Some snakes in Tennessee, such as cottonmouths, are venomous while others like water snakes and hognose snakes are harmless. These harmless snakes are often mistakenly killed under the assumption that they are cottonmouths. This document provides information to help identify cottonmouths and distinguish them from look-alike water snakes and hognose snakes through differences in behaviors, habitats, physical features including swimming style, tail vibration, scale patterns, and more. Being able to correctly identify these snakes can prevent the unnecessary killing of harmless snakes.
This document provides an overview of many marine species, organized into categories. It begins by introducing cartilaginous fish such as sharks, rays, and chimaeras, describing sandtigers, blacktips, cownose rays, and southern stingrays. It then covers bony reef fish like surgeonfish, angelfish, triggerfish, squirrelfish, and jawfish. Other sections discuss discus fish, snappers, groupers, butterflyfish, parrotfish, and damselfishes. Further categories include marine mammals like whales and seals, aquatic birds, sea turtles, and marine iguanas. In closing, it briefly mentions other ocean species such as octopuses, fish, and tuna
The document discusses various amphibian species that use vernal pools for breeding in Ohio, including frogs, toads, and salamanders. It provides details on their breeding behaviors, egg-laying strategies, habitat preferences, and conservation status. Some key points are that wood frogs and spotted salamanders are obligate vernal pool breeders, while American toads and spring peepers are facultative breeders. It also compares egg masses and larval development across different amphibian species that use vernal pools.
- The spotted black grouper is a large fish found in southeast Australia and northern New Zealand that lives in rocky reefs and estuaries. It can grow up to 122 cm long and 34 kg.
- Spotted black groupers change color depending on their mood, appearing dark when territorial and pale with bars when startled. They are fully protected in New Zealand as an endangered species.
- The tuatara is a reptile unique to New Zealand that has been around for over 200 million years. It resembles a lizard but is actually in its own order. Tuatara were once widespread on the mainland but are now only found on 32 offshore islands free from mammals. Efforts are being made to reestabl
This document provides an overview of amphibians including their characteristics, evolution, examples of different types of amphibians like frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. It discusses their anatomy, life cycles, habitats, defenses, diets, and more. Amphibians are defined as animals that develop outside the body, have glandular skin without scales, and can breathe through gills or lungs. They first appeared around 340-270 million years ago.
Would you like to know more about the seacreaturespiyastre
The document provides information about several sea creatures including dolphins, jellyfish, crabs, seals, herring, porpoises, turtles, salmon, mussels, starfish, and mackerel. For each creature, details are given about their physical characteristics, habitat, diet, behavior, and other interesting facts. The document aims to educate readers about the diversity of life in the oceans and seas.
Discover hatch information for the Henry's Fork River. You can learn about nymph behavior, best hatching conditions, fishing techniques and the most popular fly patterns.
The document summarizes the activities of the Matt Holder Environmental Education Fund committee. It discusses that the committee aims to fund student research projects within Thickson's Woods Nature Reserve to develop an inventory of the reserve's biodiversity. It provides updates on projects studying the bats, moths, and butterflies found within the reserve, noting species identified. It encourages submissions of wildlife sightings and requests students interested in conducting environmental studies.
Seals and different shark species are in danger of extinction while many fish are also being killed, which is devastating. Damage to seals and sharks is contributing to their risk of extinction. With conservation efforts we may be able to save whale species from also becoming extinct.
This document provides an overview of many marine species, organized into categories. It begins by introducing cartilaginous fish such as sharks, rays, and chimaeras, describing sandtigers, blacktips, cownose rays, and southern stingrays. It then covers bony reef fish like surgeonfish, angelfish, triggerfish, squirrelfish, and jawfish. Other sections discuss discus fish, snappers, groupers, butterflyfish, parrotfish, and damselfishes. Further categories include marine mammals like whales and seals, aquatic birds, sea turtles, and marine iguanas. In closing, it briefly mentions other ocean species such as octopuses, fish, and tuna
The document discusses various amphibian species that use vernal pools for breeding in Ohio, including frogs, toads, and salamanders. It provides details on their breeding behaviors, egg-laying strategies, habitat preferences, and conservation status. Some key points are that wood frogs and spotted salamanders are obligate vernal pool breeders, while American toads and spring peepers are facultative breeders. It also compares egg masses and larval development across different amphibian species that use vernal pools.
- The spotted black grouper is a large fish found in southeast Australia and northern New Zealand that lives in rocky reefs and estuaries. It can grow up to 122 cm long and 34 kg.
- Spotted black groupers change color depending on their mood, appearing dark when territorial and pale with bars when startled. They are fully protected in New Zealand as an endangered species.
- The tuatara is a reptile unique to New Zealand that has been around for over 200 million years. It resembles a lizard but is actually in its own order. Tuatara were once widespread on the mainland but are now only found on 32 offshore islands free from mammals. Efforts are being made to reestabl
This document provides an overview of amphibians including their characteristics, evolution, examples of different types of amphibians like frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. It discusses their anatomy, life cycles, habitats, defenses, diets, and more. Amphibians are defined as animals that develop outside the body, have glandular skin without scales, and can breathe through gills or lungs. They first appeared around 340-270 million years ago.
Would you like to know more about the seacreaturespiyastre
The document provides information about several sea creatures including dolphins, jellyfish, crabs, seals, herring, porpoises, turtles, salmon, mussels, starfish, and mackerel. For each creature, details are given about their physical characteristics, habitat, diet, behavior, and other interesting facts. The document aims to educate readers about the diversity of life in the oceans and seas.
Discover hatch information for the Henry's Fork River. You can learn about nymph behavior, best hatching conditions, fishing techniques and the most popular fly patterns.
The document summarizes the activities of the Matt Holder Environmental Education Fund committee. It discusses that the committee aims to fund student research projects within Thickson's Woods Nature Reserve to develop an inventory of the reserve's biodiversity. It provides updates on projects studying the bats, moths, and butterflies found within the reserve, noting species identified. It encourages submissions of wildlife sightings and requests students interested in conducting environmental studies.
Seals and different shark species are in danger of extinction while many fish are also being killed, which is devastating. Damage to seals and sharks is contributing to their risk of extinction. With conservation efforts we may be able to save whale species from also becoming extinct.
Crocodiles are large reptiles that live in tropical habitats around the world except Antarctica and Europe. They have thick armor-like scales, a long tail, and webbed feet. Crocodiles are apex predators that help balance ecosystems by eating carcasses. However, they are threatened by habitat loss and overhunting for their hides.
This document provides advice on effective lures for catching catfish. It recommends using a variety of lure types and adjusting lures based on circumstances, as what works one day may not the next. Live bait such as minnows and crayfish are often very effective for catching catfish. The document also discusses using invertebrates like crayfish and mussels as lures, as well as frogs and leopard frogs which can attract catfish when migrating in and out of bodies of water seasonally.
Amphibians are a class of vertebrate animals that live both on land and in water. They have moist skin, four limbs, undergo metamorphosis from an aquatic larval stage to a terrestrial adult stage, and include frogs, salamanders and caecilians. The largest orders are Anura (frogs), Urodela (salamanders), and Gymnophiona (legless caecilians). Amphibians play an important role in ecosystems and some species are used in medical research.
The document provides information about different types of frogs, including where they live, what they eat, and examples of tree frogs and spotted frogs. It notes that tree frogs live in trees in rainforests and have green skin to camouflage with leaves, while spotted frogs live in mud and have brown skin to blend in with mud. Both are types of frogs.
Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection based on observations he made during a 5-year voyage as the naturalist on the HMS Beagle. Some of his most important observations included the diversity of life in South America and the Galapagos Islands, as well as adaptations and differences between similar species on different islands. These observations, combined with his knowledge of selective breeding, led him to propose natural selection as the mechanism of evolution. Natural selection results from overproduction of offspring, competition for limited resources, and inherited variations between individuals that influence survival and reproduction.
This document discusses creating habitat for amphibians and reptiles in small gardens in Western LA County. It provides information on common local amphibians like the Baja California tree frog, including their life cycles, habitat needs, predators, and conservation. The talk emphasizes the worldwide decline of amphibians due to threats like habitat loss and introduced predators. It encourages learning about local amphibians and providing habitat elements in gardens like cover, water sources, and protection from predators like cats.
The Pacific walrus is a semi-aquatic mammal found in Arctic regions. It can grow up to 7-11 feet long and weigh up to 3,700 pounds. Walruses have been historically hunted for their ivory tusks. While populations declined over 20% in the past due to overhunting, their biggest threat is now the loss of Arctic sea ice habitat from climate change. Due to sea ice loss, the USFWS listed the Pacific walrus as threatened in 2011. Continued sea ice loss could severely impact walrus populations unless action is taken to limit human interference and hunting.
Jellyfish are delicate sea animals that use stinging tentacles to catch prey and defend themselves, despite having no brain, eyes, or complex body structure. They have existed since dinosaur times and can be found globally, from oceans to ponds. Different jellyfish species range in size and danger level, with some possessing venom that can kill humans quickly. Jellyfish rely on ocean currents for transportation and use camouflage and stinging defenses to protect themselves while being unable to swim rapidly.
Bottlenose dolphins are highly intelligent marine mammals. They are the most common species of dolphin, inhabiting temperate and tropical oceans. Bottlenose dolphins have streamlined bodies, acute senses like hearing and vision, and communicate using sound. They live in social groups, hunt cooperatively for fish and squid, and give birth after a 12 month gestation period. While bottlenose dolphins face natural predators and threats from human activities like pollution and fishing, they are classified as least concern by the IUCN and protected by several international conservation organizations and laws.
The leatherback sea turtle is the largest sea turtle and can grow up to 7 feet and weigh over 2,000 pounds. It is uniquely adapted to an open ocean lifestyle with a rubbery shell and ability to dive deeper than any other sea turtle. Leatherbacks prefer soft bodied jellyfish and use backward pointing spines in their throat to retain food. While Atlantic leatherback populations may be stable or increasing, Pacific populations are declining due to threats from human activity such as fishing nets, boat strikes, and plastic ingestion. Leatherbacks are currently listed as critically endangered.
The document discusses several different animals including the cobalt blue tarantula, blue-ringed octopus, Christmas beetle, blue tiger butterfly, sea anemone, giant jellyfish, cushion starfish, coconut crab, praying mantis, flatworms, tapeworms, and leeches. It provides details about their physical characteristics, habitats, behaviors, diets, and life cycles.
Turtles are reptiles with a strong shell that protects their inner organs and backbone. They can live on land or in water, breathing air through a process called buccal pumping. Their shells come in different shapes depending on whether they live on land or in water. While most turtle species lay eggs, some turtle genders are determined by temperature during incubation. The alligator snapping turtle is one of the largest turtle species known for its size, spiked shell, and diet of fish and smaller animals.
This document provides an overview of ecosystem relationships and balances in nature. It describes several examples of predator-prey relationships and symbiotic relationships that help regulate populations and maintain ecosystems, such as the relationship between alligators and other marsh animals, honeyguides and ratels, bats and moths, starfish and barnacles/mussels. It also discusses the impacts of invasive species and provides details on the interaction between great white sharks and elephant seals.
Killer whales, or orcas, are the largest members of the dolphin family. They live in close-knit family groups called pods that can range from a few individuals to over 150 orcas. There are two sub-species: transients, which hunt mammals in smaller pods, and residents, which eat fish in larger pods and frequent smaller areas. Orcas communicate through clicks, whistles and touch, and work together strategically to hunt prey. They have a worldwide distribution but prefer cooler waters, and threats include hunting and disturbance from marine parks and fisheries.
The document provides information on the blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus), including its taxonomy, description, distribution, biology, feeding behavior, life history, and interactions with humans. It notes that the blacktip shark is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical coastal waters, preys mainly on fish in schools, and gives birth to 4-7 pups every other year. The species is fished commercially and recreationally across much of its range and has been assessed as Near Threatened by the IUCN due to overfishing.
The document shares underwater photos taken in Indonesia along with descriptions. It includes photos of various sea creatures found in Indonesia such as anemonefish, clown triggerfish, hawksbill turtles, pygmy seahorses, stone beaches, the USS Liberty wreck site, regal angelfish, ornate ghost pipefish, leafy scorpionfish, lionfish, reef squid, cuttlefish, peacock mantis shrimp, ribbon eels, moray eels, whitetip reef sharks, blue-spotted stingrays, and giant Pacific manta rays. Descriptions provide details on characteristics and behaviors of the different species.
Green sea turtles are large sea turtles found in tropical and subtropical oceans around the world. They have a dorsoventrally flattened body and paddle-like flippers adapted for swimming. Adults typically inhabit shallow lagoons and feed on sea grasses. Throughout their life, green sea turtles inhabit different habitats - they lay eggs on beaches, spend their early years in open ocean waters, and mature in coastal areas with sea grass beds. Major threats include hunting, accidental capture in fishing gear, pollution, habitat destruction, and infectious diseases. Conservation efforts include protecting nesting beaches and reducing accidental turtle captures.
Green Darners are one of the largest dragonflies in North America, with bodies over 3 inches long and a wing span of 4.5 inches. They are dimorphic, meaning males and females have different appearances. Red-breasted Mergansers are water birds found in lakes and oceans with long thin bills. They prefer saltwater to freshwater. Black plovers are the largest plover species in North America and are long distance migrants that fly far distances for winter. Candiru fish are found in Brazilian rivers and estuaries and can be dangerous, entering human urethras when people urinate in the water. Hermit crabs need access to the sea to breed and lay eggs.
Turtles have hard shells that protect them from predators and have evolved over millions of years. They live in water and on land in almost every climate around the world. Dolphins are intelligent marine mammals found worldwide in oceans and seas, eating fish and squid. They are known for their playful behavior like leaping out of the water. Sharks have skeletons made of cartilage and multiple rows of replaceable teeth. Their skin helps with movement and camouflage in the water. The Blue Whale is the largest animal known to have lived, reaching over 100 feet long.
The rainbow trout is a fish native to the Pacific coast of North America that has been introduced worldwide for fishing. It lives in both freshwater and saltwater habitats. The trout spawn in gravel beds, laying eggs that are fertilized by the male. Young trout eat insects and algae while adults also eat smaller fish. They have silvery scales with a distinctive pink stripe and can live up to 11 years.
The document discusses rattlesnakes found in California, describing the six native species, their identifying characteristics like triangular heads and rattlers, behavior such as foraging and hibernation, and reproduction through live birth. It also covers rattlesnake bites, first aid, and prevention methods. Recommendations are provided for habitat modification, exclusion, and control methods to discourage rattlesnakes near homes and gardens while protecting the important role they play in the ecosystem.
Frogs from toronto zoo site 13 varitiesJohn Milner
This document provides descriptions of 15 frog and toad species found in Ontario, Canada. For each species, it includes details on physical characteristics, habitat, breeding behaviors, calls, and conservation status. Threatened and endangered species like the Northern Cricket Frog and Fowler's Toad are noted. The document aims to educate readers on the diversity of amphibians in Ontario and some of the challenges they face. Audio clips of each species' call are provided to aid in identification.
Crocodiles are large reptiles that live in tropical habitats around the world except Antarctica and Europe. They have thick armor-like scales, a long tail, and webbed feet. Crocodiles are apex predators that help balance ecosystems by eating carcasses. However, they are threatened by habitat loss and overhunting for their hides.
This document provides advice on effective lures for catching catfish. It recommends using a variety of lure types and adjusting lures based on circumstances, as what works one day may not the next. Live bait such as minnows and crayfish are often very effective for catching catfish. The document also discusses using invertebrates like crayfish and mussels as lures, as well as frogs and leopard frogs which can attract catfish when migrating in and out of bodies of water seasonally.
Amphibians are a class of vertebrate animals that live both on land and in water. They have moist skin, four limbs, undergo metamorphosis from an aquatic larval stage to a terrestrial adult stage, and include frogs, salamanders and caecilians. The largest orders are Anura (frogs), Urodela (salamanders), and Gymnophiona (legless caecilians). Amphibians play an important role in ecosystems and some species are used in medical research.
The document provides information about different types of frogs, including where they live, what they eat, and examples of tree frogs and spotted frogs. It notes that tree frogs live in trees in rainforests and have green skin to camouflage with leaves, while spotted frogs live in mud and have brown skin to blend in with mud. Both are types of frogs.
Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection based on observations he made during a 5-year voyage as the naturalist on the HMS Beagle. Some of his most important observations included the diversity of life in South America and the Galapagos Islands, as well as adaptations and differences between similar species on different islands. These observations, combined with his knowledge of selective breeding, led him to propose natural selection as the mechanism of evolution. Natural selection results from overproduction of offspring, competition for limited resources, and inherited variations between individuals that influence survival and reproduction.
This document discusses creating habitat for amphibians and reptiles in small gardens in Western LA County. It provides information on common local amphibians like the Baja California tree frog, including their life cycles, habitat needs, predators, and conservation. The talk emphasizes the worldwide decline of amphibians due to threats like habitat loss and introduced predators. It encourages learning about local amphibians and providing habitat elements in gardens like cover, water sources, and protection from predators like cats.
The Pacific walrus is a semi-aquatic mammal found in Arctic regions. It can grow up to 7-11 feet long and weigh up to 3,700 pounds. Walruses have been historically hunted for their ivory tusks. While populations declined over 20% in the past due to overhunting, their biggest threat is now the loss of Arctic sea ice habitat from climate change. Due to sea ice loss, the USFWS listed the Pacific walrus as threatened in 2011. Continued sea ice loss could severely impact walrus populations unless action is taken to limit human interference and hunting.
Jellyfish are delicate sea animals that use stinging tentacles to catch prey and defend themselves, despite having no brain, eyes, or complex body structure. They have existed since dinosaur times and can be found globally, from oceans to ponds. Different jellyfish species range in size and danger level, with some possessing venom that can kill humans quickly. Jellyfish rely on ocean currents for transportation and use camouflage and stinging defenses to protect themselves while being unable to swim rapidly.
Bottlenose dolphins are highly intelligent marine mammals. They are the most common species of dolphin, inhabiting temperate and tropical oceans. Bottlenose dolphins have streamlined bodies, acute senses like hearing and vision, and communicate using sound. They live in social groups, hunt cooperatively for fish and squid, and give birth after a 12 month gestation period. While bottlenose dolphins face natural predators and threats from human activities like pollution and fishing, they are classified as least concern by the IUCN and protected by several international conservation organizations and laws.
The leatherback sea turtle is the largest sea turtle and can grow up to 7 feet and weigh over 2,000 pounds. It is uniquely adapted to an open ocean lifestyle with a rubbery shell and ability to dive deeper than any other sea turtle. Leatherbacks prefer soft bodied jellyfish and use backward pointing spines in their throat to retain food. While Atlantic leatherback populations may be stable or increasing, Pacific populations are declining due to threats from human activity such as fishing nets, boat strikes, and plastic ingestion. Leatherbacks are currently listed as critically endangered.
The document discusses several different animals including the cobalt blue tarantula, blue-ringed octopus, Christmas beetle, blue tiger butterfly, sea anemone, giant jellyfish, cushion starfish, coconut crab, praying mantis, flatworms, tapeworms, and leeches. It provides details about their physical characteristics, habitats, behaviors, diets, and life cycles.
Turtles are reptiles with a strong shell that protects their inner organs and backbone. They can live on land or in water, breathing air through a process called buccal pumping. Their shells come in different shapes depending on whether they live on land or in water. While most turtle species lay eggs, some turtle genders are determined by temperature during incubation. The alligator snapping turtle is one of the largest turtle species known for its size, spiked shell, and diet of fish and smaller animals.
This document provides an overview of ecosystem relationships and balances in nature. It describes several examples of predator-prey relationships and symbiotic relationships that help regulate populations and maintain ecosystems, such as the relationship between alligators and other marsh animals, honeyguides and ratels, bats and moths, starfish and barnacles/mussels. It also discusses the impacts of invasive species and provides details on the interaction between great white sharks and elephant seals.
Killer whales, or orcas, are the largest members of the dolphin family. They live in close-knit family groups called pods that can range from a few individuals to over 150 orcas. There are two sub-species: transients, which hunt mammals in smaller pods, and residents, which eat fish in larger pods and frequent smaller areas. Orcas communicate through clicks, whistles and touch, and work together strategically to hunt prey. They have a worldwide distribution but prefer cooler waters, and threats include hunting and disturbance from marine parks and fisheries.
The document provides information on the blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus), including its taxonomy, description, distribution, biology, feeding behavior, life history, and interactions with humans. It notes that the blacktip shark is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical coastal waters, preys mainly on fish in schools, and gives birth to 4-7 pups every other year. The species is fished commercially and recreationally across much of its range and has been assessed as Near Threatened by the IUCN due to overfishing.
The document shares underwater photos taken in Indonesia along with descriptions. It includes photos of various sea creatures found in Indonesia such as anemonefish, clown triggerfish, hawksbill turtles, pygmy seahorses, stone beaches, the USS Liberty wreck site, regal angelfish, ornate ghost pipefish, leafy scorpionfish, lionfish, reef squid, cuttlefish, peacock mantis shrimp, ribbon eels, moray eels, whitetip reef sharks, blue-spotted stingrays, and giant Pacific manta rays. Descriptions provide details on characteristics and behaviors of the different species.
Green sea turtles are large sea turtles found in tropical and subtropical oceans around the world. They have a dorsoventrally flattened body and paddle-like flippers adapted for swimming. Adults typically inhabit shallow lagoons and feed on sea grasses. Throughout their life, green sea turtles inhabit different habitats - they lay eggs on beaches, spend their early years in open ocean waters, and mature in coastal areas with sea grass beds. Major threats include hunting, accidental capture in fishing gear, pollution, habitat destruction, and infectious diseases. Conservation efforts include protecting nesting beaches and reducing accidental turtle captures.
Green Darners are one of the largest dragonflies in North America, with bodies over 3 inches long and a wing span of 4.5 inches. They are dimorphic, meaning males and females have different appearances. Red-breasted Mergansers are water birds found in lakes and oceans with long thin bills. They prefer saltwater to freshwater. Black plovers are the largest plover species in North America and are long distance migrants that fly far distances for winter. Candiru fish are found in Brazilian rivers and estuaries and can be dangerous, entering human urethras when people urinate in the water. Hermit crabs need access to the sea to breed and lay eggs.
Turtles have hard shells that protect them from predators and have evolved over millions of years. They live in water and on land in almost every climate around the world. Dolphins are intelligent marine mammals found worldwide in oceans and seas, eating fish and squid. They are known for their playful behavior like leaping out of the water. Sharks have skeletons made of cartilage and multiple rows of replaceable teeth. Their skin helps with movement and camouflage in the water. The Blue Whale is the largest animal known to have lived, reaching over 100 feet long.
The rainbow trout is a fish native to the Pacific coast of North America that has been introduced worldwide for fishing. It lives in both freshwater and saltwater habitats. The trout spawn in gravel beds, laying eggs that are fertilized by the male. Young trout eat insects and algae while adults also eat smaller fish. They have silvery scales with a distinctive pink stripe and can live up to 11 years.
The document discusses rattlesnakes found in California, describing the six native species, their identifying characteristics like triangular heads and rattlers, behavior such as foraging and hibernation, and reproduction through live birth. It also covers rattlesnake bites, first aid, and prevention methods. Recommendations are provided for habitat modification, exclusion, and control methods to discourage rattlesnakes near homes and gardens while protecting the important role they play in the ecosystem.
Frogs from toronto zoo site 13 varitiesJohn Milner
This document provides descriptions of 15 frog and toad species found in Ontario, Canada. For each species, it includes details on physical characteristics, habitat, breeding behaviors, calls, and conservation status. Threatened and endangered species like the Northern Cricket Frog and Fowler's Toad are noted. The document aims to educate readers on the diversity of amphibians in Ontario and some of the challenges they face. Audio clips of each species' call are provided to aid in identification.
This document provides an overview of the many ways that fish diversity can be categorized, including by species, habitat, lifespan, size, breeding behavior, brooding behavior, feeding behavior, vision, shape, locomotion, toxicity, and human use. It discusses the large number of fish species that have been discovered and some of the extreme variations that can be seen between different types of fish in each of these categories.
This document summarizes the threats facing turtle conservation and provides information about several turtle species. It discusses major threats such as consumption of turtle eggs, artificial lighting, beach armouring, beach nourishment, predators, commercial fisheries, oil and gas exploration, ingestion of marine debris. It also provides details about specific turtle species like the hawksbill sea turtle, green sea turtle, leatherback sea turtle and olive ridley sea turtle. The document concludes by suggesting actions people can take to help turtle conservation like not eating turtle eggs and not destroying turtle habitat.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Cottonmouth brochure
1. Some people ask this question when they see a snake in
the water. Unfortunately, many people assume all snakes
in the water are cottonmouths and kill them “just in
case.” Along with sharks and bats, snakes are among
the most misunderstood and mistreated animals on earth.
Yes, some species of snakes, including the cottonmouth
(Agkistrodon piscivorus), also known as the water moc-
casin, are venomous and therefore a potential danger.
However, of the 32 snake species native to Tennessee,
only 4 are venomous—all others are completely harm-
less. Among the 28 harmless nonvenomous snakes,
water snakes (Nerodia and Regina species) and eastern
hognose snakes (Heterodon platirhinos) are often un-
fortunate victims of mistaken identity—thought to be
cottonmouths. This brochure was developed to high-
light the differences between water snakes, hognose
snakes, and cottonmouths with the hope that familiar-
ity with these snakes will prevent further unnecessary
killing of snakes.
The cottonmouth’s rumored reputation as a vicious
snake far exceeds its true character. This is not an ag-
gressive snake that attacks without provocation, and
rarely does it strike even when harassed. Venom is a
precious commodity that cottonmouths use for subdu-
ing prey, and wasting venom on anything that is not
“food” may prevent a snake from catching its next meal.
Further, the gaped display of the “cottony” inner-mouth
of a cottonmouth is not an act of
aggression, but rather a
warning of its toxicity—
no different than the rat-
tling behavior of rattle-
snakes. Venomous
snakes pose very little
threat to humans who leave
them alone—the vast major-
ity of snakebites result from attempting to capture, ha-
rass, or kill them.
COTTONMOUTHS (WATER MOCCASINS)
VS. WATER SNAKES
These species of water snakes are native to Tennessee
and may be mistaken for the cottonmouth: broad-banded
water snake (Nerodia fasciata confluens), copperbelly
and yellowbelly water snakes (Nerodia erythrogaster
neglecta and N. e. flavigaster), diamondback water
snake (Nerodia rhombifera), Mississippi green water
snake (Nerodia cyclopion), northern and midland wa-
ter snakes (Nerodia sipedon sipedon and N. s. pleuralis)
and the queen snake (Regina septemvittata). Adult wa-
ter snakes and cottonmouths may be similar in appear-
ance. Both are both large, heavy-bodied species with
rough scales and relatively dull coloration. However,
the following characteristics of behavior and appear-
ance should assist in differentiating between these
snakes:
Range and habitat...
The first step in discerning “Is it a Cottonmouth?” should
be to refer to the distribution map that illustrates the
range of the cottonmouth. Collectively, water snakes
can be found in every county of Tennessee, unlike the
cottonmouth, which does not naturally occur in most
of the middle and eastern half of the state. However,
since distributions are not static and snakes may be
moved around intentionally or accidentally, physical
features and behaviors of questionable snakes should
also be examined. Although it is difficult to summarize
the habitat preferences of these snakes, in general cot-
tonmouths do not prefer large, open reservoirs, whereas
many water snakes do. Cottonmouths tend to inhabit
slow-moving streams, swamps, and backwaters.
Nonvenomous water snakes, such as this diamondback, may
be mistaken for venomous cottonmouths.
Adult queen snake
Midland water snake
Cottonmouth/Water Moccasin (Venomous)
Do not occur naturally throughout most of Tennessee. They
bask on land or on logs and stumps near the water surface;
swim with their heads elevated above the water and their bod-
ies riding on the water surface. They may vibrate their tails
and gape their mouths when threatened. Cottonmouths, if
banded, have bands that are widest on the sides and narrow
on top; have triangular heads with elliptical eye pupils and a
heat-sensing pit; and have a single row of scales on the un-
derside of their tails.
Water Snakes (Nonvenomous)
Occur in aquatic habitats throughout Tennessee. Water snakes
bask on limbs overhanging water; typically swim below the
water surface. If banded, the bands are widest on top and
narrow on the sides. Water snakes have round eye pupils and
have a double row of scales on the underside of their tails.
Adult–dark phase Juvenile
Adult–banded Adult–light phase
Yellowbelly Northern
Broad-banded Mississippi Green
Confirmed Range
Unconfirmed Range
Introduced Population
Basking behavior...
Stories of cottonmouths falling from high overhanging
limbs into boats are most likely based on
misidentifications. Cottonmouths are not built for climb-
ing! They typically bask on land, stumps, or logs near
All snakes play an important role in the environment, including
venomousspeciessuchascottonmouths.Pleasehelpprotectthese
unique animals. It is illegal in Tennessee to harm, kill, remove
fromthewildorpossessanimalstakenfromthewild,includ-
ing ALL snakes, without the proper permits.
DavidE.Scott
DavidE.Scott
DavidE.Scott
DavidE.Scott
DavidE.Scott
FloydScott
WayneVanDevender
DavidE.Scott
DavidSnyder
DavidE.ScottDavidE.Scott
FloydScott
TWRA/GIS
2. the water surface and only occasionally climb to low
limbs when vines or a gradually sloping branch afford
access. Water snakes are very agile climbers and spend
a great deal of time basking on the limbs of shrubs and
trees overhanging the water.
Head posturing and mouth-gaping behavior...
Cottonmouths typically keep their heads cocked at an ap-
proximately45°angle,andwhenthreatenedwillgapetheir
mouth revealing the whitish inner lining. Although water
snakes do not display either of these behaviors, they too
havewhitishcolorationinthemouthlining.Therefore,dead
cottonmouths cannot be positively identified based solely
on the color of their
inner-mouthlining.(Cau-
tion: Venom may remain
fully toxic even in dead
snakes. It is best to leave
dead snakes of uncertain
identification alone). Eastern Hognose Snakes (Nonvenomous)
Another snake commonly mistaken for the cottonmouth is
the eastern hognose snake (Heterodon platirhinos). They can
be found in every county of Tennessee and prefer sandy habi-
tats often near water, upland woods, cultivated fields, and
woodland meadows. They have an upturned snout and can
be almost black and patternless; or have large, dark blotches
on a tan or yellowish background. Eastern hognose are more
likely to be seen at dawn or dusk searching for toads and
frogs. They seldom climb and are occasionally seen basking
on the ground. Their unique defense display involves raising
and flattening the head (cobra-like) and hissing; if this fails
the snake may play dead, sticking out its tongue and rolling
onto its back. Hognose snakes have round eye pupils and a
double row of scales is present from the vent back.
For additional information on snakes please contact the Ten-
nessee Wildlife Resources Agency office nearest you:
West Tennessee (Region I) .................................... 1-800-372-3928
Middle Tennessee (Region II) ............................... 1-800-624-7406
Cumberland Plateau (Region III) .......................... 1-800-262-6704
East Tennessee (Region IV) .................................. 1-800-332-0900
Website: ........................................................www.state.tn.us/twra
Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation website:
www.parcplace.org
This document was a joint production of the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA),
The Nature Conservancy of Tennessee (TNC) and the Wolf River Conservancy. Brochure
adapted with permission from the Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Nongame-Endangered Wildlife Program (GADNR) and the Savannah River Ecology Labo-
ratory (SREL). Text by John Jensen (GADNR) and Lisa Powers (Froghaven Farm). Layout
and design by Laura L. Janecek (SREL) and Raleigh Holtam (TWRA).
Cottonmouths (left)
rarely climb, whereas
water snakes, like this
copperbelly (below),
typically bask on limbs
that hang over water.
Swimming behavior…
When disturbed, cottonmouths either hold their ground
or swim away. When swimming, their heads are usually
elevated above the water and their bodies appear overly
buoyant, riding on, or nearly on, the water surface, al-
though they frequently forage for fish and amphibians
beneath the water surface. Water snakes, on the other
hand, do not swim high on the water, their heads are not
elevated, and they more typically swim below the sur-
face. When water snakes are disturbed, they almost al-
ways flee by diving beneath the water.
Tail vibration...
In addition to mouth gaping, cottonmouths will often
rapidly vibrate their tail when agitated or threatened.
Although several other nonvenomous snakes also ex-
hibit this behavior (black racers, for example), water
snakes do not.
Pattern...
The most common water snake in Tennessee, the north-
ern water snake, has bands that are widest on top. Juve-
nile and patterned adult cottonmouths have “hollow”
bands that are widest on the sides and appear to be hour-
glass shaped.
Mouth-gape warning behavior (top right) and head angle
typical of cottonmouths.
A juvenile cottonmouth swimming. Aslo illustrated is the typi-
cal “hourglass” banding pattern
Underside of tail...
Cottonmouths have a single row of scales (similar to
the belly scales) on the underside of their tail from the
vent back. A double row of scales is present from the
vent back on water snakes (Caution: If uncertain as to
species, scale characteristics should only be examined
on dead snakes and shed skins).
Head shape and features...
Cottonmouths have triangular shaped heads, however
the shape of the head is not a reliable way to differenti-
ate these species since water snakes can flare out their
head when they feel threatened, making it appear trian-
gular. However, the elliptical shape of the pupil (round
in water snakes) and the presence of a pit between the
eye and nostril (absent in water snakes) are reliable char-
acteristics of cottonmouths.
COTTONMOUTH
Single scale row
WATER SNAKE
Double scale row
A heat-sensing “pit” present
in cottonmouths is absent in
water snakes like the banded
water snake below. Cotton-
mouths also have elliptical
pupils, whereas
nonvenemous
water snakes
have round pu-
pils.
DavidE.Scott
WayneVanDevenderDavidE.Scott
DavidE.ScottJohnJensenJohnJensen
JohnJensen
DavidE.Scott
DavidE.Scott
DavidSnyder/FloydScott