called nucleocapsid (N). Tell readers who you are and what you do.
Reveal a glimpse of your personality.
Encourage readers to find out more.
The document provides information about Coronavirus and COVID-19. It discusses that Coronaviruses originated from animal sources like bats and were first reported in China in 2019. The virus has since spread globally and was declared a public health emergency. Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses that cause respiratory illness. COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and spreads through respiratory droplets. It mainly affects the lungs and common symptoms include cough, fever and difficulty breathing.
Coronaviruses can cause illness in humans ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases like MERS and SARS. COVID-19 is the most recently discovered coronavirus that causes respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough and tiredness in most people. While most cases are mild, around 20% of cases develop serious breathing difficulties and are at higher risk of severe illness. Herbal treatments may help prevent and treat COVID-19 by strengthening immunity, using as antiviral coatings, disinfecting air, and sanitizing surfaces.
This document provides information for nursing professionals on COVID-19 in post-acute care facilities. It discusses the origin and spread of the virus, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It emphasizes the importance of infection control through proper hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, monitoring residents, adjusting visitor policies, and encouraging employee responsibility. Key recommendations include limiting how many germs enter the facility, isolating symptomatic residents, and protecting healthcare workers through appropriate use of PPE.
This document summarizes information about COVID-19 for nursing professionals working in post-acute care facilities. It discusses the origin and spread of the virus, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It emphasizes the importance of strict infection control practices, including excellent hand hygiene, monitoring residents for symptoms, and providing appropriate personal protective equipment for healthcare workers. Healthcare workers are urged to take action to reduce transmission rates and prevent overwhelming local healthcare systems.
This document provides information for nursing professionals on COVID-19 in post-acute care facilities. It discusses the origin and spread of the virus, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It emphasizes the importance of infection control through hygiene, monitoring residents, appropriate use of PPE, encouraging employee responsibility and adjusting visitor policies. Key recommendations include limiting how germs enter the facility, isolating symptomatic residents, and protecting staff through proper PPE use.
Emphasis on wellness, education and prevention of covid 19shamil C.B
The document discusses COVID-19 and provides information on the virus, its transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It describes coronaviruses and defines COVID-19. It covers the incidence and spread of COVID-19 globally. Key points include how the virus is transmitted, its incubation period, high-risk groups, common and severe symptoms, diagnostic tests and medical management. The presentation emphasizes the importance of prevention measures like hand washing, social distancing and mask wearing.
all details explain about corona virus
corona virus slide
covid19 pandemic
epidemiology
pathogenesis
oral pathology
medicine
history
introduction
outbreak
prevent
drugs
test
steps taken by govt
Covid Pathophysiology and clinical featuresNaveen Kumar
The document summarizes the pathophysiology of COVID-19. It discusses that SARS-CoV-2 enters cells through the ACE2 receptor and causes a cytokine storm. This can lead to organ damage and failure. Symptoms range from mild to severe and include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Those at highest risk are the elderly, immunocompromised, and those with pre-existing conditions like heart or lung disease. The clinical severity is classified as mild, moderate or severe based on symptoms and oxygen levels.
This document provides guidance on the care of patients with COVID-19. It defines COVID-19 and outlines the objectives of reviewing its history, case definition, clinical manifestations, diagnostic testing, medical management, prevention, and nursing care. It describes the virus's structure and history. Key points include its identification in China in late 2019, its declaration as a global pandemic by WHO in March 2020, and its spread to over 160 countries. Clinical features range from mild illness to pneumonia, ARDS, and septic shock. Diagnostic testing includes PCR from respiratory samples and serology. Management involves symptomatic care, oxygen therapy, treatment of coinfections, ventilation for respiratory failure, and treating septic shock.
This document provides an overview of the diagnosis and management of the 2019 novel coronavirus. It begins with background on coronaviruses in general and then focuses on the 2019-nCoV. It describes the clinical presentation of the infection, from uncomplicated illness to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and sepsis. It discusses diagnostic tests and recommendations for supportive care, oxygen therapy, fluid management, antimicrobial use, and monitoring for clinical deterioration. Guidelines are provided for management of hypoxemic respiratory failure, ARDS, septic shock, mechanical ventilation strategies, and ICU complications prevention. Currently no specific anti-coronavirus treatments exist but several clinical trials are underway to evaluate potential antiviral drugs.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) - Symptoms and causesAshish Singla
Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause illnesses such as the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
Everything we need to know about COVID-19PrincessExtra
These slides is uploaded for information and as a partial requirement of Philippine Women's University in Master of Nursing (MAN); Subject: Nursing Practicum
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. It spreads mainly person to person and symptoms range from mild to severe illness which can lead to death. The document discusses COVID-19's structure, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Key facts provided include that only those sick or caring for the sick need masks; the virus is not human-made; and older individuals and those with pre-existing conditions are more vulnerable to severe illness.
This presentation discusses COVID-19. It covers etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, clinical management and treatment of COVID-19. It also discusses the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy,how it manifests and how it is diagnosed and how it is managed. Hope this will help you.
Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that can cause illnesses in mammals and birds. COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus which was first identified in Wuhan, China in 2019. Common symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath. It spreads mainly person to person via respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. While most people experience mild symptoms, the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions are at higher risk. Prevention focuses on hand washing, physical distancing and wearing masks. There are currently no approved treatments, but many trials are underway to develop vaccines and therapeutics.
Relationship between SARS CoV, MERS CoV and COVID19.SumitSingh1135
The document discusses the phylogenetic relationship between SARS CoV1, MERS CoV, and SARS CoV2 based on their spike proteins. It provides information on coronaviruses in general and describes the three virus types - SARS CoV, MERS CoV, and SARS CoV2. For each virus type, it discusses symptoms, transmission, prevention, and their respective spike protein sequences. It also briefly discusses COVID-19 vaccines such as Covaxin, Pfizer, and Moderna.
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases. They get their name from their crown-like shape and were first identified in the 1960s. Most coronaviruses spread through infected people coughing and sneezing or by touching infected surfaces. Symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath and can range from mild to serious, potentially leading to pneumonia or respiratory failure. While most coronaviruses are not dangerous, a new coronavirus strain emerged in 2019 that caused a global pandemic.
Review on strategies to counteract sars cov-2 by anti-inflammatory and anti-o...sagapolarajini
Therefore, exploring the repurposing of natural compounds may provide alternatives against COVID19. Several nutraceuticals have a proven ability of immune- boosting, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects. These include Zn, vitamin D, vitamin C, curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, probiotics,
selenium, lactoferrin, quercetin, etc. Grouping some of these phytonutrients in the right combination
in the form of a food supplement may help to boost the immune system, prevent virus spread, preclude the disease progression to severe stage, and further suppress the hyperinflammation providing both
prophylactic and therapeutic support against COVID-19
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
The document provides information about Coronavirus and COVID-19. It discusses that Coronaviruses originated from animal sources like bats and were first reported in China in 2019. The virus has since spread globally and was declared a public health emergency. Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses that cause respiratory illness. COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and spreads through respiratory droplets. It mainly affects the lungs and common symptoms include cough, fever and difficulty breathing.
Coronaviruses can cause illness in humans ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases like MERS and SARS. COVID-19 is the most recently discovered coronavirus that causes respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough and tiredness in most people. While most cases are mild, around 20% of cases develop serious breathing difficulties and are at higher risk of severe illness. Herbal treatments may help prevent and treat COVID-19 by strengthening immunity, using as antiviral coatings, disinfecting air, and sanitizing surfaces.
This document provides information for nursing professionals on COVID-19 in post-acute care facilities. It discusses the origin and spread of the virus, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It emphasizes the importance of infection control through proper hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, monitoring residents, adjusting visitor policies, and encouraging employee responsibility. Key recommendations include limiting how many germs enter the facility, isolating symptomatic residents, and protecting healthcare workers through appropriate use of PPE.
This document summarizes information about COVID-19 for nursing professionals working in post-acute care facilities. It discusses the origin and spread of the virus, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It emphasizes the importance of strict infection control practices, including excellent hand hygiene, monitoring residents for symptoms, and providing appropriate personal protective equipment for healthcare workers. Healthcare workers are urged to take action to reduce transmission rates and prevent overwhelming local healthcare systems.
This document provides information for nursing professionals on COVID-19 in post-acute care facilities. It discusses the origin and spread of the virus, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It emphasizes the importance of infection control through hygiene, monitoring residents, appropriate use of PPE, encouraging employee responsibility and adjusting visitor policies. Key recommendations include limiting how germs enter the facility, isolating symptomatic residents, and protecting staff through proper PPE use.
Emphasis on wellness, education and prevention of covid 19shamil C.B
The document discusses COVID-19 and provides information on the virus, its transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It describes coronaviruses and defines COVID-19. It covers the incidence and spread of COVID-19 globally. Key points include how the virus is transmitted, its incubation period, high-risk groups, common and severe symptoms, diagnostic tests and medical management. The presentation emphasizes the importance of prevention measures like hand washing, social distancing and mask wearing.
all details explain about corona virus
corona virus slide
covid19 pandemic
epidemiology
pathogenesis
oral pathology
medicine
history
introduction
outbreak
prevent
drugs
test
steps taken by govt
Covid Pathophysiology and clinical featuresNaveen Kumar
The document summarizes the pathophysiology of COVID-19. It discusses that SARS-CoV-2 enters cells through the ACE2 receptor and causes a cytokine storm. This can lead to organ damage and failure. Symptoms range from mild to severe and include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Those at highest risk are the elderly, immunocompromised, and those with pre-existing conditions like heart or lung disease. The clinical severity is classified as mild, moderate or severe based on symptoms and oxygen levels.
This document provides guidance on the care of patients with COVID-19. It defines COVID-19 and outlines the objectives of reviewing its history, case definition, clinical manifestations, diagnostic testing, medical management, prevention, and nursing care. It describes the virus's structure and history. Key points include its identification in China in late 2019, its declaration as a global pandemic by WHO in March 2020, and its spread to over 160 countries. Clinical features range from mild illness to pneumonia, ARDS, and septic shock. Diagnostic testing includes PCR from respiratory samples and serology. Management involves symptomatic care, oxygen therapy, treatment of coinfections, ventilation for respiratory failure, and treating septic shock.
This document provides an overview of the diagnosis and management of the 2019 novel coronavirus. It begins with background on coronaviruses in general and then focuses on the 2019-nCoV. It describes the clinical presentation of the infection, from uncomplicated illness to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and sepsis. It discusses diagnostic tests and recommendations for supportive care, oxygen therapy, fluid management, antimicrobial use, and monitoring for clinical deterioration. Guidelines are provided for management of hypoxemic respiratory failure, ARDS, septic shock, mechanical ventilation strategies, and ICU complications prevention. Currently no specific anti-coronavirus treatments exist but several clinical trials are underway to evaluate potential antiviral drugs.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) - Symptoms and causesAshish Singla
Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause illnesses such as the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
Everything we need to know about COVID-19PrincessExtra
These slides is uploaded for information and as a partial requirement of Philippine Women's University in Master of Nursing (MAN); Subject: Nursing Practicum
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. It spreads mainly person to person and symptoms range from mild to severe illness which can lead to death. The document discusses COVID-19's structure, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Key facts provided include that only those sick or caring for the sick need masks; the virus is not human-made; and older individuals and those with pre-existing conditions are more vulnerable to severe illness.
This presentation discusses COVID-19. It covers etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, clinical management and treatment of COVID-19. It also discusses the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy,how it manifests and how it is diagnosed and how it is managed. Hope this will help you.
Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that can cause illnesses in mammals and birds. COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus which was first identified in Wuhan, China in 2019. Common symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath. It spreads mainly person to person via respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. While most people experience mild symptoms, the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions are at higher risk. Prevention focuses on hand washing, physical distancing and wearing masks. There are currently no approved treatments, but many trials are underway to develop vaccines and therapeutics.
Relationship between SARS CoV, MERS CoV and COVID19.SumitSingh1135
The document discusses the phylogenetic relationship between SARS CoV1, MERS CoV, and SARS CoV2 based on their spike proteins. It provides information on coronaviruses in general and describes the three virus types - SARS CoV, MERS CoV, and SARS CoV2. For each virus type, it discusses symptoms, transmission, prevention, and their respective spike protein sequences. It also briefly discusses COVID-19 vaccines such as Covaxin, Pfizer, and Moderna.
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases. They get their name from their crown-like shape and were first identified in the 1960s. Most coronaviruses spread through infected people coughing and sneezing or by touching infected surfaces. Symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath and can range from mild to serious, potentially leading to pneumonia or respiratory failure. While most coronaviruses are not dangerous, a new coronavirus strain emerged in 2019 that caused a global pandemic.
Review on strategies to counteract sars cov-2 by anti-inflammatory and anti-o...sagapolarajini
Therefore, exploring the repurposing of natural compounds may provide alternatives against COVID19. Several nutraceuticals have a proven ability of immune- boosting, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects. These include Zn, vitamin D, vitamin C, curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, probiotics,
selenium, lactoferrin, quercetin, etc. Grouping some of these phytonutrients in the right combination
in the form of a food supplement may help to boost the immune system, prevent virus spread, preclude the disease progression to severe stage, and further suppress the hyperinflammation providing both
prophylactic and therapeutic support against COVID-19
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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1. What is Coronavirus?
Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause respiratory illness in humans. They are called
“corona” because of crown-like spikes on the surface of the virus
CAUSES
COVID-19 is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Cov-2 Virus abbreviated as SARS-CoV-2
virus.
SYMPTOMS
COVID-19 symptoms vary from person to person. In fact, some infected people don’t develop any
symptoms (asymptomatic). In general, people with COVID-19 report some of the following symptoms:
Fever or chills.
Cough.
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
Tiredness.
Muscle or body aches.
Headaches.
New loss of taste or smell.
Sore throat.
Congestion or runny nose.
Nausea or vomiting.
Diarrhea.
Additional symptoms are possible
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
Current evidence suggests that the virus spreads mainly between people who are in close contact with
each other, for example at a conversational distance.
The virus can spread from an infected person’s mouth or nose in small liquid particles when they:
cough, sneeze or breathe.
2. Another person can then contract the virus when infectious particles that pass through the air are
inhaled at short range (this is often called short-range aerosol or short-range airborne transmission).
When infectious particles come into direct contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth.
The virus can also spread in poorly ventilated and/or crowded indoor settings, where people tend to
spend longer periods of time.
When you touch surfaces that someone who has the virus has coughed or sneezed on. You may touch a
counter top or doorknob that is contaminated and then touch your nose, mouth, or eyes.
COMPLICATIONS
Complications of COVID-19 may include the following;
Acute Respiratory Failure: Lungs' failure to pump enough oxygen
Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Damage to the lungs causing fluids to leak into them
Acute Liver Injury: Sudden injury to the liver.
Heart problems such as heart failure.
Acute Kidney Injury
Septic Shock( sepsis): Released chemicals into the bloodstream to fight illness do not trigger the right
response resulting into damage to certain organs.
DIC( Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation): Failure of the body’s clotting response resulting into
abnormal clot formation leading to internal bleeding or organ failure.
Mult-system Inflammatory Syndrome in Children( MIS-C)
Chronic Fatigue: includes severe symptoms such as brain fog, dizziness, trouble thinking, pain and
severe fatigue
Treatment
Treatments for COVID-19 vary depending on the severity of your symptoms. If you’re not in the hospital
or don’t need supplemental oxygen, no specific antiviral or immunotherapy is recommended.
Depending on the severity of your COVID symptoms, you may need:
Supplemental oxygen (given through tubing inserted into your nostrils).
Some people may benefit from an infusion of monoclonal antibodies.
3. Antiviral medications may reduce the risk of hospitalization and death in certain patients with COVID-19.
Mechanical ventilation (oxygen through a tube inserted down your trachea). You are given medications
to keep you comfortable and sleepy as long as you’re receiving oxygen through a ventilator.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). You continue to receive treatment while a machine
pumps your blood outside your body. It takes over the function of your body’s lungs and heart.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
The distinguishing of a disease or condition from others presenting with similar signs and symptoms.
Community-acquired pneumonia
Differentiating COVID-19 from community-acquired bacterial pneumonia is not usually possible from
signs and symptoms. However, patients with bacterial pneumonia are more likely to have rapid
development of symptoms and purulent sputum. They are less likely to have myalgia, anosmia, or
pleuritic pain
Influenza infection
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
Differentiating COVID-19 from community-acquired respiratory tract infections is not possible from signs
and symptoms. However, fever is less common with influenza. Rhinorrhea, sore throat, myalgia,
headache, and dyspnea are more common.[644][645] New-onset smell and/or taste disorders were less
common in a case-control study.[646]
More common in children.[647] Children with COVID-19 tend to be older, and are more likely to have
comorbidities, fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, and chest pain compared with those with
influenza.
Coinfection is possible, but is not significantly associated with mortality.[649] Coinfection is higher in
children and critically ill patients.[650]
Only testing can distinguish between influenza infection and COVID-19 and identify coinfection..
Differentiating COVID-19 from community-acquired respiratory tract infections is not possible from signs
and symptoms. However, fever is less common with the common cold, and headache, rhinorrhea,
myalgia, and sore throat are more common. Patients may have a greater number of general
symptoms.[645]
INVESTIGATIONS
4. RT-PCR: positive for causative organism; negative for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA (coinfections are possible).
Pulmonary tuberculosis
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
Consider diagnosis in endemic areas, especially in patients who are immunocompromised.
History of symptoms is usually longer.
Presence of night sweats and weight loss may help to differentiate.
INVESTIGATIONS
Chest x-ray: fibronodular opacities in upper lobes with or without cavitation; atypical pattern includes
opacities in middle or lower lobes, or hilar or paratracheal lymphadenopathy, and/or pleural effusion.
Sputum acid-fast bacilli smear and sputum culture: positive.
Molecular testing: positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
Travel history to the Middle East or contact with a confirmed case of MERS.
Differentiating COVID-19 from MERS is not possible from signs and symptoms. However, the clinical
course of MERS is usually more severe and the case fatality rate is higher.
INVESTIGATIONS
Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR): positive for MERS-CoV viral RNA.
Other viral or bacterial respiratory infections
5. SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
Differentiating COVID-19 from community-acquired respiratory tract infections is not possible from signs
and symptoms.
Adenovirus and Mycoplasma should be considered in clusters of pneumonia patients, especially in
closed settings such as military camps and schools.
INVESTIGATIONS
Blood or sputum culture of molecular testing: positive for causative organism.
RT-PCR: negative for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA (coinfections are possible
PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES
Getting tested for COVID-19 infection.
Getting vaccinated
Wear a multilayered cloth facemask that fits snugly on your face and covers your mouth, nose and chin
as recommended by the CDC.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth to prevent the spread of viruses from your hands.
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when sneezing and coughing or sneeze and cough into your
sleeve. Throw the tissue in the trash. Wash your hands afterward. Never cough or sneeze into your
hands!
Avoid close contact (within 6 feet) with those who have coughs, colds or are sick. Stay home if you’re
sick.
If you’re prone to sickness or have a weakened immune system, stay away from large crowds of people. .
6. Clean frequently used surfaces (such as doorknobs, phones, remote control and countertops) with a
virus-killing disinfectant.
Don't share personal items like dishes, utensils, and towels.
Use hand sanitizers that contain at least 60% alcohol if soap and water are not available.
Greet people with a friendly gesture instead of shaking hands.
Get enough sleep, eat a healthy diet, drink plenty of liquids and exercise if you are able. These steps will
strengthen your immune system and help you fight off infections more easily.
Quarantine and work from home.
REFERENCES
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Updates and Shortens Recommended Isolation and
Quarantine Period for the General Population (https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s1227-
isolation-quarantine-guidance.html). Accessed 3/1/2022.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID-19 (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-
ncov/index.html). Accessed 3/1/2022.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID Data Tracker. (https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-
tracker/?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fcases-
updates%2Fcases-in-us.html#cases_casesper100klast7days) Accessed 3/1/2022.
Infectious Disease Society of America. COVID-19 (https://www.idsociety.org/). Accessed 3/1/2022.
Mallapaty S. COVID reinfections surge during Omicron onslaught
(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35173320/). Nature. 2022 Feb 26. (Online ahead of print). Accessed
3/1/2022.
National Health Service (UK). How to look after yourself at home if you have coronavirus
(https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/self-isolation-and-treatment/how-to-treat-
symptoms-at-home/). Accessed 3/1/2022.
National Institutes of Health. COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines
(https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/). Accessed 3/1/2022.
Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine; Heneghan C, Pluddemann A, Mahtani KR. Differentiating viral from
bacterial pneumonia. Apr 2020 [internet publication].
World Health Organization. Coronavirus (https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus). Accessed
3/1/2022.