The document discusses country similarity theory, which was developed by Swedish economist Steffan Linder. According to Linder, intra-industry trade occurs between countries with similar levels of economic development because they have similar consumer preferences. The theory suggests that companies first develop new products for their domestic market and then export those products to countries at a similar economic level once domestic demand is met. Location, culture, and political/economic interests can also influence trade between countries with similarities in these areas.

1. Soumya ranjan sahoo
UPG 16MFM 036

2. Country similarity theory was developed by a Swedish economist named Steffan
Linder.
This theory suggests that intra-industry trade takes place between the countries
with similar levels of development.
According this theory, the companies that develop new products for the
domestic market, export the products to those countries that are at similar level
of development after meeting the needs of the domestic market.
According to Linder, the similarities in consumer preferences in the countries that
are at the same economic development provide the scope for intra-industry
trade among countries. example India and China

3. Basis for trade among countries
Similarity of location
Cultural similarity
similarity of political and economic interests

4. SIMILARITY OF LOCATION:
Countries prefer to export to the neighbouring countries in order to have the
advantages of less transportation cost. For example, Finland is a major
exporter to Russia due to less transportation costs.
CUTLURAL SIMILARITIES:
Countries prefer to export to those countries having similar culture. For
example, exports and imports among European countries, between USA and
Canada, among the Asian countries, and among the Islamic countries.

5.  SIMILARITY OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC INTERESTS:
Similar political interests close political relations and economic
interests enable the countries to enter into agreements for exports
and imports. Countries prefer to trade with their politically friendly
countries. For example, India used to export to the former USSR. The
enemity of the USA with Cuba resulted in the USA importing of sugar from
Mexico by abandoning sugar import from Cuba.

6. CONCLUSION
 Steffan Linder believed that international trade of manufactured goods
occurred between countries at the same stage of economic development that
shared the same consumer preferences. Therefore the country similarity
theory consists of the value that most trade in manufactured goods should be
between nations with similar per capita income, and that intra industry trade
in manufactured goods should be common.

7. THANK you