The female inmate population is growing the fastest in the criminal justice system. This study administered questionnaires to 348 female inmates to examine the relationships between attachment styles, childhood trauma, sensation seeking, and criminal behavior. Correlations were found between scales measuring risk taking behaviors, adverse childhood experiences, insecure attachments, and the number of crimes committed or that could have been committed. The results suggest current models of criminality do not fully capture the complexity of factors influencing criminal behavior and that rehabilitation efforts need to address multiple issues. More advanced analyses of the data are ongoing.
Impact of marsy’s law on parole in california an empirical studymarsyslawforall
Abstract:
Marsy’s Law (Proposition 9) purported to increase Victims’ Rights by making significant changes to parole in California. Supporters of Marsy’s Law intended to decrease lifer inmate’s “chances” to obtain parole by statutorily lengthening the amount of time between parole hearings, and to increase victim presence at parole hearings by creating greater opportunities for victim participation.
I conducted an analysis of 211 randomly selected parole hearing transcripts in California both before and after Marsy’s Law was implemented. I found that the passage of Marsy’s Law nearly doubled the amount of time set by the Parole Board between parole hearings. It is unclear whether Marsy’s Law has increased victim participation at parole hearings or has impacted the quality of victim participation at parole hearings.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 29
Date posted: July 07, 2011
Contact Information
Laura Lienhart Richardson (Contact Author)
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - School of Law ( email )
385 Charles E. Young Dr. East
Room 1242
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1476
United States
This is a presentation on the legality of the prisoners being held at Guantanamo Bay. It compares prisoner of war status to enemy combatant status. Also addresses human rights and juveniles. It was for a class on Applied Human RIghts Law taken at Webster University in Leiden, the Netherlands.
Miss Lin, a Obese patient went to see Dr. Zam in NHC where different sorts of slimming and diet programs are offered. When Miss Lin CONSULTED Dr. Zam, he recommended to undergo the Sea Weed Wrap Program with several drugs for melting most of her body fats within two weeks. Although Miss Lin didn’t ask about potential risks associated with Sea Weed Wrap and medicine therapies, She constantly mentioned to Dr. Zam about her fear in developing Allergic problem, as she has been facing this problem since childhood. In fact, Sea Weed Wrap and medicine therapies have associated risks to the skin depending on the sensitivity of the person. As a result, after taking Sea Weed Wrap and medicine therapies, Miss Lin developed Severe Skin Rush throughout her body and turned her body as Bluish Black which COMPEL HER RESIGNING FROM HER WORK PLACE. However, before undergoing this treatments, Dr. Zam didn’t warn Miss Lin about this risks of skin rush as the risks of the rush developing is less than 1%. Now, Miss Lin would like to sue Dr. Zam for failure to inform her of the risks associated with the drugs used the sea weed wrap program.
Impact of marsy’s law on parole in california an empirical studymarsyslawforall
Abstract:
Marsy’s Law (Proposition 9) purported to increase Victims’ Rights by making significant changes to parole in California. Supporters of Marsy’s Law intended to decrease lifer inmate’s “chances” to obtain parole by statutorily lengthening the amount of time between parole hearings, and to increase victim presence at parole hearings by creating greater opportunities for victim participation.
I conducted an analysis of 211 randomly selected parole hearing transcripts in California both before and after Marsy’s Law was implemented. I found that the passage of Marsy’s Law nearly doubled the amount of time set by the Parole Board between parole hearings. It is unclear whether Marsy’s Law has increased victim participation at parole hearings or has impacted the quality of victim participation at parole hearings.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 29
Date posted: July 07, 2011
Contact Information
Laura Lienhart Richardson (Contact Author)
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - School of Law ( email )
385 Charles E. Young Dr. East
Room 1242
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1476
United States
This is a presentation on the legality of the prisoners being held at Guantanamo Bay. It compares prisoner of war status to enemy combatant status. Also addresses human rights and juveniles. It was for a class on Applied Human RIghts Law taken at Webster University in Leiden, the Netherlands.
Miss Lin, a Obese patient went to see Dr. Zam in NHC where different sorts of slimming and diet programs are offered. When Miss Lin CONSULTED Dr. Zam, he recommended to undergo the Sea Weed Wrap Program with several drugs for melting most of her body fats within two weeks. Although Miss Lin didn’t ask about potential risks associated with Sea Weed Wrap and medicine therapies, She constantly mentioned to Dr. Zam about her fear in developing Allergic problem, as she has been facing this problem since childhood. In fact, Sea Weed Wrap and medicine therapies have associated risks to the skin depending on the sensitivity of the person. As a result, after taking Sea Weed Wrap and medicine therapies, Miss Lin developed Severe Skin Rush throughout her body and turned her body as Bluish Black which COMPEL HER RESIGNING FROM HER WORK PLACE. However, before undergoing this treatments, Dr. Zam didn’t warn Miss Lin about this risks of skin rush as the risks of the rush developing is less than 1%. Now, Miss Lin would like to sue Dr. Zam for failure to inform her of the risks associated with the drugs used the sea weed wrap program.
Judicial approach in medical negligence in malaysiaSiti Azhar
It gives a overview on the current judicial approach on medical negligence cases in Malaysia. The opinion formed in this is the personal opinion of the writer.
Case 2 – How dumb can you getA recent news article reported t.docxtidwellveronique
Case 2 – How dumb can you get?
A recent news article reported that an employee of the City of Norfolk, Virginia had been on the payroll for some twelve years even though she had not reported to work for most of those years. This was apparently with the full knowledge of city officials. Familiarize yourself with the situation and comment on it.
Who is at fault?
Is anyone at fault?
What should be the result?
How would you fix that problem?
Online Gaming Addiction: The Role of Sensation
Seeking, Self-Control, Neuroticism, Aggression,
State Anxiety, and Trait Anxiety
Mehwash Mehroof, B.Sc. and Mark D. Griffiths, Ph.D.
Abstract
Research into online gaming has steadily increased over the last decade, although relatively little research has
examined the relationship between online gaming addiction and personality factors. This study examined the
relationship between a number of personality traits (sensation seeking, self-control, aggression, neuroticism,
state anxiety, and trait anxiety) and online gaming addiction. Data were collected over a 1-month period using
an opportunity sample of 123 university students at an East Midlands university in the United Kingdom.
Gamers completed all the online questionnaires. Results of a multiple linear regression indicated that five traits
(neuroticism, sensation seeking, trait anxiety, state anxiety, and aggression) displayed significant associations
with online gaming addiction. The study suggests that certain personality traits may be important in the
acquisition, development, and maintenance of online gaming addiction, although further research is needed to
replicate the findings of the present study.
Introduction
Since the early 2000s, research into online gaming hassteadily increased,1–4 although relatively little has exam-
ined the relationship between online gaming addiction and
personality. Gaming addiction (either online or offline) is not as
yet an established diagnosis, although further research in the
area may contribute toward its inclusion in future editions of
the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual (DSM). Personality traits may play a role in addiction
more generally, as many people seem to have personalities that
may predispose them to addiction.5 One such trait could be
sensation seeking.6 Although taking risks and experimenting
with a variety of activities is considered normal, those who are
prone to engage in sensation-seeking behaviors may find
themselves at higher risks for developing a dependence on
online gaming. However, studies suggesting sensation seeking
as an explanation for online gaming addiction are inconsis-
tent.2,7 Self-control may also influence online gaming. Ng and
Wiemer-Hastings1 stated that since gamers can become easily
absorbed in playing, their behavior may lead to a loss of time
control. Research by Kim et al.8 shows some support for this
view. However, there is still a general lack of research on the
relationship betwe ...
Effective solutions to end violence against children will require researchers, practitioners, and leaders to come together to take stock of what we know, bridge gaps across the field, and influence change through the use and generation of VAC evidence.
This webinar aimed to share evidence and foster discussion on intersections between violence against women and violence against children, highlighting opportunities for greater collaboration, to build knowledge, and to translate it into policy and programmes.
Opening remarks: Alessandra Guedes, Gender and Development Research Manager, UNICEF Innocenti
Presenting evidence:
- Clara Alemann, Director of Programs, Promundo, The Hague
- Manuela Colombini, Assistant Professor in Health Systems and Policy and Gender-based Violence, and Loraine Bacchus, Associate Professor of Social Science, LSHTM
- Chandré Gould, Senior Research Fellow, and Matodzi Amisi, Senior Research Consultant, Institute for Security Studies, South Africa
- Isabelle Pearson, Research Fellow for the Gender Violence & Health Centre at LSHTM and Heidi Stöckl, Professor of Public Health Evaluation, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Panel discussion:
- Paul Bukuluki, Associate Professor of Social Work and Medical Anthropology, Makerere University, Uganda
- Lina Digolo, Senior Associate, The Prevention Collaborative, Kenya
- Lori Heise, Professor of Gender, Violence and Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
- Santi Kusumaningrum, Co-founder and Director, PUSKAPA - Center on Child Protection and Wellbeing at Universitas Indonesia
- Tarisai Mchuchu-MacMillan, Executive Director, MOSAIC, South Africa
Closing remarks: Emily Esplen, Head of Ending Violence Team, FCDO, United Kingdom
Judicial approach in medical negligence in malaysiaSiti Azhar
It gives a overview on the current judicial approach on medical negligence cases in Malaysia. The opinion formed in this is the personal opinion of the writer.
Case 2 – How dumb can you getA recent news article reported t.docxtidwellveronique
Case 2 – How dumb can you get?
A recent news article reported that an employee of the City of Norfolk, Virginia had been on the payroll for some twelve years even though she had not reported to work for most of those years. This was apparently with the full knowledge of city officials. Familiarize yourself with the situation and comment on it.
Who is at fault?
Is anyone at fault?
What should be the result?
How would you fix that problem?
Online Gaming Addiction: The Role of Sensation
Seeking, Self-Control, Neuroticism, Aggression,
State Anxiety, and Trait Anxiety
Mehwash Mehroof, B.Sc. and Mark D. Griffiths, Ph.D.
Abstract
Research into online gaming has steadily increased over the last decade, although relatively little research has
examined the relationship between online gaming addiction and personality factors. This study examined the
relationship between a number of personality traits (sensation seeking, self-control, aggression, neuroticism,
state anxiety, and trait anxiety) and online gaming addiction. Data were collected over a 1-month period using
an opportunity sample of 123 university students at an East Midlands university in the United Kingdom.
Gamers completed all the online questionnaires. Results of a multiple linear regression indicated that five traits
(neuroticism, sensation seeking, trait anxiety, state anxiety, and aggression) displayed significant associations
with online gaming addiction. The study suggests that certain personality traits may be important in the
acquisition, development, and maintenance of online gaming addiction, although further research is needed to
replicate the findings of the present study.
Introduction
Since the early 2000s, research into online gaming hassteadily increased,1–4 although relatively little has exam-
ined the relationship between online gaming addiction and
personality. Gaming addiction (either online or offline) is not as
yet an established diagnosis, although further research in the
area may contribute toward its inclusion in future editions of
the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual (DSM). Personality traits may play a role in addiction
more generally, as many people seem to have personalities that
may predispose them to addiction.5 One such trait could be
sensation seeking.6 Although taking risks and experimenting
with a variety of activities is considered normal, those who are
prone to engage in sensation-seeking behaviors may find
themselves at higher risks for developing a dependence on
online gaming. However, studies suggesting sensation seeking
as an explanation for online gaming addiction are inconsis-
tent.2,7 Self-control may also influence online gaming. Ng and
Wiemer-Hastings1 stated that since gamers can become easily
absorbed in playing, their behavior may lead to a loss of time
control. Research by Kim et al.8 shows some support for this
view. However, there is still a general lack of research on the
relationship betwe ...
Effective solutions to end violence against children will require researchers, practitioners, and leaders to come together to take stock of what we know, bridge gaps across the field, and influence change through the use and generation of VAC evidence.
This webinar aimed to share evidence and foster discussion on intersections between violence against women and violence against children, highlighting opportunities for greater collaboration, to build knowledge, and to translate it into policy and programmes.
Opening remarks: Alessandra Guedes, Gender and Development Research Manager, UNICEF Innocenti
Presenting evidence:
- Clara Alemann, Director of Programs, Promundo, The Hague
- Manuela Colombini, Assistant Professor in Health Systems and Policy and Gender-based Violence, and Loraine Bacchus, Associate Professor of Social Science, LSHTM
- Chandré Gould, Senior Research Fellow, and Matodzi Amisi, Senior Research Consultant, Institute for Security Studies, South Africa
- Isabelle Pearson, Research Fellow for the Gender Violence & Health Centre at LSHTM and Heidi Stöckl, Professor of Public Health Evaluation, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Panel discussion:
- Paul Bukuluki, Associate Professor of Social Work and Medical Anthropology, Makerere University, Uganda
- Lina Digolo, Senior Associate, The Prevention Collaborative, Kenya
- Lori Heise, Professor of Gender, Violence and Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
- Santi Kusumaningrum, Co-founder and Director, PUSKAPA - Center on Child Protection and Wellbeing at Universitas Indonesia
- Tarisai Mchuchu-MacMillan, Executive Director, MOSAIC, South Africa
Closing remarks: Emily Esplen, Head of Ending Violence Team, FCDO, United Kingdom
Term Paper Assignment CRIJ 3300 Applied Research and Methods.docxjacqueliner9
Term Paper Assignment
CRIJ 3300 Applied Research and Methods
9 Pages
Introduction
In the American Criminal Justice System, many young adults commit delinquency acts. In this paper, the goal of this research is to find out if the use of any controlled substance or any illegal drug incite male juveniles in high school delinquency. I hypothesize that if male juveniles that attend high school consume any controlled substances or illegal drug, then their crime commission or delinquency rates will increase. If male juveniles that attend high school commit crime or delinquency acts, and they do not consume controlled substances or illegal drugs, their crime rates will go down or remain the same.
Population of Interest
For this research, the population of interest will be male juveniles of American nationality who attend a public high school in Chicago, Illinois.
Unit of Analysis
The unit of analysis proposed to analyze for this research will be individuals. Individual students who get studied in a research can be less likely to be influenced by peers or any outside source.
Variables of Interest
Attributes of the variables are important in this research. The male juveniles chosen will be between the ages of 12 to 17. The ethnicity or race of the juveniles are not important to this research, because it is not quantitative. It might be important for a research that is looking to know how many juveniles from certain race commit delinquent acts, but in this research, the goal is to find out if the consumption of any controlled substance or illegal drug alter juvenile delinquency rates. A controlled substance is any substance or medication that people use to get high. An illegal drug, is any substance that cannot be used under a certain age, or that cannot be used at all in the United States. These definitions bring us to the meaning of juvenile delinquency, which is any deviant behavior or delinquent act that juveniles commit during the course of adolescence or at a certain age that is between twelve and seventeen. This definition relates to the questions in the survey that ask about the juvenile committing any delinquent acts or deviant behaviors. The independent variable in this research is the drug or illegal substance that the juvenile consumes before the commission of a delinquent act. The dependent variable is the delinquent act itself depending on the consumption of illegal drugs or controlled substances. It is the dependent variable because as we hypothesized, if the juvenile does not take drugs or if he does not use controlled substances then the delinquency rate will probably go down. The control variable is the situations that happen to the juvenile when he is outside of school. Problems at home, child abuse, child neglect, being a victim of bullying, parents that abuse illegal substances, parents or family members that abuse alcohol in front of the juvenile amongst other, are examples of what could be considered the control variab.
CHAPTER IIIRESEARCH METHODOLOGYIntroductionThe study has bee.docxchristinemaritza
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
The study has been interested with children and separation/divorce. The impacts of divorce on children became apparent when the exploration contemplates the undertaking. This chapter seeks to analyses the various methods that will be use in doing the study and the data collection process.
IMDCAP
The examination venture titled “The Impact of Divorce on Children and Parents" will be produced by Dr. James Smith. It is a collaborative exertion between New Haven County, Connecticut Circuit Court and the Southern Connecticut State University National Criminal Justice Educational Development Project. It has been supported by Criminal Justice team assets controlled by Southern Connecticut State University Division of Urban Affairs. The gift is a piece of the Criminal Justice Educational Development Project.
The real point of this study is to analyze the effect of divorce on the individual and common alteration of minor children, or different hobby is the degree to which children display improper behavior before, amid, and after the divorce of their parents. The example population comprised of separating couples who had not beforehand marriage, who had minor children, and who live in New Haven, Connecticut. The venture accumulated information from separated parents, their children, lawyers of record, school and New Haven County Juvenile.
court staff, and additionally court and school records. It will be assembled at three time periods: at the season of recording, six and eighteen months after the documenting. The IMDCAP undertaking will be coordinated by Dr. James Smith, Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychiatry, Southern Connecticut State University and Murice Freemans, Research Assistant.
The undertaking destinations as noted in the proposition seem to be:
a) thorough, transparent investigation of the demographic and attitudinal qualities of an arbitrary sample of initially married separating couples with minor, children.
b) An enlightening study of the elements considered by courts in deciding care in no challenged cases.
c) A precise examination of those social and individual elements working with a family that incite intercession by courts in determining children guardianship.
d) An six month longitudinal study to the degree to which child rearing styles created by couples preceding, amid, and after divorce, influence the psycho-social advancement of their children.
Concerning these targets, the significant free variables are whether the children will be prepared for their parents’ divorce and the sort of child rearing styles created by the separating couple. The important mediating variables are social class and social traits (pay, word related status, race/ethnicity, and religious introduction).
IMDCAP's speculations as noted in the undertaking review seem to be:
1. Children whose parents have set them up for divorce and have built up a helpful parental style will display the be ...
Physical Attractiveness and its Influence on Perceptions of Criminal Culpabilityrrcampb
Physical attractiveness and its ability to influence perceptions of criminal culpability was examined in the context of an online assignment of guilt task. Two-hundred and fifty participants were surveyed and asked to label photographs of adult males as either criminal or not criminal. A 3 (attractiveness) X 3 (ethnicity) repeated measures statistical analysis found highly significant main effects for physical attractiveness, ethnicity, and the interaction. The results suggest that physical attractiveness serves as a heuristic cue in the assignment of criminal culpability. These findings are highly relevant to those involved in the discretionary processes of the criminal justice system.
IMPLICATIONS FOR TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE12Implications for Trauma-InMalikPinckney86
IMPLICATIONS FOR TRAUMA-INFORMED CARE 12Implications for Trauma-Informed Care: Adverse Childhood Trauma and Dissociation in the Lives of Male Offenders
Takia Owens
South University
CNS 6529 Research and Evaluation
Dr. Dan
3/8/2022
Abstract
Psychological abuse, household dysfunction, neglect, and physical abuse are examples of adverse childhood trauma. However, in efforts to support trauma-informed care for male offenders, the relationship between these adverse childhood traumatic events and dissociation must be determined. This study will utilize a qualitative research approach as well as a correlational research design. The study will include 30 participants drawn from Broad River and Lee county correction for the study.
Introduction
Adverse childhood experiences are traumatic events that occur in children aged 0 to 18, even before born in my opinion. An emotional abuse, a household dysfunction, neglect, and a physical abuse are examples of traumatic events. Adverse childhood trauma has long-term consequences in an individual's life, resulting in higher levels of dissociation. This disassociation is more pronounced in male offenders. These negative childhood experiences are also one of the factors that contributed to the crimes committed by these individuals. However, more research is needed to determine how these adverse childhood traumas relate to the dissociation in male offenders.
This relationship will be critical in informing the provision of trauma-informed care to these offenders. Trauma is described as a traumatic occurrence that threatens one's or others' bodily or psychological well-being and causes feelings of fear, helplessness, or shock (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Bloom, 2013). Traumatic events have been a part of human life since the beginning of time. Severe accidents, violence, personal assaults, or natural disasters could all be examples. Various historical events illustrate the various forms of trauma that can occur in human life. These experiences have resulted in the creation of numerous trauma sources that have improved human knowledge of trauma. Human beings, on the other hand, are still subjected to trauma that affects their emotional, physical, spiritual, and psychological well-being.
Physical attack, combat, accidents, and human or natural disasters have all resulted in males experiencing trauma. Most men live in diverse cities are affected by violent trauma. The previous study on this found that gun, violence, and drug crimes were more rampant among the repeat victims of violence as compared to those that were accidentally injured (Coope.et-al, 2000). TIC is focused on an increasing understanding of the adverse effects of psychological trauma.
Trauma-informed care has been shown to enhance criminal responsiveness to evidence-based cognitive behavioral treatment, which minimi ...
Risk & Needs Assessment •What is the purpose of a risk and needs ass.docxcarlstromcurtis
Risk & Needs Assessment •What is the purpose of a risk and needs assessment? •Are these assessments necessary? Why or why not? Provide thorough, well-developed descriptions to demonstrate your understanding of these topics. In your initial post, you should refer to both the assigned course readings for the week as well as at least one source you located elsewhere that either helps define or explain the concepts being discussed in this forum.
Here is an example ! DO NOT USE SYNONYMS
Risk and needs assessments are used to estimate a youth's risk of recidivating. The findings can assist in developing treatment to reduce the youth's likelihood of reoffending. Risk and needs assessments also helpful in developing a plan that provides treatment or services that is helpful to the juvenile. Risk instruments are screening devices that forecasts future delinquent conduct or criminality. For example: A juvenile with abusive parents may be at risk for reoffending; therefore, a service can be offered to assist the parents in developing parenting skills. A judge could also determine the juvenile's home is not safe and order the child to be placed in another home or program. Needs assessments is an instrument that assesses juvenile offenders social, psychological and mental health needs and then make decisions such as: showing a juvenile leniency, sending a juvenile to a diversion program, or referring the juvenile to formal processing. There are concerns that risk/needs assessments may contribute to the racial disparities and disproportionate minority contact (DMC) observed in the juvenile justice system. A person's criminal history or prior offense has always served as an indicator of re-offending; however, research on the DMC has shown that minorities are more likely to come into contact with the juvenile justice system soThe likelihood of a juvenile that is a minority of having a history of criminal behavior or a prior offense is higher. In essence, a prior offense may reflect the juvenile was targeted because of his or her race, socioeconomic status, gender and/or age. A juvenile that is considered to pose a great risk of committing a future crime is a prime candidate for a harsher sentence. The danger in risk predictions is a juvenile who is suspected of being dangerous or posed a greater risk of re-offending may actually turn out not to be dangerous or may never re-offend whereas, a juvenile who did not appear to be dangerous and did not pose a risk of re-offending may actually turn out to be dangerous or re-offend. This is known as a false positive and false negative.
...
Risk & Needs Assessment •What is the purpose of a risk and nee.docxcarlstromcurtis
Risk & Needs Assessment
•What is the purpose of a risk and needs assessment?
•Are these assessments necessary?
Why or why not?
Provide thorough, well-developed descriptions to demonstrate your understanding of these topics. In your initial post, you should refer to both the assigned course readings for the week as well as at least one source you located elsewhere that either helps define or explain the concepts being discussed in this forum.
Here is an example !
DO NOT USE SYNONYMS
Risk and needs assessments are used to estimate a youth's risk of recidivating. The findings can assist in developing treatment to reduce the youth's likelihood of reoffending. Risk and needs assessments also helpful in developing a plan that provides treatment or services that is helpful to the juvenile. Risk instruments are screening devices that forecasts future delinquent conduct or criminality. For example: A juvenile with abusive parents may be at risk for reoffending; therefore, a service can be offered to assist the parents in developing parenting skills. A judge could also determine the juvenile's home is not safe and order the child to be placed in another home or program. Needs assessments is an instrument that assesses juvenile offenders social, psychological and mental health needs and then make decisions such as: showing a juvenile leniency, sending a juvenile to a diversion program, or referring the juvenile to formal processing. There are concerns that risk/needs assessments may contribute to the racial disparities and disproportionate minority contact (DMC) observed in the juvenile justice system. A person's criminal history or prior offense has always served as an indicator of re-offending; however, research on the DMC has shown that minorities are more likely to come into contact with the juvenile justice system soThe likelihood of a juvenile that is a minority of having a history of criminal behavior or a prior offense is higher. In essence, a prior offense may reflect the juvenile was targeted because of his or her race, socioeconomic status, gender and/or age. A juvenile that is considered to pose a great risk of committing a future crime is a prime candidate for a harsher sentence. The danger in risk predictions is a juvenile who is suspected of being dangerous or posed a greater risk of re-offending may actually turn out not to be dangerous or may never re-offend whereas, a juvenile who did not appear to be dangerous and did not pose a risk of re-offending may actually turn out to be dangerous or re-offend. This is known as a false positive and false negative.
...
Similar to Correlates of criminal behavior among female prisoners (20)
2. The female inmate population is the fastest growing
population within the criminal justice system.
Between 1977 and 2004, the number of female inmates
increased by 757%, and this is double the rate of
increase among incarcerated males.
3. Identify attachment and clinical issues among female
prisoners
Introduce a comprehensive theory of criminality that
better predicts criminal activities
Provide evidence to create more individualized
treatments to better reduce rates of recidivism.
4. Participants
A total of 348 females were recruited on a volunteer
basis from the Lakin Women’s Correctional Center in
Point Pleasant, West Virginia. Of these women, 20 of
them became confused with the numbering of the
questions, 24 did not finish for unknown reasons, and 11
did not consent to participate. The total number of
questionnaires utilized for the subsequent analyses was
293. Their ages ranged from 18 years upward.
5. Instruments
Five different measures were administered to the
participants for a total of 319 questions. The following
measures were administered to the participants:
Attachment & Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ)
CAGE Questionnaire
Adverse Childhood Events Questionnaire (ACE)
Brief Sensation-Seeking Screening 4 (BSSS-4)
Sensation Seeking 2 (SS-2)
6. Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire
(ACIQ)
The ACIQ is a test battery containing 29 scales
measuring attachment and related clinical issues. It
includes scales measuring avoidant, anxious
resistant, codependent/preoccupied, and secure
attachments to mother, father, and partner on
continuous scales.
7. CAGE Questionnaire
The CAGE is named in reference to its four questions
that pertain to cutting back on drinking, feeling
annoyed that others ask you to cut back on
drinking, feeling guilty about drinking, and needing a
drink first thing in the morning (eye-opener). The
CAGE is a brief screening measure used to detect
alcoholism.
8. Adversive Childhood Events Questionnaire (ACE)
The ACE Questionnaire contains several questions
pertaining to aversive childhood experiences, such as
recurrent physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual
abuse. It contains questions about whether the
household in which a person grew up contained an
alcohol or drug abuser, someone who engaged in
criminal behavior, and/or someone with a mental
illness.
9. Brief Sensation Seeking Screening - 4 (BSSS-4)
The BSSS-4 is a short assessment tool pertaining to an
individual’s level of sensation seeking. It has been found
to predict risk taking behaviors among those of different
ages, particularly with regard to risk taking behaviors
pertaining to drug and alcohol.
Sensation Seeking – 2 (SS-2)
The two items on this measure relate to the risk taking
and excitement aspects of sensation seeking. It has an
overall focus on personal dispositions toward risky and
exciting types of behaviors.
10. Procedures
Participants were tested in groups of approximately 25 over
the course of two days. Each group was read each item on the
questionnaire by a test proctor, and the first ten items were
read twice. The participants were asked not to work ahead,
and at least one proctor walked around the room to ensure
that the participants were not moving on to additional items
prematurely. The additional proctor(s) was available to
answer any questions that were raised. The participants
answered each question on a scantron sheet. Scantrons were
numbered, and no identifying information was obtained.
The testing process took around an hour and fifteen minutes,
and scantrons were scored electronically.
11. It was predicted that scales on the ACIQ pertaining to
attachment to mother and partner would correlate
with the number of crimes for which one was arrested
and the number of crimes for which one COULD have
been arrested.
In addition, it was predicted that adverse childhood
events, as measured by the ACE, would be correlated
with the number of crimes for which one could have
been arrested, as well as the number of crimes for
which one could have been arrested.
12. Scale Crimes Arrested Could Arrested
Risk Taking Behaviors .24 .49
ACE .25 .35
CAGE .10 .10
Experienced Partner .34 .34
Abuse
Ambivalent Mother .25 .25
Anger Control .28 .29
Avoidant Mother .24 .28
Avoidant Partner .21 .24
Sexual Arousal .31 .18
Secure Attachment to .17 .20
Mother
General Mistrust .24 .21
*Correlations are between instrument scales and crimes for which one was
arrested and could have been arrested. All correlations over .20 have p< .001.
13. The results are continuing to be analyzed. They will be
examined in terms of more powerful path analyses than the
correlations offered here. However, these correlations are
informative of the fact that current models of criminality,
although significant, do not capture the complexity of the
factors behind dissidence.
14. The above results demonstrated that several different
factors need to be taken into account when considering
models of criminality.
In addition, the results reflect the need to address several
different factors when attempting to rehabilitate criminal
offenders and ultimately reduce recidivism.
15. As mentioned previously, this set of data continues to
be analyzed in terms of more sophisticated path
analyses.
It is the goal of these analyses to examine paths to an
array of criminal acts, such as murder or fraud.
