COPD is a progressive lung disease characterized by breathlessness and airflow limitation. It affects over 174 million people globally as of 2015. The main risk factors for COPD include smoking tobacco, exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution, and genetic conditions. While COPD has no cure, treatment can help manage symptoms and slow progression. Exacerbations, or sudden worsening of COPD symptoms, are usually caused by respiratory infections and exposure to environmental pollutants. Exacerbations can be prevented by reducing risk factors and treated through medications and pulmonary rehabilitation.