1. Catheterization has evolved over thousands of years from early bladder catheterizations in ancient Egypt to modern cardiac catheterization techniques.
2. Key developments included the first intravenous injections in animals in the 1600s, the first cardiac catheterization using a horse in 1711, and measuring intracardiac pressures in dogs in 1847.
3. The 20th century saw major advances like the first human cardiac catheterization in 1929, development of angiography using contrast agents in the 1910s-1920s, and the Nobel prize-winning work of Cournand, Richards, and Forssmann in catheterizing the right heart in the 1940s-1950s.
This document provides a timeline of key events in the history of cardiovascular surgery, hemodynamics, and electrophysiology from 2500 BC to 2010 AD. Some of the major developments include:
- 1200 AD - Human cadaver dissections begin, marking the start of anatomy studies.
- 16th century - Ambroise Pare is considered the father of modern surgery for pioneering ligations and sutures of blood vessels.
- 1616 - William Harvey correctly describes the circulation of blood through the heart.
- 19th century - New techniques for anastomosis of blood vessels emerge.
- 1953 - John Gibbon invents the first cardiopulmonary bypass machine.
- 1960
Surgery has a long history, with the earliest known surgeries dating back over 7,000 years to trepanation procedures in Ukraine. Significant developments include ancient Egyptian brain surgery, Sushruta's pioneering of plastic surgery techniques in India in 600 BC, and advances made by Greek physicians like Hippocrates and Galen. In medieval times, surgery declined but was practiced by barbers and monks. Key historical figures helped establish modern surgical principles like controlling bleeding (Pare), understanding anatomy (Vesalius), anesthesia (Morton), antisepsis (Lister), and advances in multiple surgical specialties in the late 19th/early 20th centuries. Major 20th century developments include antibiotics, trans
History of cardiac surgery DR NIKUNJ R SHEKHADA (MBBS,MS GEN SURG ,DNB CTS SR)DR NIKUNJ SHEKHADA
The document provides a history of cardiac surgery from the 19th century to modern times. It discusses early operations on the heart and pericardium in the 19th century. It then covers the development of anesthesia, vascular surgery, cardiac catheterization, and heart-lung bypass machines, which enabled open-heart surgery. Some key events summarized are the first successful cardiac surgery without complications in 1896, the first use of external heart-lung machines in the 1950s, the first open-heart repair under direct vision in 1952, the first coronary artery bypass surgery in 1960, and the first human heart transplant in 1967. The document also discusses the early development of heart valve surgery and prosthetic heart valves.
BRIEF HISTORY OF SURGERY-S1 LECTURE.pptxFeniksRetails
Surgery has evolved significantly from ancient times to modern times. Early surgery lacked anatomical knowledge and was advanced by individuals during wars. Ancient Egyptians and Greeks contributed to early understanding of anatomy and treatment methods. During the Middle Ages, barber-surgeons performed simple procedures and Vesalius helped disprove some of Galen's theories. Major advances in the 19th century included anesthesia, antisepsis, and sterilization. The 20th century saw developments like organ transplantation, minimally invasive techniques, and robotics. Modern surgery is highly specialized and collaborative, involving many related medical and technological fields.
1) Cardiac surgery has evolved significantly from the late 19th century. Early operations on the pericardium took place in the early 19th century but were rarely successful.
2) A major breakthrough was the first successful open-heart surgery performed by John Gibbon in 1953 using the first heart-lung machine. This allowed for direct visualization and repair of cardiac structures.
3) The development of cardiopulmonary bypass by Lillehei in 1954 and the use of mechanical pumps by Kirklin further advanced cardiac surgery by allowing for longer, more complex procedures.
4) Milestones since then include the first coronary artery bypass by Favaloro in 1967, innovations in heart valve surgery and replacement,
Historical developments; Trends n issues; Legal n ethical issues in d field o...Ancy Das
The document summarizes the historical development of cardiology from ancient times to the present. Some of the key milestones included William Harvey's discovery of blood circulation in 1628, the development of the stethoscope in 1819, electrocardiography in the early 1900s, and the creation of the first coronary care unit in 1961. Advances in imaging technologies, cardiac surgery, treatments for arrhythmias and heart failure have dramatically improved outcomes for cardiovascular patients over the decades. Prevention through identification and modification of risk factors is now a major focus of cardiology. The future of the field is expected to include greater use of stem cell therapies, gene therapies and implantable devices.
1. Catheterization has evolved over thousands of years from early bladder catheterizations in ancient Egypt to modern cardiac catheterization techniques.
2. Key developments included the first intravenous injections in animals in the 1600s, the first cardiac catheterization using a horse in 1711, and measuring intracardiac pressures in dogs in 1847.
3. The 20th century saw major advances like the first human cardiac catheterization in 1929, development of angiography using contrast agents in the 1910s-1920s, and the Nobel prize-winning work of Cournand, Richards, and Forssmann in catheterizing the right heart in the 1940s-1950s.
This document provides a timeline of key events in the history of cardiovascular surgery, hemodynamics, and electrophysiology from 2500 BC to 2010 AD. Some of the major developments include:
- 1200 AD - Human cadaver dissections begin, marking the start of anatomy studies.
- 16th century - Ambroise Pare is considered the father of modern surgery for pioneering ligations and sutures of blood vessels.
- 1616 - William Harvey correctly describes the circulation of blood through the heart.
- 19th century - New techniques for anastomosis of blood vessels emerge.
- 1953 - John Gibbon invents the first cardiopulmonary bypass machine.
- 1960
Surgery has a long history, with the earliest known surgeries dating back over 7,000 years to trepanation procedures in Ukraine. Significant developments include ancient Egyptian brain surgery, Sushruta's pioneering of plastic surgery techniques in India in 600 BC, and advances made by Greek physicians like Hippocrates and Galen. In medieval times, surgery declined but was practiced by barbers and monks. Key historical figures helped establish modern surgical principles like controlling bleeding (Pare), understanding anatomy (Vesalius), anesthesia (Morton), antisepsis (Lister), and advances in multiple surgical specialties in the late 19th/early 20th centuries. Major 20th century developments include antibiotics, trans
History of cardiac surgery DR NIKUNJ R SHEKHADA (MBBS,MS GEN SURG ,DNB CTS SR)DR NIKUNJ SHEKHADA
The document provides a history of cardiac surgery from the 19th century to modern times. It discusses early operations on the heart and pericardium in the 19th century. It then covers the development of anesthesia, vascular surgery, cardiac catheterization, and heart-lung bypass machines, which enabled open-heart surgery. Some key events summarized are the first successful cardiac surgery without complications in 1896, the first use of external heart-lung machines in the 1950s, the first open-heart repair under direct vision in 1952, the first coronary artery bypass surgery in 1960, and the first human heart transplant in 1967. The document also discusses the early development of heart valve surgery and prosthetic heart valves.
BRIEF HISTORY OF SURGERY-S1 LECTURE.pptxFeniksRetails
Surgery has evolved significantly from ancient times to modern times. Early surgery lacked anatomical knowledge and was advanced by individuals during wars. Ancient Egyptians and Greeks contributed to early understanding of anatomy and treatment methods. During the Middle Ages, barber-surgeons performed simple procedures and Vesalius helped disprove some of Galen's theories. Major advances in the 19th century included anesthesia, antisepsis, and sterilization. The 20th century saw developments like organ transplantation, minimally invasive techniques, and robotics. Modern surgery is highly specialized and collaborative, involving many related medical and technological fields.
1) Cardiac surgery has evolved significantly from the late 19th century. Early operations on the pericardium took place in the early 19th century but were rarely successful.
2) A major breakthrough was the first successful open-heart surgery performed by John Gibbon in 1953 using the first heart-lung machine. This allowed for direct visualization and repair of cardiac structures.
3) The development of cardiopulmonary bypass by Lillehei in 1954 and the use of mechanical pumps by Kirklin further advanced cardiac surgery by allowing for longer, more complex procedures.
4) Milestones since then include the first coronary artery bypass by Favaloro in 1967, innovations in heart valve surgery and replacement,
Historical developments; Trends n issues; Legal n ethical issues in d field o...Ancy Das
The document summarizes the historical development of cardiology from ancient times to the present. Some of the key milestones included William Harvey's discovery of blood circulation in 1628, the development of the stethoscope in 1819, electrocardiography in the early 1900s, and the creation of the first coronary care unit in 1961. Advances in imaging technologies, cardiac surgery, treatments for arrhythmias and heart failure have dramatically improved outcomes for cardiovascular patients over the decades. Prevention through identification and modification of risk factors is now a major focus of cardiology. The future of the field is expected to include greater use of stem cell therapies, gene therapies and implantable devices.
The document provides a historical overview of parathyroid surgery worldwide and in Puerto Rico. It discusses:
- Early descriptions and cases of parathyroid disease from the 1850s onwards.
- The first parathyroid operations in the 1920s that resulted in successful treatments.
- Famous early cases of hyperparathyroidism including Albert Gahne and Captain Charles Martell.
- The establishment of parathyroid surgery as the standard treatment for hyperparathyroidism by Felix Mandl in the 1920s.
- The history of parathyroid surgery and endocrinology in Puerto Rico from the 1950s onwards, including the first published case series and operations by Drs. Paniagua,
Evolution of Surgery from beginning to todayTanvirIslam94
The document summarizes the evolution of surgery from ancient times to the present. Some key developments include the first trepanation procedures in ancient Egypt, advances during the 19th century like the first use of anesthesia and antiseptics, and modern innovations like laparoscopic and robotic surgery. Major surgical achievements accelerated during each era as knowledge and technology progressed.
This document provides a summary of the history and evolution of surgery. It describes some key developments in ancient surgery from cultures like Egypt, India, and Greece. During the medieval period, surgery declined in the West and barbers and monks performed procedures. Important advances included understanding anatomy, controlling bleeding, anesthesia, antisepsis, and use of x-rays. Major figures who contributed to surgical principles and techniques are highlighted from the 16th to 20th centuries. The modern era saw the growth of specialties and surgical residency programs in the United States. A timeline from 6500 BCE to present day outlines many "firsts" in different surgical procedures and technologies.
Blood banking has evolved significantly over centuries. Early practices included drinking blood for health benefits. The first recorded transfusion was in 1492 but resulted in deaths. Successful animal-to-animal transfusions were performed in the 1600s. Landsteiner discovered the three main blood groups in 1900, greatly advancing safety. During World Wars I and II, innovations like citrate preservation and plastic bags established blood as a transfusion resource. Today, components like plasma and cryoprecipitate are extracted to treat specific conditions. National policies now regulate blood banking in India to ensure safety and availability.
This document provides an overview of the key developments that advanced modern surgery, including improved knowledge of anatomy beginning with Vesalius' work in the 1500s, Ambroise Pare's introduction of ligatures to control bleeding in the 1500s, the discovery of anesthesia allowing for pain-free operations starting with Morton's public demonstration in 1846, and later advances in controlling infection. It traces the slow rise of surgery over thousands of years from a frightening and often fatal practice to the establishment of scientific surgery through standardized training programs and experimental research in the late 19th century.
The document provides a brief history of surgery from ancient times to modern times. It discusses early trephination and dentistry practices dating back thousands of years. It outlines ancient surgical practices and techniques in Egypt, India, Greece, and China. It then discusses the decline of surgery during the Middle Ages and developments in bleeding, infection, anesthesia, transplantation, and minimally invasive techniques in modern surgery. Key individuals and their contributions to advancing the practice of surgery are also mentioned.
A brief History of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)Abhijit Joshi
this presentation traces the early reports of angina, when it was thought to be a disease of the breast, goes on to describe the stepping stones leading to myocardial revascularisation.
The field of cardiology began with William Harvey's discovery of blood circulation in 1628. Key developments include Einthoven's recording of the first electrocardiogram in 1903, Forssman's first cardiac catheterization in 1929, and Gibbon performing the first open-heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass in 1953. Modern techniques include balloon angioplasty, drug-eluting stents, echocardiography, pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and treatments for acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. Continuing subspecialization and preventative measures based on patient characteristics will further improve cardiac care and outcomes.
The history of dialysis began in the 18th century with advances in materials like collodion membranes that could be used for diffusion. In the early 20th century, researchers like Abel and Kolff began developing early dialysis machines. Kolff's 1943 dialyzer was the first working machine used to treat acute renal failure. In 1945, Kolff treated the first patient with end-stage renal disease using hemodialysis, allowing her to regain consciousness. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, dialysis treatment expanded but demand still far exceeded capacity, with challenges in finding long-term treatment for chronic kidney disease patients.
Surgical anatomy of hepatobiliary system by biswajit dekaBiswajit Deka
This document summarizes a seminar on the surgical anatomy of the hepatobiliary system. It begins with an introduction to the liver, gallbladder, and biliary tree. It then discusses the historical background and some key figures. It provides facts about the liver and discusses its embryology and potential congenital anomalies. The remainder of the document details the gross anatomy of the liver including its lobes, ligaments, surfaces, and vascular structures. It then discusses the gallbladder, cystic duct, common bile duct, and variations. It concludes with the functions of the liver and biliary tree.
1. The document traces the evolution of anaesthesia practice from the first successful public demonstration of ether anaesthesia in 1846 to the modern anaesthesia workstation. [2] It discusses the development of various inhalational and intravenous agents as well as advances in airway management, monitoring, and regional anaesthesia techniques. [3] The timeline highlights milestones such as the introduction of muscle relaxants, pulse oximetry, and ultrasound guidance for regional blocks that have transformed anaesthesia into a complex medical specialty focused on patient safety.
This document discusses the history and development of arthroscopy. It begins in 1806 with the first use of tubes with candles for internal examination. Major developments include the first cystoscope in 1879, the first arthroscope and arthroscopy of the knee in 1918, and the introduction of fiber optic lights and motorized shavers in later decades. The document then covers general principles of arthroscopy including necessary instruments, anesthesia methods, indications and contraindications for the procedure, and potential complications.
Carl Koller discovered the local anesthetic properties of cocaine in 1884, allowing for the first procedures using regional anesthesia. Throughout the 19th century, various substances like ether, nitrous oxide, and chloroform were discovered and used to relieve the pain of surgery. John Snow made important advances in anesthetic equipment and monitoring in the 1840s-50s. By the mid-20th century, newer nonflammable inhaled agents replaced ether and cyclopropane.
Historical aspect of transfusion medicinetashagarwal
Transfusion medicine has evolved greatly over centuries from early attempts at blood transfusions in the 15th century that proved fatal, to modern safe practices. Some key developments include the first successful animal-animal transfusion in 1665, first human-human transfusion in 1818, discovery of blood groups in 1901 which aided compatibility testing, development of anticoagulants and storage techniques in the early 20th century, establishment of the first blood bank in 1936, and advances in screening and testing that have made transfusions much safer procedures over the past few decades.
This document discusses the history and evolution of interventional cardiology from early experiments in the 1920s-1970s to modern developments. Some key events and innovations discussed include Andreas Grüntzig performing the first percutaneous coronary balloon angioplasty in 1977, the introduction of drug-eluting stents in the 1990s-2000s, and the emergence of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as a treatment for aortic stenosis beginning in the 2000s. The document also explores future trends in interventional cardiology such as the integration of imaging and physiology, personalized interventions using 3D printing, and the potential for treating mitral regurgitation percutaneously.
This document discusses the history of hemodialysis. It describes how Thomas Graham first presented principles of solute transport across membranes in 1854. Willem Kolff constructed the first working dialyzer in 1943 and successfully treated a patient in renal failure in 1945, though it was initially only intended for acute cases. By the 1960s, dialysis was being used to treat chronic renal failure but demand exceeded capacity, requiring decisions on patient selection.
This document discusses the history of hemodialysis. It describes how Thomas Graham first presented principles of solute transport across membranes in 1854. Willem Kolff constructed the first working dialyzer in 1943 and successfully treated a patient in renal failure in 1945, though it was initially only intended for acute cases. By the 1960s, dialysis was being used to treat chronic renal failure but demand exceeded capacity, requiring decisions on patient selection.
Surgery has evolved greatly over thousands of years from early practices of wound treatment and basic procedures to become a complex medical specialty. The document traces the history of surgery from ancient civilizations like Egypt, India, Greece and Rome where the first depictions and medical texts of surgical practices emerged. It describes the developments during the Renaissance with anatomists like da Vinci and the advances made due to military and non-military surgeons. The modern concepts of antisepsis, anesthesia and hospitals are reviewed along with pioneering surgeons who contributed innovative procedures and improved outcomes. The scope of surgery continues to grow with new techniques and subspecialties arising to address various health issues effectively.
The document provides a historical overview of parathyroid surgery worldwide and in Puerto Rico. It discusses:
- Early descriptions and cases of parathyroid disease from the 1850s onwards.
- The first parathyroid operations in the 1920s that resulted in successful treatments.
- Famous early cases of hyperparathyroidism including Albert Gahne and Captain Charles Martell.
- The establishment of parathyroid surgery as the standard treatment for hyperparathyroidism by Felix Mandl in the 1920s.
- The history of parathyroid surgery and endocrinology in Puerto Rico from the 1950s onwards, including the first published case series and operations by Drs. Paniagua,
Evolution of Surgery from beginning to todayTanvirIslam94
The document summarizes the evolution of surgery from ancient times to the present. Some key developments include the first trepanation procedures in ancient Egypt, advances during the 19th century like the first use of anesthesia and antiseptics, and modern innovations like laparoscopic and robotic surgery. Major surgical achievements accelerated during each era as knowledge and technology progressed.
This document provides a summary of the history and evolution of surgery. It describes some key developments in ancient surgery from cultures like Egypt, India, and Greece. During the medieval period, surgery declined in the West and barbers and monks performed procedures. Important advances included understanding anatomy, controlling bleeding, anesthesia, antisepsis, and use of x-rays. Major figures who contributed to surgical principles and techniques are highlighted from the 16th to 20th centuries. The modern era saw the growth of specialties and surgical residency programs in the United States. A timeline from 6500 BCE to present day outlines many "firsts" in different surgical procedures and technologies.
Blood banking has evolved significantly over centuries. Early practices included drinking blood for health benefits. The first recorded transfusion was in 1492 but resulted in deaths. Successful animal-to-animal transfusions were performed in the 1600s. Landsteiner discovered the three main blood groups in 1900, greatly advancing safety. During World Wars I and II, innovations like citrate preservation and plastic bags established blood as a transfusion resource. Today, components like plasma and cryoprecipitate are extracted to treat specific conditions. National policies now regulate blood banking in India to ensure safety and availability.
This document provides an overview of the key developments that advanced modern surgery, including improved knowledge of anatomy beginning with Vesalius' work in the 1500s, Ambroise Pare's introduction of ligatures to control bleeding in the 1500s, the discovery of anesthesia allowing for pain-free operations starting with Morton's public demonstration in 1846, and later advances in controlling infection. It traces the slow rise of surgery over thousands of years from a frightening and often fatal practice to the establishment of scientific surgery through standardized training programs and experimental research in the late 19th century.
The document provides a brief history of surgery from ancient times to modern times. It discusses early trephination and dentistry practices dating back thousands of years. It outlines ancient surgical practices and techniques in Egypt, India, Greece, and China. It then discusses the decline of surgery during the Middle Ages and developments in bleeding, infection, anesthesia, transplantation, and minimally invasive techniques in modern surgery. Key individuals and their contributions to advancing the practice of surgery are also mentioned.
A brief History of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)Abhijit Joshi
this presentation traces the early reports of angina, when it was thought to be a disease of the breast, goes on to describe the stepping stones leading to myocardial revascularisation.
The field of cardiology began with William Harvey's discovery of blood circulation in 1628. Key developments include Einthoven's recording of the first electrocardiogram in 1903, Forssman's first cardiac catheterization in 1929, and Gibbon performing the first open-heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass in 1953. Modern techniques include balloon angioplasty, drug-eluting stents, echocardiography, pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and treatments for acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. Continuing subspecialization and preventative measures based on patient characteristics will further improve cardiac care and outcomes.
The history of dialysis began in the 18th century with advances in materials like collodion membranes that could be used for diffusion. In the early 20th century, researchers like Abel and Kolff began developing early dialysis machines. Kolff's 1943 dialyzer was the first working machine used to treat acute renal failure. In 1945, Kolff treated the first patient with end-stage renal disease using hemodialysis, allowing her to regain consciousness. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, dialysis treatment expanded but demand still far exceeded capacity, with challenges in finding long-term treatment for chronic kidney disease patients.
Surgical anatomy of hepatobiliary system by biswajit dekaBiswajit Deka
This document summarizes a seminar on the surgical anatomy of the hepatobiliary system. It begins with an introduction to the liver, gallbladder, and biliary tree. It then discusses the historical background and some key figures. It provides facts about the liver and discusses its embryology and potential congenital anomalies. The remainder of the document details the gross anatomy of the liver including its lobes, ligaments, surfaces, and vascular structures. It then discusses the gallbladder, cystic duct, common bile duct, and variations. It concludes with the functions of the liver and biliary tree.
1. The document traces the evolution of anaesthesia practice from the first successful public demonstration of ether anaesthesia in 1846 to the modern anaesthesia workstation. [2] It discusses the development of various inhalational and intravenous agents as well as advances in airway management, monitoring, and regional anaesthesia techniques. [3] The timeline highlights milestones such as the introduction of muscle relaxants, pulse oximetry, and ultrasound guidance for regional blocks that have transformed anaesthesia into a complex medical specialty focused on patient safety.
This document discusses the history and development of arthroscopy. It begins in 1806 with the first use of tubes with candles for internal examination. Major developments include the first cystoscope in 1879, the first arthroscope and arthroscopy of the knee in 1918, and the introduction of fiber optic lights and motorized shavers in later decades. The document then covers general principles of arthroscopy including necessary instruments, anesthesia methods, indications and contraindications for the procedure, and potential complications.
Carl Koller discovered the local anesthetic properties of cocaine in 1884, allowing for the first procedures using regional anesthesia. Throughout the 19th century, various substances like ether, nitrous oxide, and chloroform were discovered and used to relieve the pain of surgery. John Snow made important advances in anesthetic equipment and monitoring in the 1840s-50s. By the mid-20th century, newer nonflammable inhaled agents replaced ether and cyclopropane.
Historical aspect of transfusion medicinetashagarwal
Transfusion medicine has evolved greatly over centuries from early attempts at blood transfusions in the 15th century that proved fatal, to modern safe practices. Some key developments include the first successful animal-animal transfusion in 1665, first human-human transfusion in 1818, discovery of blood groups in 1901 which aided compatibility testing, development of anticoagulants and storage techniques in the early 20th century, establishment of the first blood bank in 1936, and advances in screening and testing that have made transfusions much safer procedures over the past few decades.
This document discusses the history and evolution of interventional cardiology from early experiments in the 1920s-1970s to modern developments. Some key events and innovations discussed include Andreas Grüntzig performing the first percutaneous coronary balloon angioplasty in 1977, the introduction of drug-eluting stents in the 1990s-2000s, and the emergence of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as a treatment for aortic stenosis beginning in the 2000s. The document also explores future trends in interventional cardiology such as the integration of imaging and physiology, personalized interventions using 3D printing, and the potential for treating mitral regurgitation percutaneously.
This document discusses the history of hemodialysis. It describes how Thomas Graham first presented principles of solute transport across membranes in 1854. Willem Kolff constructed the first working dialyzer in 1943 and successfully treated a patient in renal failure in 1945, though it was initially only intended for acute cases. By the 1960s, dialysis was being used to treat chronic renal failure but demand exceeded capacity, requiring decisions on patient selection.
This document discusses the history of hemodialysis. It describes how Thomas Graham first presented principles of solute transport across membranes in 1854. Willem Kolff constructed the first working dialyzer in 1943 and successfully treated a patient in renal failure in 1945, though it was initially only intended for acute cases. By the 1960s, dialysis was being used to treat chronic renal failure but demand exceeded capacity, requiring decisions on patient selection.
Surgery has evolved greatly over thousands of years from early practices of wound treatment and basic procedures to become a complex medical specialty. The document traces the history of surgery from ancient civilizations like Egypt, India, Greece and Rome where the first depictions and medical texts of surgical practices emerged. It describes the developments during the Renaissance with anatomists like da Vinci and the advances made due to military and non-military surgeons. The modern concepts of antisepsis, anesthesia and hospitals are reviewed along with pioneering surgeons who contributed innovative procedures and improved outcomes. The scope of surgery continues to grow with new techniques and subspecialties arising to address various health issues effectively.
Similar to Coronary Artery Bypass Graft EVOLUTION.pptx (20)
VASCULAR RINGS AND SLINGS TYPES HAEMODYNAMICS PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS.pptxJaydeep Malakar
Vascular rings are congenital anomalies where the aorta and its branches completely or incompletely encircle the trachea and esophagus. There are two main types - complete rings which fully encircle the airways and incomplete rings which partially encircle. Common types include double aortic arch, right aortic arch with retroesophageal vessels, and pulmonary artery sling. Clinical features include noisy breathing, cough, wheezing and recurrent respiratory infections in infants and children. Investigations include chest x-ray, CT, MRI and bronchoscopy to identify the specific ring and any tracheal compression. Surgical repair is usually indicated for symptomatic patients to prevent further airway damage.
TRICUSPID VALVE ANATOMY PATHOPHYSIOLOGY INDICATIONS AND INTERVENTIONS.pptxJaydeep Malakar
The document discusses tricuspid valve intervention techniques. It describes Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) which measures tricuspid annular motion and is used to estimate right ventricular function. It discusses approaches to tricuspid valve repair including annuloplasty techniques using rings. It also discusses transcatheter therapies being developed for tricuspid regurgitation including annuloplasty devices and coaptation devices.
NORMAL CORONARY ANATOMY AND ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS SOURCE.pptxJaydeep Malakar
The document discusses normal coronary artery anatomy and angiographic views. It describes the development of the coronary arteries from fish to mammals, coronary blood supply, anatomy including branches and territories, angiographic projections and techniques. Key points include the dual aortic origin of the right and left coronary arteries, their course in the epicardial fat and termination in myocardial capillaries, and the circle and loop theory of coronary artery distribution. Standard angiographic views of the left and right coronary arteries are shown.
This document summarizes the key views and anatomical features seen during coronary angiography. It outlines the 4 main views of the left coronary system - RAO cranial, LAO cranial, RAO caudal, LAO caudal - and describes what branches are seen in each view. It also summarizes the 2 views of the right coronary system - LAO and RAO views. Additional details provided include landmarks for identifying the left main, left circumflex, and left anterior descending coronary arteries. Guidance is given on how the position of the catheter (retracted vs open) determines if the image will be in the RAO or LAO view.
The document discusses inguinal hernia and its management. It defines hernia and inguinal hernia, describing their types as direct or indirect. It details the anatomy of the inguinal region including structures like the inguinal canal, rings, and layers. It also discusses the etiology, risk factors, investigations and classifications of inguinal hernias. The management section summarizes techniques for hernia repair like herniotomy, herniorrhaphy, hernioplasty and laparoscopic repair. It highlights pioneers in the field including Bassini, Shouldice and modifications to their open tension-free techniques.
- Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most important diagnostic tool for evaluating a solitary thyroid nodule, as it is safe, cost-effective, and reliable for differentiating between benign and malignant diseases of the thyroid. Ultrasound-guided FNAC is more accurate than palpation-guided.
- Thyroid imaging with ultrasound and radioactive iodine uptake scans can identify high-risk features that increase the likelihood of malignancy, such as hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications, irregular shape, and lack of iodine uptake in the nodule.
- Cytology results are categorized using the Bethesda or THY classification systems. Suspicious or malignant results
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montreal
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
6. LUCIUS ANNAEUS SENECA
• Ancient Rome.
• 4 BC – 65 AD.
• “Meditatio Mortis”
• Recorded his own anginal symptoms.
7. LEONARDO DA VINCI 1452 – 1519. ITALY / FRANCE.
Accurate drawings of Coronaries from an Ox Heart.
8. GABRIELE FALLOPPIO (1523-2562) ITALY.
• 16th Century Priest and
Anatomist.
• First to demonstrate
human coronary vessels by
Dissection.
9.
10. EDWARD JENNER 1827 ENGLAND.
• Vaccine Pioneer.
• Probable
association of
angina and the
disease of
coronary arteries.
11. ALLAN BURNS 1809 SCOTLAND.
• Postulated that
angina pectoris
occurred as a result
of myocardial
ischemia and
actually observed a
thrombus in the
coronary artery.
12. ADAM HAMMER 1878 GERMANY
General Surgeon and Ophthalmologist.
ANGINA – INFARCTION.
Made the First Ever Diagnosis of Coronary
Thrombosis and Acute Myocardial Infarction in a
Living Patient
15. JAMES HERRICK 1912
• American Physician.
• Clinical Features of
Sudden Occlusion of
Coronary arteries due
to thrombosis was
Published.
16. OFF THE TRACK.
• Sympathetic Ganglionectomy of the Upper thoracic Ganglia– Francois
Franck.
• 1916 – Jonnesco – Bilateral Cervical Sympathectomy. (Decrease Rate,
Decrease Cardiac Work)
• 1901 – Kocher – Patient with angina became asymptomatic after Total
Thyroidectomy.
17. ALEXIS CARREL
• France.
• 1873 – 1944.
• Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912.
• Vascular Suturing Techniques.
18. ALEXIS CARREL
• 1910 – Attempted first Coronary Artery Bypass Graft.
• Experimented on Dogs. (Innominate – Distal Coronary)
• Free Carotid Artery between DTA and Left Coronary Artery.
20. MORE AND MORE HISTORY.
• 1930 – CLAUDE BECK – Cardiopericardiopexy and Poudrage.
• 1934, 1936 ROBERTSON AND GROSS – Venous Drainage of Heart back
to Myocardium.
• Beck I Operation – Ligate Coronary sinus – Collaterals.
• Beck II Operation – Vein between DTA and Coronary Sinus - 2 weeks –
Occlude coronary sinus to produce retrograde coronary blood flow.
24. • 1954 – MURRAY – Direct CABG using Carotid, Axillary and ITA.
• 1956 – CHARLES BAILEY – First Closed Endarterectomy. Without CPB.
• 1957 – SABISTON – Performed Angiographically patent Anastomosis
between ITA and myocardial vessels.
25. WERNER THEODOR OTTO FORSSMANN
• The Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine 1956
26. F MASON SONES (1918-1985)
• Father of Coronary Angiography.
• First Coronary Angio - October 30, 1958.
Cleveland Clinic.
27. ROBERT HANS GOETZ
• Frankfurt Germany
• May 2nd 1960
• First to perform an anastomosis of
the ITA to LAD
28. • Russian Cardiac Surgeon
• February 25 1964
• First CABG
VASILII IVANOVIC KOLESOV
29. MICHEL DABAGHI
• Micheal Ellis DeBakey
• Lebanese American.
• Among the earliest surgeons
to perform CABG.
• Saphenous vein to create an
aorta-coronary artery
bypass
30. RENÉ GERÓNIMO FAVALORO
• Argentina
• July 12, 1923 – July 29, 2000
• Advanced and Standardized CABG
technique.
32. POST CABG ERA
• 1970 – Cardioplegia.
• By 1979 – 1,14,000 CABGs were done in United States alone.
33. Favaloro's work is fundamental to the history of graft selection.
He established the use of bilateral ITAs as superior to vein grafts.
Surgeons examined the use of other arterial grafts—splenic,
gastroepiploic mesenteric, subscapular and others—but none
matched the patency rates of ITA.
34. ALAIN CARPENTIER
In 1971, Carpentier introduced the use of
the radial artery, which was initially prone
to failure, but the development of
harvesting techniques in the following 20
years significantly improved patency.
36. • The introduction of PCI did not obsolesce CABG; rates of both procedures
continued to increase, but PCIs grew more rapidly.
• In the following decades, CABG was extensively studied and compared to
PCI.
• As of 2023, research comparing the two techniques is continuing.
• Meta-analysis published in 2023 suggests that CABG provides a
consistent survival benefit over PCI with drug-eluting stents (DES).
The first photographic camera developed for commercial manufacture was a daguerreotype camera, built by Alphonse Giroux in 1839 French.
Now we come to the Advent of the 20th Century
World war I which lasted between 1914 to 1918 impacted the global scientific community and essentially bought research into CAD to a halt.
In 1929 Werner Forssmann saw a picture in a book showing how a tube was inserted into the heart of a horse through a vein. Forssmann was convinced that a similar experiment could be carried out on people. Despite the fact that his boss forbade him, Forssmann conducted the experiment on himself. This he did by inserting a cannula into his own antecubital vein, through which he passed a catheter for 65 cm and then walked to the X-ray department, where a photograph was taken of the catheter lying in his right atrium. The experiment paved the way for many types of heart studies.