Cornea Replacement Surgery in Mumbai
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What is the Cornea? • The cornea is the transparent, dome-shaped surface of the eye. • It plays a crucial role in focusing vision. Need for Cornea Replacement Surgery • Conditions like keratoconus, corneal scarring, and corneal degeneration may necessitate cornea replacement surgery. • This surgery aims to restore vision and alleviate symptoms.
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Corneal transplant surgery is a critical procedure for restoring vision.Bhalanetra Eye Hospital in Mumbai is renowned for its expertise in this field.Corneal transplant surgery at Bhalanetra Eye Hospital in Mumbai is a life-changing solution for those with corneal issues. T
CORNEAL AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY
This document summarizes corneal and refractive surgery procedures presented by various speakers. It discusses keratoplasty techniques like penetrating keratoplasty and lamellar keratoplasty. It also covers endothelial keratoplasty, limbal stem cell grafting, keratoprostheses, and refractive procedures like LASIK to correct refractive errors. Post-operative complications of various procedures and their management are also summarized.
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Corneal Cross-Linking .pptx
Corneal cross-linking is a treatment for keratoconus that uses riboflavin eye drops and UV light to strengthen the collagen in the cornea. There are two types of cross-linking - epithelium-off which removes the outer corneal layer, and epithelium-on which leaves it intact. Cross-linking adds bonds between collagen fibers to help stabilize the cornea. It is best used early in keratoconus before the cornea becomes severely irregular. Keratoconus causes the cornea to thin and bulge into a cone shape due to weakened collagen from decreased antioxidants. It is diagnosed based on changes in corneal shape and vision problems. Treatment options include glasses, contacts, cross-linking, and
Keratoconus القرنية المخروطية
Keratoconus is a generally bilateral but asymmetric corneal ectasia, which involves thinning of the corneal thickness,
gradual corneal protrusion and irregular astigmatism that is generally progressive and can reach elevated levels.
Onset is normally during puberty with 75% of cases being diagnosed before the age of 25 years. It continues to
progress until the third decade of life, after which progression often slows down. The severity of its progression is
partly associated with how early it appears.
Although evidence on the influence of sex in onset and progression is inconsistent, there appears to be a higher
tendency in males.
Corneal surgery
This document discusses corneal surgery, including corneal refractive surgery and corneal transplant surgery. It describes the different types of corneal refractive surgery, which include flap surgery techniques like LASIK as well as surface procedures like PRK. Corneal transplant surgery, also called keratoplasty, is described as replacing damaged corneal tissue with donor tissue. The different types of keratoplasty like penetrating keratoplasty and lamellar keratoplasty are mentioned. The document provides details on donor corneal preparation and storage, surgical techniques, potential complications, and post-operative care for corneal transplant surgery.
Corneal surgery
This document discusses corneal surgery, including corneal refractive surgery and corneal transplant surgery. It describes the different types of corneal refractive surgery, which include flap surgery techniques like LASIK and surface procedures like PRK. Corneal transplant surgery, also called keratoplasty, is described as replacing damaged corneal tissue with healthy donor tissue. The common techniques used are penetrating keratoplasty and lamellar keratoplasty. The document outlines the donor corneal preparation and storage methods, as well as the surgical techniques and potential complications of corneal transplant surgery.
Eye care
This document discusses various eye care services including cataract surgery, glaucoma, laser vision correction, corneal transplantation, and medical tourism in India. It provides details on procedures like cataract surgery techniques, types of intraocular lenses, corneal transplantation types, LASIK, and Epi-LASIK. It also summarizes why medical tourism is growing in India due to lower costs, world-class facilities, and Arman Healthcare which assists foreign patients with treatment planning and arrangements.
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Corneal transplant surgery is a critical procedure for restoring vision.Bhalanetra Eye Hospital in Mumbai is renowned for its expertise in this field.Corneal transplant surgery at Bhalanetra Eye Hospital in Mumbai is a life-changing solution for those with corneal issues. T
CORNEAL AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY
This document summarizes corneal and refractive surgery procedures presented by various speakers. It discusses keratoplasty techniques like penetrating keratoplasty and lamellar keratoplasty. It also covers endothelial keratoplasty, limbal stem cell grafting, keratoprostheses, and refractive procedures like LASIK to correct refractive errors. Post-operative complications of various procedures and their management are also summarized.
Intacs and corneal collagen cross linking, two new but effective procedures
Eye surgeon creates a thin channel within the cornea to insert Intacs with the help of high-speed Femtosecond Laser beam.
Corneal Cross-Linking .pptx
Corneal cross-linking is a treatment for keratoconus that uses riboflavin eye drops and UV light to strengthen the collagen in the cornea. There are two types of cross-linking - epithelium-off which removes the outer corneal layer, and epithelium-on which leaves it intact. Cross-linking adds bonds between collagen fibers to help stabilize the cornea. It is best used early in keratoconus before the cornea becomes severely irregular. Keratoconus causes the cornea to thin and bulge into a cone shape due to weakened collagen from decreased antioxidants. It is diagnosed based on changes in corneal shape and vision problems. Treatment options include glasses, contacts, cross-linking, and
Keratoconus القرنية المخروطية
Keratoconus is a generally bilateral but asymmetric corneal ectasia, which involves thinning of the corneal thickness,
gradual corneal protrusion and irregular astigmatism that is generally progressive and can reach elevated levels.
Onset is normally during puberty with 75% of cases being diagnosed before the age of 25 years. It continues to
progress until the third decade of life, after which progression often slows down. The severity of its progression is
partly associated with how early it appears.
Although evidence on the influence of sex in onset and progression is inconsistent, there appears to be a higher
tendency in males.
Corneal surgery
This document discusses corneal surgery, including corneal refractive surgery and corneal transplant surgery. It describes the different types of corneal refractive surgery, which include flap surgery techniques like LASIK as well as surface procedures like PRK. Corneal transplant surgery, also called keratoplasty, is described as replacing damaged corneal tissue with donor tissue. The different types of keratoplasty like penetrating keratoplasty and lamellar keratoplasty are mentioned. The document provides details on donor corneal preparation and storage, surgical techniques, potential complications, and post-operative care for corneal transplant surgery.
Corneal surgery
This document discusses corneal surgery, including corneal refractive surgery and corneal transplant surgery. It describes the different types of corneal refractive surgery, which include flap surgery techniques like LASIK and surface procedures like PRK. Corneal transplant surgery, also called keratoplasty, is described as replacing damaged corneal tissue with healthy donor tissue. The common techniques used are penetrating keratoplasty and lamellar keratoplasty. The document outlines the donor corneal preparation and storage methods, as well as the surgical techniques and potential complications of corneal transplant surgery.
Eye care
This document discusses various eye care services including cataract surgery, glaucoma, laser vision correction, corneal transplantation, and medical tourism in India. It provides details on procedures like cataract surgery techniques, types of intraocular lenses, corneal transplantation types, LASIK, and Epi-LASIK. It also summarizes why medical tourism is growing in India due to lower costs, world-class facilities, and Arman Healthcare which assists foreign patients with treatment planning and arrangements.
Keratoconus managment
The document discusses Keratoconus, a degenerative eye disorder where the cornea becomes cone-shaped. It describes types and related diseases of Keratoconus and available treatment options including contact lenses, collagen cross-linking, and surgery. Specific contact lens options for Keratoconus are discussed in detail, including Rose K lenses, ClearKone lenses, and scleral lenses. Fitting approaches and considerations are provided for each lens type.
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This document discusses contact lens fitting following various refractive surgeries. It begins with an introduction to refractive surgeries like radial keratotomy, PRK, LASIK, LASEK, SMILE, and others. It then discusses considerations and techniques for fitting contact lenses after different surgeries, focusing on fitting rigid gas permeable lenses, mini-scleral lenses, and hybrid lenses following procedures like radial keratotomy that can result in irregular astigmatism. The document provides guidance on lens parameters and fitting criteria to achieve a stable, comfortable fit while maintaining corneal health after refractive surgery.
Transplant of cornea
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pachy.pptx
Pachymetry is the measurement of corneal thickness. The central corneal thickness in normal eyes ranges from 0.49 to 0.56 mm. Thicker corneas can indicate endothelial decompensation. Several techniques are used to measure corneal thickness including ultrasonic pachymetry, specular microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and confocal microscopy. Measurement of corneal thickness is important for diagnosing and managing conditions like glaucoma, refractive surgery, and contact lens wear.
Contact lens options in keratoconus hira
Rigid gas permeable lenses are commonly used to correct vision in keratoconus, though some patients cannot tolerate them. Piggyback or hybrid lens systems can improve comfort by combining a rigid lens with a soft lens. Newer options like mini-scleral lenses and Rose K lenses are designed specifically for keratoconus, vaulting the irregular cornea to improve vision. The Boston PROSE treatment also creates a new smooth optical surface over the cornea using customized prosthetic lenses. While fitting lenses for keratoconus can be challenging, contact lenses are often able to restore vision without surgery.
Eye Care Treatments
Neera Eye Hospital in Delhi offers a variety of eye care treatments, including cataract surgery, laser vision correction, corneal transplant surgery, and treatments for conditions like keratoconus, corneal disorders, and strabismus. The hospital provides diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative eye care services and treatments like cataract surgery, laser vision correction, corneal transplant, and treatments for keratoconus, corneal disorders, and strabismus.
Contact lens
This document discusses contact lenses, including their history, advantages over eyeglasses, ideal properties, and materials. Contact lenses are small medical devices that are placed directly on the cornea to correct refractive errors. Some key advantages over eyeglasses are a wider field of view, avoidance of prismatic effects and reflections, and better cosmetic appearance. The ideal contact lens material would provide sufficient oxygen to the cornea, be optically transparent, dimensionally stable, and biocompatible while requiring minimal care. Modern materials include plastics that are easy to manufacture and polish.
Corneal laser surgery
This document discusses various corneal laser surgeries and procedures. It describes corneal cross-linking, which uses UV light and riboflavin to increase corneal stiffness and halt keratoconus progression. It is less invasive than corneal transplantation. Intrastromal corneal rings are also discussed, which are implanted in the corneal stroma to decrease steepening and astigmatism in keratoconus. Refractive surgeries like PRK, LASIK, and SMILE are outlined that use lasers to reshape the cornea. Preoperative evaluation, cryotherapy, and potential complications of procedures are summarized as well.
Options for correction of refractive error
Radial keratotomy, photorefractive keratectomy, laser in-situ keratomileusis, and small incision lenticule extraction are some of the main refractive surgery procedures discussed in the document. These procedures use laser beams, incisions, or intraocular lenses to reshape the cornea and correct refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. The document provides details on how each procedure is performed, the types of refractive errors they can treat, potential risks and complications, and expected recovery times. It also discusses factors considered for different correction options and evaluates patients for suitability before performing refractive eye surgery.
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Recent Advances in treatment of Refractive Error.pptx
Recent advances in treating refractive error include:
1) Scleral contact lenses for irregular corneas or dry eye that move the support point to the sclera and provide constant lubrication.
2) Excimer lasers for refractive surgery allow a high level of accuracy modifying the cornea, though risks require careful patient selection and technique.
3) Clear lens exchange and phakic intraocular lenses effectively treat high refractive errors and ametropia.
Penetrating keratoplasty by pushkar dhir
This document provides information about keratoplasty procedures. It begins with definitions of keratoplasty and different types including penetrating keratoplasty and lamellar keratoplasty. Common indications for keratoplasty are then outlined for optical, tectonic/reconstructive, therapeutic, and cosmetic purposes. Details are provided about donor tissue selection, storage, and contraindications. The preoperative evaluation of recipients is described. Finally, the key steps of the penetrating keratoplasty procedure are summarized, including trephination of the donor and recipient corneas and suturing techniques. Postoperative treatment and potential complications are also mentioned.
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This document discusses the use of bandage contact lenses after refractive surgery procedures like LASIK and PRK. It describes how bandage contact lenses can help reduce pain, promote healing of the epithelium, and prevent complications like striae or epithelial in-growth after surgery. Different types of bandage contact lens materials are reviewed, including hydrogels, silicone hydrogels, collagen shields, and scleral lenses. Factors like oxygen transmissibility, diameter, and disposable versus reusable lenses are discussed when selecting a bandage contact lens. Potential complications are also mentioned.
Orthokeratology
Orthokeratology uses reverse geometry contact lenses to temporarily reshape the cornea overnight and correct refractive errors. It was first reported in 1965 and uses modern reverse geometry lenses made of high Dk materials. Orthokeratology works by inducing peripheral myopic defocus to flatten the central cornea. It is generally used for low to moderate myopia but can also be used for astigmatism and presbyopia. Fitting involves evaluating corneal topography and achieving a fluorescein pattern with central touch and a tear reservoir before overnight wear begins. Orthokeratology has advantages of reversibility and potential to slow myopia progression but requires continued lens wear to maintain effects.
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A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye that restricts light passage and affects vision. Common symptoms include blurred vision, sensitivity to light, and frequent prescription changes. Cataract surgery involves removing the clouded lens and replacing it with an artificial lens through a small incision. The safe outpatient procedure takes about 10 minutes to restore vision and improve quality of life by reducing dependence on eyewear.
Keratoplasty patient education
This document provides information about keratoplasty, also known as corneal transplantation. It begins by describing the cornea and its functions. Conditions that can necessitate a corneal transplant are then outlined, such as scarring, distortions or haziness. The donor cornea procurement process is explained, noting corneas are obtained from eye banks. The surgery is described as replacing the diseased cornea with a healthy donor cornea using fine sutures. Possible short-term complications are infection, wound separation or rejection, which can usually be treated. The recovery process and gradual vision improvement is summarized.
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This document discusses contact lens options for patients who did not achieve optimal vision correction from LASIK or other refractive surgery. It describes the most common types of contact lenses used in these cases, including custom gas permeable lenses, hybrid lenses, scleral lenses, and reverse geometry lenses. Gas permeable lenses maintain their shape on the eye to replace irregular corneal surfaces, while scleral lenses vault over the entire cornea. Hybrid lenses combine the aberration correction of gas permeables with the comfort of soft lenses. Fitting these specialized contact lenses requires skills to address irregular corneal shapes.
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The document discusses Keratoconus, a degenerative eye disorder where the cornea becomes cone-shaped. It describes types and related diseases of Keratoconus and available treatment options including contact lenses, collagen cross-linking, and surgery. Specific contact lens options for Keratoconus are discussed in detail, including Rose K lenses, ClearKone lenses, and scleral lenses. Fitting approaches and considerations are provided for each lens type.
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This document summarizes various refractive procedures for correcting vision problems. It discusses procedures for myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia, including surface ablation, LASIK, phakic implants, clear lens extraction, and conductive keratoplasty. For presbyopia, multifocal lenses, monovision, and intracorneal inlays are addressed. The document was prepared by Kareem Fisal Alnakeeb for the Ophthalmology Department at Mansoura University in Egypt.
pachy.pptx
Pachymetry is the measurement of corneal thickness. The central corneal thickness in normal eyes ranges from 0.49 to 0.56 mm. Thicker corneas can indicate endothelial decompensation. Several techniques are used to measure corneal thickness including ultrasonic pachymetry, specular microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and confocal microscopy. Measurement of corneal thickness is important for diagnosing and managing conditions like glaucoma, refractive surgery, and contact lens wear.
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Rigid gas permeable lenses are commonly used to correct vision in keratoconus, though some patients cannot tolerate them. Piggyback or hybrid lens systems can improve comfort by combining a rigid lens with a soft lens. Newer options like mini-scleral lenses and Rose K lenses are designed specifically for keratoconus, vaulting the irregular cornea to improve vision. The Boston PROSE treatment also creates a new smooth optical surface over the cornea using customized prosthetic lenses. While fitting lenses for keratoconus can be challenging, contact lenses are often able to restore vision without surgery.
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Neera Eye Hospital in Delhi offers a variety of eye care treatments, including cataract surgery, laser vision correction, corneal transplant surgery, and treatments for conditions like keratoconus, corneal disorders, and strabismus. The hospital provides diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative eye care services and treatments like cataract surgery, laser vision correction, corneal transplant, and treatments for keratoconus, corneal disorders, and strabismus.
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This document discusses contact lenses, including their history, advantages over eyeglasses, ideal properties, and materials. Contact lenses are small medical devices that are placed directly on the cornea to correct refractive errors. Some key advantages over eyeglasses are a wider field of view, avoidance of prismatic effects and reflections, and better cosmetic appearance. The ideal contact lens material would provide sufficient oxygen to the cornea, be optically transparent, dimensionally stable, and biocompatible while requiring minimal care. Modern materials include plastics that are easy to manufacture and polish.
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Radial keratotomy, photorefractive keratectomy, laser in-situ keratomileusis, and small incision lenticule extraction are some of the main refractive surgery procedures discussed in the document. These procedures use laser beams, incisions, or intraocular lenses to reshape the cornea and correct refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. The document provides details on how each procedure is performed, the types of refractive errors they can treat, potential risks and complications, and expected recovery times. It also discusses factors considered for different correction options and evaluates patients for suitability before performing refractive eye surgery.
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1) Scleral contact lenses for irregular corneas or dry eye that move the support point to the sclera and provide constant lubrication.
2) Excimer lasers for refractive surgery allow a high level of accuracy modifying the cornea, though risks require careful patient selection and technique.
3) Clear lens exchange and phakic intraocular lenses effectively treat high refractive errors and ametropia.
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This document provides information about keratoplasty procedures. It begins with definitions of keratoplasty and different types including penetrating keratoplasty and lamellar keratoplasty. Common indications for keratoplasty are then outlined for optical, tectonic/reconstructive, therapeutic, and cosmetic purposes. Details are provided about donor tissue selection, storage, and contraindications. The preoperative evaluation of recipients is described. Finally, the key steps of the penetrating keratoplasty procedure are summarized, including trephination of the donor and recipient corneas and suturing techniques. Postoperative treatment and potential complications are also mentioned.
Bandage Contact Lens
This document discusses the use of bandage contact lenses after refractive surgery procedures like LASIK and PRK. It describes how bandage contact lenses can help reduce pain, promote healing of the epithelium, and prevent complications like striae or epithelial in-growth after surgery. Different types of bandage contact lens materials are reviewed, including hydrogels, silicone hydrogels, collagen shields, and scleral lenses. Factors like oxygen transmissibility, diameter, and disposable versus reusable lenses are discussed when selecting a bandage contact lens. Potential complications are also mentioned.
Orthokeratology
Orthokeratology uses reverse geometry contact lenses to temporarily reshape the cornea overnight and correct refractive errors. It was first reported in 1965 and uses modern reverse geometry lenses made of high Dk materials. Orthokeratology works by inducing peripheral myopic defocus to flatten the central cornea. It is generally used for low to moderate myopia but can also be used for astigmatism and presbyopia. Fitting involves evaluating corneal topography and achieving a fluorescein pattern with central touch and a tear reservoir before overnight wear begins. Orthokeratology has advantages of reversibility and potential to slow myopia progression but requires continued lens wear to maintain effects.
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A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye that restricts light passage and affects vision. Common symptoms include blurred vision, sensitivity to light, and frequent prescription changes. Cataract surgery involves removing the clouded lens and replacing it with an artificial lens through a small incision. The safe outpatient procedure takes about 10 minutes to restore vision and improve quality of life by reducing dependence on eyewear.
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This document provides information about keratoplasty, also known as corneal transplantation. It begins by describing the cornea and its functions. Conditions that can necessitate a corneal transplant are then outlined, such as scarring, distortions or haziness. The donor cornea procurement process is explained, noting corneas are obtained from eye banks. The surgery is described as replacing the diseased cornea with a healthy donor cornea using fine sutures. Possible short-term complications are infection, wound separation or rejection, which can usually be treated. The recovery process and gradual vision improvement is summarized.
Cataracts and premium iol's
Cataract surgery is a common outpatient procedure that involves replacing the cloudy natural lens with an artificial lens through mild sedation and topical anesthetic. There are several lens replacement options, including monofocal lenses which often require glasses after surgery, and premium lenses like toric lenses to reduce astigmatism or multifocal lenses that provide distance, intermediate, and near vision with over 80% of patients needing no glasses or contacts after surgery.
contact lens after refractive surgery.pptx
This document discusses contact lens options for patients who did not achieve optimal vision correction from LASIK or other refractive surgery. It describes the most common types of contact lenses used in these cases, including custom gas permeable lenses, hybrid lenses, scleral lenses, and reverse geometry lenses. Gas permeable lenses maintain their shape on the eye to replace irregular corneal surfaces, while scleral lenses vault over the entire cornea. Hybrid lenses combine the aberration correction of gas permeables with the comfort of soft lenses. Fitting these specialized contact lenses requires skills to address irregular corneal shapes.
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Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
All about shoulder Joint ..
All about shoulder joint , Anatomy ,Examination, Special tests and radiology.
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montrealCall Girls In Mumbai +91-7426014248 High Profile Call Girl Mumbai
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Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International Travelers
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
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Obesity is a chronic complex disease defined by excessive fat deposits that can impair health.
What are the different types of Dental implants.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s Perspective
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and Synonyms
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
Top Travel Vaccinations in Manchester
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
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Cornea Replacement Surgery in Mumbai
- 2. Introduction What is the Cornea? • The cornea is the transparent, dome-shaped surface of the eye. • It plays a crucial role in focusing vision. Need for Cornea Replacement Surgery • Conditions like keratoconus, corneal scarring, and corneal degeneration may necessitate cornea replacement surgery. • This surgery aims to restore vision and alleviate symptoms.
- 3. Cornea Replacement Surgery 01 03 02 04 Types of Cornea Cornea Replacement Procedure and Recovery Benefits and Risks
- 5. Types of Cornea Penetrating Keratoplasty • Full-thickness corneal transplant. • The entire damaged cornea is replaced with a healthy donor cornea. • Partial-thickness transplant. • Only the inner layer of the cornea is replaced. • Similar to DSEK but involves a thinner transplant. • Faster visual recovery and lower risk of rejection compared to DSEK. 1 2 3 Descemet’s Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty Descemet’s Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
- 7. Why Mumbai best for Cornea Replacement Surgery? • Mumbai boasts world-class healthcare facilities. • Renowned eye hospitals with experienced surgeons. • Accessible location for domestic and international patients.
- 9. Procedure and Recovery Pre-Operative Preparation • Comprehensive eye examination. • Evaluation of overall health. • Discussion of surgical options and risks. Surgery Process • Removal of damaged cornea. • Transplantation of donor cornea. • Suturing or adhesive to secure the new cornea.
- 11. Risks • Risk of rejection. • Infection. • Astigmatism or other refractive errors. • Improved vision. • Relief from symptoms like blurred vision and glare. • Enhanced quality of life. Benefits Benefits and Risks
- 12. • Cornea replacement surgery offers hope and restoration for individuals suffering from various corneal conditions. • Mumbai, with its state-of-the-art medical infrastructure and skilled ophthalmologists, stands as a beacon of excellence in providing this specialized treatment. • Through advancements in surgical techniques and post- operative care, patients can experience significant improvements in vision and overall quality of life. Conclusion
- 13. Bhalanetra Super Speciality Eye Hospital Mumbai Contact Address : Shop Number 5-8, Sachdeva complex, Jangal Mangal Rd, Battipada, Bhandup West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400078 Book an Appointment : +91-9833976577 Book an Online Appointment : https://www.eyehospitalmumbai.com/