The Great Depression of 1929 was the worst economic crisis in US history, affecting the entire industrialized world. It began in 1929 and lasted around 10 years. Many factors contributed to this financial disaster, but the main cause was overproduction and limited credit, which led to Black Thursday. As a result, American exports slowed down, world trade dropped, and the US sought to repatriate capital invested in other countries.
The Great Depression of 1929 was the worst economic crisis in US history, affecting the entire industrialized world. It began in 1929 and lasted around 10 years. Many factors contributed to this financial disaster, but the main cause was overproduction and limited credit, which led to Black Thursday. As a result, American exports slowed down, world trade dropped, and the US sought to repatriate capital invested in other countries.
The Cold War was a state of political and economic tension between the United States and the Soviet Union where both sides wanted to prevail over the other. It involved opposing economic systems like capitalism, where private individuals own capital goods, and communism, where the means of production are owned collectively. The Marshall Plan was an American program that allocated over $12 billion for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II. Ultimately, the Cold War had a winner, the USA, and a loser, the USSR.
The Vietnam War lasted from 1954 to 1975 between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. The United States became involved to stop the spread of communism in Southeast Asia. Despite superior firepower, the U.S. was unable to defeat the Viet Cong guerilla forces hiding in the jungle. Direct U.S. military involvement ended in 1973 with a cease-fire agreement, but the war concluded in 1975 with a North Vietnamese victory. Over 55,000 American soldiers died during the conflict.
Women have a history of voting in the United States that stretches back to the early republic, as some states allowed women to vote and New Jersey was the first to recognize women's right to vote in its constitution and laws. In the late 1800s, women pursued three strategies to secure the right to vote nationwide: seeking a broader interpretation of the 14th Amendment, changing individual state laws, and passing a constitutional amendment to override state laws prohibiting women from voting. It took several decades of activism and the 19th Amendment in 1920, but women were finally guaranteed the right to vote across the United States.
The document summarizes the key events of the Boston Tea Party in 1773 and its aftermath. It describes how colonists in Boston boarded British ships and dumped 342 containers of tea into the harbor in protest of new taxes imposed by the British government. In response, the British punished the entire town of Boston by blockading the harbor and sending army regiments to enforce the closure, which increased tensions leading up to the American Revolution.
Rosa Parks was arrested in 1955 for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger on a public bus in Montgomery, Alabama. She was tired of giving in to the rule that required black people to give up their seats for white people. After her arrest, Parks became an icon of the Civil Rights Movement but faced hardship as she lost her job and her husband was forced to quit his job for supporting her case. She spent over a year in jail for her act of defiance that helped spark the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
The document discusses the history of transportation in the 1800s and early 1900s. It describes the first steam locomotive railway in 1804 in Wales. It then discusses the authorization of a transcontinental railroad in the US in 1853 to connect the east and west coasts. Two private companies, Union Pacific and Central Pacific, were formed to build the railroad and were given land grants and loans to finance construction. The railroad was completed in 1869, connecting Omaha, Nebraska to Sacramento, California. The document also briefly summarizes Prohibition in the US from 1920 to 1933, when the 18th Amendment banned alcohol but was later repealed by the 21st Amendment in 1933.
The Cold War was a state of political and economic tension between the United States and the Soviet Union where both sides wanted to prevail over the other. It involved opposing economic systems like capitalism, where private individuals own capital goods, and communism, where the means of production are owned collectively. The Marshall Plan was an American program that allocated over $12 billion for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II. Ultimately, the Cold War had a winner, the USA, and a loser, the USSR.
The Vietnam War lasted from 1954 to 1975 between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. The United States became involved to stop the spread of communism in Southeast Asia. Despite superior firepower, the U.S. was unable to defeat the Viet Cong guerilla forces hiding in the jungle. Direct U.S. military involvement ended in 1973 with a cease-fire agreement, but the war concluded in 1975 with a North Vietnamese victory. Over 55,000 American soldiers died during the conflict.
Women have a history of voting in the United States that stretches back to the early republic, as some states allowed women to vote and New Jersey was the first to recognize women's right to vote in its constitution and laws. In the late 1800s, women pursued three strategies to secure the right to vote nationwide: seeking a broader interpretation of the 14th Amendment, changing individual state laws, and passing a constitutional amendment to override state laws prohibiting women from voting. It took several decades of activism and the 19th Amendment in 1920, but women were finally guaranteed the right to vote across the United States.
The document summarizes the key events of the Boston Tea Party in 1773 and its aftermath. It describes how colonists in Boston boarded British ships and dumped 342 containers of tea into the harbor in protest of new taxes imposed by the British government. In response, the British punished the entire town of Boston by blockading the harbor and sending army regiments to enforce the closure, which increased tensions leading up to the American Revolution.
Rosa Parks was arrested in 1955 for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger on a public bus in Montgomery, Alabama. She was tired of giving in to the rule that required black people to give up their seats for white people. After her arrest, Parks became an icon of the Civil Rights Movement but faced hardship as she lost her job and her husband was forced to quit his job for supporting her case. She spent over a year in jail for her act of defiance that helped spark the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
The document discusses the history of transportation in the 1800s and early 1900s. It describes the first steam locomotive railway in 1804 in Wales. It then discusses the authorization of a transcontinental railroad in the US in 1853 to connect the east and west coasts. Two private companies, Union Pacific and Central Pacific, were formed to build the railroad and were given land grants and loans to finance construction. The railroad was completed in 1869, connecting Omaha, Nebraska to Sacramento, California. The document also briefly summarizes Prohibition in the US from 1920 to 1933, when the 18th Amendment banned alcohol but was later repealed by the 21st Amendment in 1933.
3. LA CAPRA
DESCRIZIONE
▸ Mammifero dell’ordine degli ungulati, sottordine artiodattili, famiglia
cavicorni, genere Capra, specie Capra hircus.
▸ Le prime testimonianze del rapporto con l’uomo risalgono a 10-12.000
anni fa. Si è diffusa, partendo dai monti Zagros e dall'altopiano centrale
dell’Iran.
▸ La capra, dopo il cane è stata la prima specie animale allevata dall’uomo
con lo scopo di ricavare un guadagno;
4. LA CAPRA
RAZZE: CAMOSCIATA
DELLE ALPI
▸ Razza originaria della Svizzera;
▸ Taglia medio-grande;
▸ Pelo corto di colore marrone con
riga più scura dalla nuca alla coda
(riga mulina);
▸ Maschi: altezza media 86 cm, peso
di 100 kg;
▸ Femmine: altezza media 74 cm,
peso di 65 kg
5. LA CAPRA
RAZZE: JONICA
▸ Razza: origine della zona Jonica,
allevata nel tarantino in piccoli e
medi allevamenti;
▸ Taglia: medio-grande;
▸ Maschi: peso Kg. 70;
▸ Femmine: peso Kg. 50;
▸ Pelo: bianco lungo a volte con
macchie nere nelle femmine;
6. LA CAPRA
RAZZE: SARDA
▸ Origine: Sardegna;
▸ Abituata a zone non pianeggianti e
montuose;
▸ Taglia media;
▸ Vello: bianco e grigio;
▸ Maschi: altezza media 78 cm, peso
medio 70 kg
7. LA CAPRA
CATEGORIZZAZIONE
‣Capretto: maschio dalla nascita all’inizio della carriera riproduttiva (12-18 mesi);
‣Capretta : femmina dalla nascita all’inizio della carriera riproduttiva (7-10 mesi o più);
‣Capretto da latte : maschio o femmina di 20-40 gg destinato alla macellazione (dieta
esclusivamente lattea);
‣Caprettone : maschio o femmina dallo svezzamento alla macellazione, che avviene a 3-
4 mesi di età;
‣Capra : femmina dopo il primo parto;
‣Becco (o caprone ): maschio da riproduzione.
8. LA CAPRA
ALIMENTAZIONE
‣ La capra è un animale bruciatore che usa foraggi poveri;
ALLATTAMENTO
‣ Il colostro va somministrato 14 entro le prime 2 ore dalla nascita e il restante entro
le 12-15 ore;
‣ L’allattamento può essere naturale o artificiale e può avvenire tramite secchio,
bottiglie, cavallette in allevamenti di media grandezza (meno di 30 capi), con lupa
in allevamenti di grosse dimensioni;
‣ I capretti devono fare 2-3 pasti, assumendo 1,8- 2 litri di latte;
‣ Somministrare fieno dopo 10 giorni
9. LA CAPRA
SVEZZAMENTO
▸L’allevatore inizia lo svezzamento quando l’animale pesa circa
13 kg ed è intorno ai 50-70 giorni di vita;
▸Lo svezzamento può essere:
• brusco se avviene attraverso la lupa e causa stress;
• Graduale: con um metodo che si avvicina a quello naturale
e causa meno rischi di stress;
‣ Durante lo svezzamento, all’alimentazione della capra
vengono aggiunte delle proteine;
10. LA CAPRA
ACCRESCIMENTO
▸ In questa fase l’obiettivo è quello di aumentare il rumine e il peso dell’animale e
per questo l’animale viene nutrito con foraggio e proteine
TIPI DI ALLEVAMENTO:
Allevamento semi intensivo
‣ Vengono usate sia razze da latte, sia razze autoctone;
‣ Pascolano per 7-8 mesi all’anno;
‣ Si alimentano con fieno e proteine;
‣ In Autunno quindi avremo:
11. LA CAPRA
1. Gruppi di capre pronte al parto;
2. Capre ad inizio di gravidanza, munte 2 volte al giorno;
3. Capretti allattati artificialmente
4. Becchi, separati dalle capre che devono essere munte ma insieme alle capre vuote
o che partoriranno in primavera; i becchi verranno poi uniti al gregge in primavera.
Questo tipo di allevamento presenta alcuni
punti deboli:
• Bisogna avere grandi superfici di prato destinato a pascolo;
• Molti uomini a disposizione;
12. LA CAPRA
• Fare molta attenzione all’alimentazione in stalla;
• Rischio elevato di infezioni;
Punti di forza:
• Consumo di fieno ridotto;
• Costi alimentari ridotti;
• Benessere dell’animale;
• Livelli produttivi alti;
13. LA CAPRA
Allevamento intensivo:
‣ Vengono usati razze da latte specializzate;
‣ Gli animali sono sempre in stalla;
‣ Vengono alimentate con fieno e proteine per tutto l’anno
‣ I parti delle pluripare avvengono generalmente tra gennaio e febbraio
‣ Il capretto viene allontanato dalla madre dopo la nascita e svezzato dopo 7-8
settimane;
‣ Le capre che hanno partorito sono munte 2 volte al giorno;
‣ I becchi sono nel branco solo durante il periodo dei calori;
14. LA CAPRA
Questo tipo di allevamento presenta alcuni
punti deboli:
• Consumo annuo di fieno alto;
• Costi alimentari elevati;
• Benessere dell’animale limitato;
Punti di forza:
• Buon controllo alimentare;
• Gestione riproduttiva controllabile;
• Livelli molto elevati
• Minor rischio di infezioni
15. LA CAPRA
Allevamento semiestensivo:
‣ Le capre vengono tenute all’aperto per quasi tutto il giorno e riportate in
stalla di notte restano sempre in stalla solo nei mesi freddi;
‣ Vengono munte la mattina e l sera;
‣ Sono alimentate con fieno e proteine per tutto l’anno;
‣ E’ destinato alla produzione di carne, solo qualche volta di latte;
‣ Questo allevamento viene praticato in zone di campagna e i pascoli sono
recintati;
16. LA CAPRA
Questo tipo di allevamento presenta alcuni
punti di forza:
• Ridotto utilizzo di manodopera;
• Utilizzo di foraggio gratuito;
Punti deboli:
• Presenza di predatori;
• Rari controlli dell’allevatore;
• Maggiori rischi che si facciano male;
• Rischi di carenze alimentari;
17. LA CAPRA
Allevamento estensivo:
▸ Le capre vengono tenute in spazi aperti e in zone con clima mite;
▸ Gli animali non sono controllati;
▸ L’alimentazione è basata sul pascolo;
▸ Le capre producono solo carne;
Questo tipo di allevamento presenta punti positivi e
negativi uguali
PASCOLO:
‣ Le capre vengono portate al pascolo dagli allevatori e lasciate libere di brucare nei campi;
‣ Gli allevatori possono:
• Lasciare le capre sempre libere;
• Lasciare le capre libere solo in alcuni momenti;
18. LA CAPRA
• Maniera mista cioè facendoli pascolare con altri animali;
• maniera notturna cioè lasciando le capre libere durante la notte;
‣ Il pascolo è diverso da zona a zona:
• Alpi: zone aperte e boschi con dirupi e dislivelli;
• Pianura: vicino all’allevamento, per far fare ginnastica all’animale;
• Appennini: altezza medio-alta;
• Fascia mediterranea: macchia mediterranea, arbusti e cespugli.