Multi-agent systems (MAS) provide a well-founded approach to the engineering of situated systems, where governing the interaction of a multiplicity of autonomous, distributed components with the environment represents one of the most critical issues. By interpreting situatedness as a coordination issue, in this paper we describe the TuCSoN coordination architecture for situated MAS, and show how the corresponding TuCSoN coordination technology can be effectively used for engineering MAS environment.
[Talk @ IDCS 2014 – Calabria, Italy, 23/9/2014]
TuCSoN on Cloud: An Event-driven Architecture for Embodied / Disembodied Coor...Andrea Omicini
The next generation of computational systems is going to mix up pervasive scenarios with cloud computing, with both intelligent and non-intelligent agents working as the reference component abstractions. A uniform set of MAS abstractions expressive enough to deal with both embodied and disembodied computation is required, in particular when dealing with the complexity of interaction. Along this line, in this paper we define an event-driven coordination architecture, along with a coherent event model, and test it upon the TuCSoN model and technology for MAS coordination.
This document provides a summary of the Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK). It was created by the IEEE Computer Society to establish a baseline for the body of knowledge in the field of software engineering. The guide compiles and organizes essential knowledge areas in software engineering that have developed over the past four decades. It is intended to serve as a compendium and guide to the evolving body of knowledge in the field. The guide contains 12 chapters that cover key topics in software engineering such as requirements, design, construction, testing, maintenance, configuration management, engineering management, processes, tools and methods, quality, and related disciplines.
Este documento presenta los resultados de una encuesta de seguimiento a 304 egresados del Instituto Técnico Industrial de Florencia, Caquetá. Incluye información general sobre las promociones, género, edades y especialidades de los egresados, así como detalles sobre su residencia, actividad y profesión actuales. También analiza si la formación recibida les ha servido para desempeñarse laboralmente y si han continuado estudios universitarios. Finalmente, indaga sobre su situación laboral actual y la relación entre esta y su especialidad técnica
This thesis evaluates the effects of mergers and acquisitions on acquiring companies located in the UK and Scandinavia. An event study approach is used to analyze daily stock prices up to one year after the event and operating measures up to three years after. Both parametric and non-parametric statistical tests are used. The results show that in most cases no abnormal performance could be detected, indicating mergers do not positively or negatively affect acquiring firms. In some cases, abnormal performance was detected and was mostly negative, showing value loss for acquirers. In the short term around announcement, stock prices showed some positive abnormal returns. Differences between strategic rationales for mergers were also examined but few conclusions could be drawn about some strategies outperforming others
TuCSoN Coordination for MAS Situatedness: Towards a MethodologyAndrea Omicini
This document discusses the TuCSoN (Tuple Centres over Networks) coordination model and architecture for developing multi-agent systems (MAS) that exhibit situatedness. It presents TuCSoN's meta-model which represents activities, environment changes, dependencies, and events. The TuCSoN architecture supports coordination between agents and environment through agent coordination contexts (ACCs), transducers for environmental probes, ReSpecT events, and tuple centers. It also describes how agents and probes can interact with tuple centers asynchronously through ACCs and transducers to enable situated coordination in the MAS.
Event-driven Programming for Situated MAS with ReSpecT Tuple CentresStefano Mariani
We advocate the role of tuple-based coordination languages as effective tools for event-driven programming of situated multi-agent systems (MAS). By focussing on logic-based coordination artefacts, we discuss the benefits of exploiting ReSpecT tuple centres as event-driven abstractions for MAS coordination.
Open distributed multi-agent systems featuring autonomous components demand coordination mechanisms for both functional and non-functional properties. Heterogeneity of requirements regarding interaction means and paradigms, stemming from the diverse nature of components, should not affect the effectiveness of coordination. Along this line, in this paper we share our pragmatical experience in the integration of objective and subjective, synchronous and asynchronous, reactive and pro-active coordination approaches within two widely-adopted agent-oriented technologies (JADE and Jason), enabling coordinating components to dynamically adapt their interaction means based on static preference or run-time contingencies.
TuCSoN on Cloud: An Event-driven Architecture for Embodied / Disembodied Coor...Andrea Omicini
The next generation of computational systems is going to mix up pervasive scenarios with cloud computing, with both intelligent and non-intelligent agents working as the reference component abstractions. A uniform set of MAS abstractions expressive enough to deal with both embodied and disembodied computation is required, in particular when dealing with the complexity of interaction. Along this line, in this paper we define an event-driven coordination architecture, along with a coherent event model, and test it upon the TuCSoN model and technology for MAS coordination.
This document provides a summary of the Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK). It was created by the IEEE Computer Society to establish a baseline for the body of knowledge in the field of software engineering. The guide compiles and organizes essential knowledge areas in software engineering that have developed over the past four decades. It is intended to serve as a compendium and guide to the evolving body of knowledge in the field. The guide contains 12 chapters that cover key topics in software engineering such as requirements, design, construction, testing, maintenance, configuration management, engineering management, processes, tools and methods, quality, and related disciplines.
Este documento presenta los resultados de una encuesta de seguimiento a 304 egresados del Instituto Técnico Industrial de Florencia, Caquetá. Incluye información general sobre las promociones, género, edades y especialidades de los egresados, así como detalles sobre su residencia, actividad y profesión actuales. También analiza si la formación recibida les ha servido para desempeñarse laboralmente y si han continuado estudios universitarios. Finalmente, indaga sobre su situación laboral actual y la relación entre esta y su especialidad técnica
This thesis evaluates the effects of mergers and acquisitions on acquiring companies located in the UK and Scandinavia. An event study approach is used to analyze daily stock prices up to one year after the event and operating measures up to three years after. Both parametric and non-parametric statistical tests are used. The results show that in most cases no abnormal performance could be detected, indicating mergers do not positively or negatively affect acquiring firms. In some cases, abnormal performance was detected and was mostly negative, showing value loss for acquirers. In the short term around announcement, stock prices showed some positive abnormal returns. Differences between strategic rationales for mergers were also examined but few conclusions could be drawn about some strategies outperforming others
TuCSoN Coordination for MAS Situatedness: Towards a MethodologyAndrea Omicini
This document discusses the TuCSoN (Tuple Centres over Networks) coordination model and architecture for developing multi-agent systems (MAS) that exhibit situatedness. It presents TuCSoN's meta-model which represents activities, environment changes, dependencies, and events. The TuCSoN architecture supports coordination between agents and environment through agent coordination contexts (ACCs), transducers for environmental probes, ReSpecT events, and tuple centers. It also describes how agents and probes can interact with tuple centers asynchronously through ACCs and transducers to enable situated coordination in the MAS.
Event-driven Programming for Situated MAS with ReSpecT Tuple CentresStefano Mariani
We advocate the role of tuple-based coordination languages as effective tools for event-driven programming of situated multi-agent systems (MAS). By focussing on logic-based coordination artefacts, we discuss the benefits of exploiting ReSpecT tuple centres as event-driven abstractions for MAS coordination.
Open distributed multi-agent systems featuring autonomous components demand coordination mechanisms for both functional and non-functional properties. Heterogeneity of requirements regarding interaction means and paradigms, stemming from the diverse nature of components, should not affect the effectiveness of coordination. Along this line, in this paper we share our pragmatical experience in the integration of objective and subjective, synchronous and asynchronous, reactive and pro-active coordination approaches within two widely-adopted agent-oriented technologies (JADE and Jason), enabling coordinating components to dynamically adapt their interaction means based on static preference or run-time contingencies.
Coordination for Situated MAS: Towards an Event-driven ArchitectureAndrea Omicini
Complex software systems modelled as multi-agent systems (MAS) are characterised by activities that are generated either by agents, or by the environment in its most general acceptation — that is, environmental resources and the spatio-temporal fabric. Modelling and engineering complex MAS – such as pervasive, adaptive, and situated MAS – requires then to properly handle diverse classes of events: agent operations, resource events, spatio-temporal situation. In this talk we first devise out the requirements and sketch a software architecture for an agent middleware based on boundary artefacts such as agent coordination contexts, resource transducers, and space-time transducers. Then we discuss its system architecture exploiting agent, environment & space-time managers, and show some examples of a concrete architecture based on the TuCSoN middleware for MAS coordination.
Nature-inspired Coordination: Current Status and Research TrendsAndrea Omicini
Tutorial @WI 2017, Leipzig, 23 August 2017
Andrea Omicini & Stefano Mariani, Lecturers
Originating from closed parallel systems, coordination models and technologies gained in expressive power so as to deal with complex distributed systems. In particular, nature-inspired models of coordination emerged in the last decade as the most effective approaches to tackle the complexity of pervasive, intelligent, and self-* systems.
In the first part of the tutorial we introduce the basic notions of coordination and coordination model, and relate them to the notions of interaction and complexity. Then, the most relevant nature-inspired coordination (NIC) models are discussed, along with their relationship with the many facets of tuple-based models. In the third part we discuss the main open issues and explore the trends for future development of NIC. Finally, as a case study, we focus on MoK (Molecules of Knowledge), a NIC model for knowledge self-organisation, where data and information autonomously aggregate and spread toward knowledge prosumers.
Event-Based vs. Multi-Agent Systems: Towards a Unified Conceptual Framework. ...Andrea Omicini
Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) and Event-Based Systems (EBS) are two fundamental paradigms for the engineering of complex software systems. In this talk, we summarise the most important features of the MAS and EBS, and discuss how they could be integrated within a unified conceptual framework. The resulting framework could work as the foundation of a principled discipline for the engineering of complex software systems, by promoting a coherent integration of agent-based and event-based abstractions, languages, technologies, and methods.
Representing and Engineering Ho Chi Minh City Tsunami Plan by Means of Proces...Thuyloi University
The document presents an approach to model Ho Chi Minh City's tsunami crisis management plan as a workflow process. It involves representing the textual plan using BPMN, simulating the response plan using the YAWL workflow system, and mining the process using ProM. The goals are to analyze and improve crisis coordination and management by making plans more structured and amenable to simulation.
1) The document discusses using value stream mapping (VSM) to model value in construction processes and implement lean principles.
2) It provides an example current state VSM for a concrete foundation process and develops 3 future state maps with improvements.
3) The future state maps reduce waste by shortening lead times, decreasing inventory levels, combining activities, and balancing flow.
Blending Event-Based and Multi-Agent Systems around Coordination AbstractionsAndrea Omicini
While event-based architectural style has become prevalent for large-scale distributed applications, multi-agent systems seemingly provide the most viable abstractions to deal with complex distributed systems. In this talk we discuss the role of coordination abstractions as a basic brick for a unifying conceptual framework for agent-based and event-based systems, which could work as the foundation of a principled discipline for the engineering of complex software systems.
[Talk by Stefano Mariani @ COORDINATION 2015, 3/6/3015, Grenoble, France]
Event-Based vs. Multi-Agent Systems: Towards a Unified Conceptual FrameworkAndrea Omicini
Event-based systems (EBS) are nowadays the most viable sources of technologies and solutions for large-scale distributed applications. On the other hand, multi-agent systems (MAS) apparently provide the most viable abstractions and coherent methods to deal with complex distributed systems, in particular when advanced features – such as mobility, autonomy, symbolic reasoning, knowledge management, situation recognition – are required. In this talk we discuss how the core concepts of EBS and MAS can in principle be matched and integrated, providing a sound conceptual ground for a coherent discipline for the engineering of complex software systems.
[Keynote Speech @ IEEE CSCWD 2015, May 6, 2015, Calabria, Italy]
Cesar working document 7 urban strategy experiment 5Marco
This working document reports on a randomized controlled experiment that tested the influence of different process strategies on the added value of an urban planning support system (PSS) called Urban Strategy. The experiment involved dividing students into control and treatment groups to complete a planning task. Treatment A involved full PSS support with a mediator structuring the process as brainstorm-analyze-feedback-redesign. Treatment B involved the same full support but with the process structured as personal thinking-analyze-role based redesign. Evaluation results found that Treatment B scored higher than A on most perceived quality dimensions, though few differences were statistically significant. Sensitivity to the treatments varied by participant background, with environmental/transport engineering students more positive about Treatment B's process quality and us
PLANNING BASED ON CLASSIFICATION BY INDUCTION GRAPHcsandit
In Artificial Intelligence, planning refers to an area of research that proposes to develop
systems that can automatically generate a result set, in the form of an integrated decisionmaking
system through a formal procedure, known as plan. Instead of resorting to the
scheduling algorithms to generate plans, it is proposed to operate the automatic learning by
decision tree to optimize time. In this paper, we propose to build a classification model by
induction graph from a learning sample containing plans that have an associated set of
descriptors whose values change depending on each plan. This model will then operate for
classifying new cases by assigning the appropriate plan.
Novel Opportunities for Tuple-based Coordination: XPath, the Blockchain, and ...Andrea Omicini
The increasing maturity of some well-established technologies – such as XPath – along with the sharp rise of brand-new ones – i.e. the blockchain – presents new opportunities to researchers in the field of multi-agent coordination. In this talk we briefly discuss a few technologies which, once suitably interpreted and integrated, have the potential to impact the very roots of tuple-based coordination as it stems from the archetypal LINDA model.
A Co-Design Prototyping Approach For Building A Precinct Planning ToolScott Donald
This document describes the development of a new precinct planning tool called the Envision Scenario Planner (ESP) using a co-design prototyping approach. The tool is being developed to assist with planning for infill development and densification in Australian cities. An initial workshop exposed planning experts to a prototype of the tool to refine its workflows and functionality. Subsequent iterations will be tested with larger audiences to validate and improve the tool. The document outlines the need for an effective precinct planning tool and reviews existing related tools. It introduces the co-design approach being used to develop ESP to ensure it is practical and useful for end users.
Complexity is an inherent property of all systems and a result of interconnections. In projects various
systems come together to deliver the required outcome(s). The most common type of project complexity
mentioned / considered in practice is the technical complexity and this has always been considered a main
factor which affects project performance. Despite that, projects are delivered by people who interface
continuously and therefore are effected by complexity, and in particular that caused by socio-organo
interfaces and the boundaries between the various teams and parties. This has not been investigated.
Socio-organo complexity leads to reduction in performance if interconnections are not managed. Research
has been carried out to understand the effects of complexity through project management processes on
project schedule and performance, aiming towards the development of a tool and identification of actions
that will enable the management of these effects. The author presents results of five case studies, which
demonstrate that socio-organo complexity affects performance and these results have similarities with the
behaviour of underdamped control systems. The results have significant implications on the way socioorganisational complexity can be managed, how processes are implemented, but also enable parallels to
be drawn between the fields of project management and control systems. Considering control systems
theory proposals are made in this paper for actions to be taken which will contribute towards the
management of the effects of socio-organo complexity on projects.
SOCIO-ORGANO COMPLEXITY, PROJECT SCHEDULE PERFORMANCE AND UNDERDAMPED TRANSIE...ijccmsjournal
Complexity is an inherent property of all systems and a result of interconnections. In projects various systems come together to deliver the required outcome(s). The most common type of project complexity mentioned / considered in practice is the technical complexity and this has always been considered a main factor which affects project performance. Despite that, projects are delivered by people who interface continuously and therefore are effected by complexity, and in particular that caused by socio-organo interfaces and the boundaries between the various teams and parties. This has not been investigated. Socio-organo complexity leads to reduction in performance if interconnections are not managed. Research has been carried out to understand the effects of complexity through project management processes on project schedule and performance, aiming towards the development of a tool and identification of actions that will enable the management of these effects
SOCIO-ORGANO COMPLEXITY, PROJECT SCHEDULE PERFORMANCE AND UNDERDAMPED TRANSI...ijccmsjournal
Complexity is an inherent property of all systems and a result of interconnections. In projects various
systems come together to deliver the required outcome(s). The most common type of project complexity
mentioned / considered in practice is the technical complexity and this has always been considered a main
factor which affects project performance. Despite that, projects are delivered by people who interface
continuously and therefore are effected by complexity, and in particular that caused by socio-organo
interfaces and the boundaries between the various teams and parties. This has not been investigated.
Socio-organo complexity leads to reduction in performance if interconnections are not managed. Research
This document summarizes research investigating the relationship between socio-organizational complexity and project schedule performance. Five case studies of construction projects were conducted that measured complexity characteristics affecting weekly project performance. The results showed that as the number of complexity characteristics increased, the weekly drop in project performance also increased. Specifically, as complexity rose, planned durations were not being achieved, with only around 50-60% of planned durations actually completed across the case studies. This relationship between rising complexity and decreasing performance over time resembles the behavior of an underdamped control system, rather than an exponential decay curve as previously thought. The research findings have implications for how socio-organizational complexity can be managed to improve project schedule performance.
International Journal of Chaos, Control, Modelling and Simulation (IJCCMS)ijccmsjournal
Complexity is an inherent property of all systems and a result of interconnections. In projects various
systems come together to deliver the required outcome(s). The most common type of project complexity
mentioned / considered in practice is the technical complexity and this has always been considered a main
factor which affects project performance. Despite that, projects are delivered by people who interface
continuously and therefore are effected by complexity, and in particular that caused by socio-organo
interfaces and the boundaries between the various teams and parties.
SOCIO-ORGANO COMPLEXITY, PROJECT SCHEDULE PERFORMANCE AND UNDERDAMPED TRANSI...ijccmsjournal
Complexity is an inherent property of all systems and a result of interconnections. In projects various
systems come together to deliver the required outcome(s). The most common type of project complexity
mentioned / considered in practice is the technical complexity and this has always been considered a main
factor which affects project performance. Despite that, projects are delivered by people who interface
continuously and therefore are effected by complexity, and in particular that caused by socio-organo
interfaces and the boundaries between the various teams and parties. This has not been investigated.
Socio-organo complexity leads to reduction in performance if interconnections are not managed. Research
has been carried out to understand the effects of complexity through project management processes on
project schedule and performance, aiming towards the development of a tool and identification of actions
that will enable the management of these effects. The author presents results of five case studies, which
demonstrate that socio-organo complexity affects performance and these results have similarities with the
behaviour of underdamped control systems. The results have significant implications on the way socioorganisational complexity can be managed, how processes are implemente
Complexity is an inherent property of all systems and a result of interconnections. In projects various
systems come together to deliver the required outcome(s). The most common type of project complexity
mentioned / considered in practice is the technical complexity and this has always been considered a main
factor which affects project performance. Despite that, projects are delivered by people who interface
continuously and therefore are effected by complexity, and in particular that caused by socio-organo
interfaces and the boundaries between the various teams and parties. This has not been investigated.
Socio-organo complexity leads to reduction in performance if interconnections are not managed. Research
has been carried out to understand the effects of complexity through project management processes on
project schedule and performance, aiming towards the development of a tool and identification of actions
that will enable the management of these effects. The author presents results of five case studies, which
demonstrate that socio-organo complexity affects performance and these results have similarities with the
behaviour of underdamped control systems. The results have significant implications on the way socioorganisational complexity can be managed, how processes are implemented, but also enable parallels to
be drawn between the fields of project management and control systems. Considering control systems
theory proposals are made in this paper for actions to be taken which will contribute towards the
management of the effects of socio-organo complexity on projects.
SOCIO-ORGANO COMPLEXITY, PROJECT SCHEDULE PERFORMANCE AND UNDERDAMPED TRANSIE...ijccmsjournal
This document summarizes research investigating the relationship between socio-organizational complexity and project schedule performance. Five case studies of construction projects were conducted that measured complexity characteristics affecting weekly project performance. The results showed that as the number of complexity characteristics increased, the weekly drop in project performance also increased. Specifically, as complexity rose, planned durations were not being achieved, with only around 50-60% of planned durations actually completed across the case studies. This relationship between rising complexity and decreasing performance over time resembles the behavior of an underdamped control system, rather than an exponential decay curve as previously thought. The research findings have implications for how socio-organizational complexity can be managed to improve project schedule performance.
Promoting Space-Aware Coordination: ReSpecT as a Spatial Computing Virtual Ma...Stefano Mariani
This document discusses promoting space-aware coordination using ReSpecT as a spatial computing virtual machine. It motivates the need for software systems to be situated in space. ReSpecT is introduced as a coordination language that can be extended with spatial constructs to support spatial computing requirements. The document proposes extensions to ReSpecT called stReSpecT that add spatial awareness by allowing reactions to be triggered by spatial events and including spatial guards. It argues stReSpecT satisfies requirements for measuring, manipulating and computing on space. A benchmark program called the "T-Program" is described that requires these capabilities. The document outlines how stReSpecT could implement parts of the T-Program to set up a local coordinate system and arrange nodes
Measuring Trustworthiness in Neuro-Symbolic IntegrationAndrea Omicini
This document discusses measuring trustworthiness in neuro-symbolic integration systems. It begins by providing background on neuro-symbolic integration systems and how they integrate neural and symbolic AI approaches. It then discusses the public and regulatory focus on ensuring the trustworthiness of AI systems. The document motivates the need to define metrics to measure how well neuro-symbolic systems meet requirements for trustworthy AI, as requirements alone may not be enough without metrics. It proposes exploring how to translate and measure compliance with requirements for areas like human oversight, robustness, and privacy in the context of neuro-symbolic systems.
Explainable Pervasive Intelligence with Self-explaining AgentsAndrea Omicini
Pervasiveness of ICT resources along with the promise of ubiquitous intelligence is pushing hard both our demand and our fears of AI: demand mandates for the ability to inject intelligence ubiquitously; fears compel the behaviour of intelligent systems to be observable, explainable, and accountable. Whereas the first wave of the new "AI Era" was mostly heralded by sub-symbolic approaches, features like explainability are better provided by symbolic techniques. In particular, the notion of explanation should be regarded as a core notion for intelligent systems, rather than just an add-on to make them understandable to humans. Based on symbolic AI techniques to match intuitive and rational cognition, explanation should then be regarded as a fundamental tool for inter-agent communication among heterogeneous intelligent agents in open multi-agent systems. More generally, self-explaining agents should work as the basic components in the engineering of intelligent systems integrating both symbolic and sub-/non-symbolic AI techniques.
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Coordination for Situated MAS: Towards an Event-driven ArchitectureAndrea Omicini
Complex software systems modelled as multi-agent systems (MAS) are characterised by activities that are generated either by agents, or by the environment in its most general acceptation — that is, environmental resources and the spatio-temporal fabric. Modelling and engineering complex MAS – such as pervasive, adaptive, and situated MAS – requires then to properly handle diverse classes of events: agent operations, resource events, spatio-temporal situation. In this talk we first devise out the requirements and sketch a software architecture for an agent middleware based on boundary artefacts such as agent coordination contexts, resource transducers, and space-time transducers. Then we discuss its system architecture exploiting agent, environment & space-time managers, and show some examples of a concrete architecture based on the TuCSoN middleware for MAS coordination.
Nature-inspired Coordination: Current Status and Research TrendsAndrea Omicini
Tutorial @WI 2017, Leipzig, 23 August 2017
Andrea Omicini & Stefano Mariani, Lecturers
Originating from closed parallel systems, coordination models and technologies gained in expressive power so as to deal with complex distributed systems. In particular, nature-inspired models of coordination emerged in the last decade as the most effective approaches to tackle the complexity of pervasive, intelligent, and self-* systems.
In the first part of the tutorial we introduce the basic notions of coordination and coordination model, and relate them to the notions of interaction and complexity. Then, the most relevant nature-inspired coordination (NIC) models are discussed, along with their relationship with the many facets of tuple-based models. In the third part we discuss the main open issues and explore the trends for future development of NIC. Finally, as a case study, we focus on MoK (Molecules of Knowledge), a NIC model for knowledge self-organisation, where data and information autonomously aggregate and spread toward knowledge prosumers.
Event-Based vs. Multi-Agent Systems: Towards a Unified Conceptual Framework. ...Andrea Omicini
Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) and Event-Based Systems (EBS) are two fundamental paradigms for the engineering of complex software systems. In this talk, we summarise the most important features of the MAS and EBS, and discuss how they could be integrated within a unified conceptual framework. The resulting framework could work as the foundation of a principled discipline for the engineering of complex software systems, by promoting a coherent integration of agent-based and event-based abstractions, languages, technologies, and methods.
Representing and Engineering Ho Chi Minh City Tsunami Plan by Means of Proces...Thuyloi University
The document presents an approach to model Ho Chi Minh City's tsunami crisis management plan as a workflow process. It involves representing the textual plan using BPMN, simulating the response plan using the YAWL workflow system, and mining the process using ProM. The goals are to analyze and improve crisis coordination and management by making plans more structured and amenable to simulation.
1) The document discusses using value stream mapping (VSM) to model value in construction processes and implement lean principles.
2) It provides an example current state VSM for a concrete foundation process and develops 3 future state maps with improvements.
3) The future state maps reduce waste by shortening lead times, decreasing inventory levels, combining activities, and balancing flow.
Blending Event-Based and Multi-Agent Systems around Coordination AbstractionsAndrea Omicini
While event-based architectural style has become prevalent for large-scale distributed applications, multi-agent systems seemingly provide the most viable abstractions to deal with complex distributed systems. In this talk we discuss the role of coordination abstractions as a basic brick for a unifying conceptual framework for agent-based and event-based systems, which could work as the foundation of a principled discipline for the engineering of complex software systems.
[Talk by Stefano Mariani @ COORDINATION 2015, 3/6/3015, Grenoble, France]
Event-Based vs. Multi-Agent Systems: Towards a Unified Conceptual FrameworkAndrea Omicini
Event-based systems (EBS) are nowadays the most viable sources of technologies and solutions for large-scale distributed applications. On the other hand, multi-agent systems (MAS) apparently provide the most viable abstractions and coherent methods to deal with complex distributed systems, in particular when advanced features – such as mobility, autonomy, symbolic reasoning, knowledge management, situation recognition – are required. In this talk we discuss how the core concepts of EBS and MAS can in principle be matched and integrated, providing a sound conceptual ground for a coherent discipline for the engineering of complex software systems.
[Keynote Speech @ IEEE CSCWD 2015, May 6, 2015, Calabria, Italy]
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This working document reports on a randomized controlled experiment that tested the influence of different process strategies on the added value of an urban planning support system (PSS) called Urban Strategy. The experiment involved dividing students into control and treatment groups to complete a planning task. Treatment A involved full PSS support with a mediator structuring the process as brainstorm-analyze-feedback-redesign. Treatment B involved the same full support but with the process structured as personal thinking-analyze-role based redesign. Evaluation results found that Treatment B scored higher than A on most perceived quality dimensions, though few differences were statistically significant. Sensitivity to the treatments varied by participant background, with environmental/transport engineering students more positive about Treatment B's process quality and us
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In Artificial Intelligence, planning refers to an area of research that proposes to develop
systems that can automatically generate a result set, in the form of an integrated decisionmaking
system through a formal procedure, known as plan. Instead of resorting to the
scheduling algorithms to generate plans, it is proposed to operate the automatic learning by
decision tree to optimize time. In this paper, we propose to build a classification model by
induction graph from a learning sample containing plans that have an associated set of
descriptors whose values change depending on each plan. This model will then operate for
classifying new cases by assigning the appropriate plan.
Novel Opportunities for Tuple-based Coordination: XPath, the Blockchain, and ...Andrea Omicini
The increasing maturity of some well-established technologies – such as XPath – along with the sharp rise of brand-new ones – i.e. the blockchain – presents new opportunities to researchers in the field of multi-agent coordination. In this talk we briefly discuss a few technologies which, once suitably interpreted and integrated, have the potential to impact the very roots of tuple-based coordination as it stems from the archetypal LINDA model.
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This document describes the development of a new precinct planning tool called the Envision Scenario Planner (ESP) using a co-design prototyping approach. The tool is being developed to assist with planning for infill development and densification in Australian cities. An initial workshop exposed planning experts to a prototype of the tool to refine its workflows and functionality. Subsequent iterations will be tested with larger audiences to validate and improve the tool. The document outlines the need for an effective precinct planning tool and reviews existing related tools. It introduces the co-design approach being used to develop ESP to ensure it is practical and useful for end users.
Complexity is an inherent property of all systems and a result of interconnections. In projects various
systems come together to deliver the required outcome(s). The most common type of project complexity
mentioned / considered in practice is the technical complexity and this has always been considered a main
factor which affects project performance. Despite that, projects are delivered by people who interface
continuously and therefore are effected by complexity, and in particular that caused by socio-organo
interfaces and the boundaries between the various teams and parties. This has not been investigated.
Socio-organo complexity leads to reduction in performance if interconnections are not managed. Research
has been carried out to understand the effects of complexity through project management processes on
project schedule and performance, aiming towards the development of a tool and identification of actions
that will enable the management of these effects. The author presents results of five case studies, which
demonstrate that socio-organo complexity affects performance and these results have similarities with the
behaviour of underdamped control systems. The results have significant implications on the way socioorganisational complexity can be managed, how processes are implemented, but also enable parallels to
be drawn between the fields of project management and control systems. Considering control systems
theory proposals are made in this paper for actions to be taken which will contribute towards the
management of the effects of socio-organo complexity on projects.
SOCIO-ORGANO COMPLEXITY, PROJECT SCHEDULE PERFORMANCE AND UNDERDAMPED TRANSIE...ijccmsjournal
Complexity is an inherent property of all systems and a result of interconnections. In projects various systems come together to deliver the required outcome(s). The most common type of project complexity mentioned / considered in practice is the technical complexity and this has always been considered a main factor which affects project performance. Despite that, projects are delivered by people who interface continuously and therefore are effected by complexity, and in particular that caused by socio-organo interfaces and the boundaries between the various teams and parties. This has not been investigated. Socio-organo complexity leads to reduction in performance if interconnections are not managed. Research has been carried out to understand the effects of complexity through project management processes on project schedule and performance, aiming towards the development of a tool and identification of actions that will enable the management of these effects
SOCIO-ORGANO COMPLEXITY, PROJECT SCHEDULE PERFORMANCE AND UNDERDAMPED TRANSI...ijccmsjournal
Complexity is an inherent property of all systems and a result of interconnections. In projects various
systems come together to deliver the required outcome(s). The most common type of project complexity
mentioned / considered in practice is the technical complexity and this has always been considered a main
factor which affects project performance. Despite that, projects are delivered by people who interface
continuously and therefore are effected by complexity, and in particular that caused by socio-organo
interfaces and the boundaries between the various teams and parties. This has not been investigated.
Socio-organo complexity leads to reduction in performance if interconnections are not managed. Research
This document summarizes research investigating the relationship between socio-organizational complexity and project schedule performance. Five case studies of construction projects were conducted that measured complexity characteristics affecting weekly project performance. The results showed that as the number of complexity characteristics increased, the weekly drop in project performance also increased. Specifically, as complexity rose, planned durations were not being achieved, with only around 50-60% of planned durations actually completed across the case studies. This relationship between rising complexity and decreasing performance over time resembles the behavior of an underdamped control system, rather than an exponential decay curve as previously thought. The research findings have implications for how socio-organizational complexity can be managed to improve project schedule performance.
International Journal of Chaos, Control, Modelling and Simulation (IJCCMS)ijccmsjournal
Complexity is an inherent property of all systems and a result of interconnections. In projects various
systems come together to deliver the required outcome(s). The most common type of project complexity
mentioned / considered in practice is the technical complexity and this has always been considered a main
factor which affects project performance. Despite that, projects are delivered by people who interface
continuously and therefore are effected by complexity, and in particular that caused by socio-organo
interfaces and the boundaries between the various teams and parties.
SOCIO-ORGANO COMPLEXITY, PROJECT SCHEDULE PERFORMANCE AND UNDERDAMPED TRANSI...ijccmsjournal
Complexity is an inherent property of all systems and a result of interconnections. In projects various
systems come together to deliver the required outcome(s). The most common type of project complexity
mentioned / considered in practice is the technical complexity and this has always been considered a main
factor which affects project performance. Despite that, projects are delivered by people who interface
continuously and therefore are effected by complexity, and in particular that caused by socio-organo
interfaces and the boundaries between the various teams and parties. This has not been investigated.
Socio-organo complexity leads to reduction in performance if interconnections are not managed. Research
has been carried out to understand the effects of complexity through project management processes on
project schedule and performance, aiming towards the development of a tool and identification of actions
that will enable the management of these effects. The author presents results of five case studies, which
demonstrate that socio-organo complexity affects performance and these results have similarities with the
behaviour of underdamped control systems. The results have significant implications on the way socioorganisational complexity can be managed, how processes are implemente
Complexity is an inherent property of all systems and a result of interconnections. In projects various
systems come together to deliver the required outcome(s). The most common type of project complexity
mentioned / considered in practice is the technical complexity and this has always been considered a main
factor which affects project performance. Despite that, projects are delivered by people who interface
continuously and therefore are effected by complexity, and in particular that caused by socio-organo
interfaces and the boundaries between the various teams and parties. This has not been investigated.
Socio-organo complexity leads to reduction in performance if interconnections are not managed. Research
has been carried out to understand the effects of complexity through project management processes on
project schedule and performance, aiming towards the development of a tool and identification of actions
that will enable the management of these effects. The author presents results of five case studies, which
demonstrate that socio-organo complexity affects performance and these results have similarities with the
behaviour of underdamped control systems. The results have significant implications on the way socioorganisational complexity can be managed, how processes are implemented, but also enable parallels to
be drawn between the fields of project management and control systems. Considering control systems
theory proposals are made in this paper for actions to be taken which will contribute towards the
management of the effects of socio-organo complexity on projects.
SOCIO-ORGANO COMPLEXITY, PROJECT SCHEDULE PERFORMANCE AND UNDERDAMPED TRANSIE...ijccmsjournal
This document summarizes research investigating the relationship between socio-organizational complexity and project schedule performance. Five case studies of construction projects were conducted that measured complexity characteristics affecting weekly project performance. The results showed that as the number of complexity characteristics increased, the weekly drop in project performance also increased. Specifically, as complexity rose, planned durations were not being achieved, with only around 50-60% of planned durations actually completed across the case studies. This relationship between rising complexity and decreasing performance over time resembles the behavior of an underdamped control system, rather than an exponential decay curve as previously thought. The research findings have implications for how socio-organizational complexity can be managed to improve project schedule performance.
Promoting Space-Aware Coordination: ReSpecT as a Spatial Computing Virtual Ma...Stefano Mariani
This document discusses promoting space-aware coordination using ReSpecT as a spatial computing virtual machine. It motivates the need for software systems to be situated in space. ReSpecT is introduced as a coordination language that can be extended with spatial constructs to support spatial computing requirements. The document proposes extensions to ReSpecT called stReSpecT that add spatial awareness by allowing reactions to be triggered by spatial events and including spatial guards. It argues stReSpecT satisfies requirements for measuring, manipulating and computing on space. A benchmark program called the "T-Program" is described that requires these capabilities. The document outlines how stReSpecT could implement parts of the T-Program to set up a local coordinate system and arrange nodes
Similar to Coordination in Situated Systems: Engineering MAS Environment in TuCSoN (20)
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This document discusses measuring trustworthiness in neuro-symbolic integration systems. It begins by providing background on neuro-symbolic integration systems and how they integrate neural and symbolic AI approaches. It then discusses the public and regulatory focus on ensuring the trustworthiness of AI systems. The document motivates the need to define metrics to measure how well neuro-symbolic systems meet requirements for trustworthy AI, as requirements alone may not be enough without metrics. It proposes exploring how to translate and measure compliance with requirements for areas like human oversight, robustness, and privacy in the context of neuro-symbolic systems.
Explainable Pervasive Intelligence with Self-explaining AgentsAndrea Omicini
Pervasiveness of ICT resources along with the promise of ubiquitous intelligence is pushing hard both our demand and our fears of AI: demand mandates for the ability to inject intelligence ubiquitously; fears compel the behaviour of intelligent systems to be observable, explainable, and accountable. Whereas the first wave of the new "AI Era" was mostly heralded by sub-symbolic approaches, features like explainability are better provided by symbolic techniques. In particular, the notion of explanation should be regarded as a core notion for intelligent systems, rather than just an add-on to make them understandable to humans. Based on symbolic AI techniques to match intuitive and rational cognition, explanation should then be regarded as a fundamental tool for inter-agent communication among heterogeneous intelligent agents in open multi-agent systems. More generally, self-explaining agents should work as the basic components in the engineering of intelligent systems integrating both symbolic and sub-/non-symbolic AI techniques.
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The more intelligent systems based on sub-symbolic techniques pervade our everyday lives, the less human can understand them. This is why symbolic approaches are getting more and more attention in the general effort to make AI interpretable, explainable, and trustable. Understanding the current state of the art of AI techniques integrating symbolic and sub-symbolic approaches is then of paramount importance, nowadays—in particular in the XAI perspective. In this talk we first provides an overview of the main symbolic/sub-symbolic integration techniques, focussing in particular on those targeting explainable AI systems. Then we expand the notion of “explainability by design” to the realm of multi-agent systems, where XAI techniques can play a key role in the engineering of intelligent systems.
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Once precisely defined so as to include just the explanation’s act, the notion of explanation should be regarded as a central notion in the engineering of intelligent system—not just as an add-on to make them understandable to humans. Based on symbolic AI techniques to match intuitive and rational cognition, explanation should be exploited as a fundamental tool for inter-agent communication among heterogeneous agents in open multi-agent systems. More generally, explanation-ready agents should work as the basic components in the engineering of intelligent systems integrating both symbolic and sub-/non-symbolic AI techniques.
Presented by Andrea Omicini @ AIxIA 2020 Discussion Paper Workshop
Blockchain for Intelligent Systems: Research PerspectivesAndrea Omicini
We summarise and compare features of MAS and BCT, and discuss how they could be fruitfully integrated in the engineering of intelligent systems by adopting a long-term research perspective.
Injecting (Micro)Intelligence in the IoT: Logic-based Approaches for (M)MASAndrea Omicini
Pervasiveness of ICT resources along with the promise of ubiquitous intelligence is pushing hard both our demand and our fears of AI: demand mandates for the ability to inject (micro) intelligence ubiquitously, fears compel the behaviour of intelligent systems to be observable, explainable, and accountable.
Whereas the first wave of the new "AI Era" was mostly heralded by non-symbolic approaches, features like explainability are better provided by symbolic techniques.
In this talk we focus on logic-based approaches, and discuss their potential in pervasive scenarios like the IoT and open (M)MAS along with our latest results in the field.
Andrea Omicini, Roberta Calegari
Invited Talk
MMAS 2018, Stockholm, Sweden, 14 July 2018
Conversational Informatics: From Conversational Systems to Communication Inte...Andrea Omicini
The document discusses the history and development of conversational systems. It outlines some of the early work in natural language dialogue systems from the 1960s and focuses on three main areas of research: understanding and generating stories, cognitive systems, and integration of these approaches. Current conversational systems aim to more fully integrate these areas to provide more human-like conversational abilities.
Complexity in computational systems: the coordination perspectiveAndrea Omicini
In this talk we discuss the role of coordination models and technologies in the engineering of complex computational systems.
Complex Systems Physics Meeting IMT-UNIBO
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna
Bologna, Italy, 15/02/2018
Micro-intelligence for the IoT: Teaching the Old Logic Dog New Programming Tr...Andrea Omicini
New application scenarios for pervasive intelligent systems open novel perspectives for logic-based approaches, in particular when coupled with agent-based technologies and methods. In this explorative talk we provide some examples of how logic programming and its extensions can work as sources of micro-intelligence for the IoT, at both the individual and the collective level, along with an overall architectural view of IoT systems exploiting logic-based technologies.
Logic Programming as a Service (LPaaS): Intelligence for the IoTAndrea Omicini
Talk @ ICNSC 2017, Calabria, Italy, 16 May 2017
Abstract: The widespread diffusion of low-cost computing devices, such as Arduino boards and Raspberry Pi, along with improvements of Cloud computing platforms, are paving the way towards a whole new set of opportunities for Internet of Things (IoT) applications and services. Varying degrees of intelligence are often required for supporting adaptation and self-management—yet, they should be provided in a light-weight, easy to use and customise, highly-interoperable way. Accordingly, in this paper we explore the idea of Logic Programming as a Service (LPaaS) as a novel and promising re-interpretation of distributed logic programming in the IoT era. After introducing the reference context and motivating scenarios of LPaaS as a key enabling technology for intelligent IoT, we define the LPaaS general system architecture. Then, we present a prototype implementation built on top of the tuProlog system, which provides the required interoperability and customisation. We showcase the LPaaS potential through a case study designed as a simplification of the motivating scenarios.
Privacy through Anonymisation in Large-scale Socio-technical Systems: The BIS...Andrea Omicini
Large-scale socio-technical systems (STS) inextricably inter-connect individual – e.g., the right to privacy –, social – e.g., the effectiveness of organisational processes –, and technology issues —e.g., the software engineering process. As a result, the design of the complex software infrastructure involves also non-technological aspects such as the legal ones—so that, e.g., law-abidingness can be ensured since the early stages of the software engineering process. By focussing on contact centres (CC) as relevant examples of knowledge-intensive STS, we elaborate on the articulate aspects of anonymisation: there, individual and organisational needs clash, so that only an accurate balancing between legal and technical aspects could possibly ensure the system efficiency while preserving the individual right to privacy. We discuss first the overall legal framework, then the general theme of anonymisation in CC. Finally we overview the technical process developed in the context of the BISON project.
Project presentation @ DMI, Università di Catania, Italy, 25 July 2016
The impact of mobile technologies on healthcare is particularly evident in the case of self-management of chronic diseases, where they can decrease spending and improve the patient quality of life. In this talk we propose the adoption of agent-based modelling and simulation techniques as built-in tools to dynamically monitor patient health state and provide feedbacks for self-management. To demonstrate the feasibility of our proposal we focus on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus as our case study, and provide some preliminary simulation results.
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Towards Logic Programming as a Service: Experiments in tuPrologAndrea Omicini
The document discusses experiments with logic programming as a service (LPaaS) using tuProlog. It proposes an LPaaS architecture with local APIs for creating engines, loading theories, and querying. It also describes implementing tuProlog as a service (2PaaS) on iOS, where tuProlog is embedded in an app and provides an API via URL schemes for other apps to interface with it. Example application scenarios are presented, including using tuProlog for symbolic derivatives and multi-language programming. Further work is outlined to better define and extend the LPaaS paradigm.
The document discusses the concept of space in computer science and computational systems. It describes how physical distribution of computational units and communication channels creates virtual spaces, such as distributed systems and middleware environments. It emphasizes that situated distributed systems and pervasive computing systems are needed to handle computation in physical environments and take into account the spatial aspects of those environments. Situatedness and context-awareness are important properties for computational systems to exhibit as they become more immersed in physical space.
Introductory tutorial on the foundations of agents and multi-agent systems at the 18th European Agent Systems Summer School (EASSS 2016) – 25 July 2016, Catania, Italy
Academic Publishing in the Digital Era: A Couple of Issues (Open Access—Well,...Andrea Omicini
The document discusses issues with the current academic publishing system. It notes that while technology has made production, diffusion, and access to scholarly works negligible in cost, access to most literature remains expensive. It also distinguishes between the validation of research, which ensures quality, and evaluation, which occurs after publication. While new publishers and self-archiving aim to address costs, true validation requires peer review before rather than after publication to maintain standards and scale effectively. Overall reforms are needed to make the system more economically sustainable while maintaining scientific rigor.
Self-organisation of Knowledge in Socio-technical Systems: A Coordination Per...Andrea Omicini
Some of the most peculiar traits of socio-technical systems (STS) in knowledge-intensive environments (KIE) – such as unpredictability of agents’ behaviour, ever-growing amount of information to manage, fast-paced production/consumption – tangle coordination of agents as well as coordination of information, by affecting, e.g., reachability by knowledge prosumers and manageability by the IT infrastructure. In this seminar we describe a novel approach to coordination of STS in KIE, grounded on the MoK (Molecules of Knowledge) model for knowledge self-organisation, and inspired to key concepts from the cognitive theory of BIC (behavioural implicit communication).
Anticipatory Coordination in Socio-technical Knowledge-intensive Environments...Andrea Omicini
This document discusses using behavioral implicit communication (BIC) to enable anticipatory coordination in socio-technical knowledge-intensive environments. It proposes extending the Molecules of Knowledge (MoK) coordination model to treat computational environments as shared environments where agents' actions and traces are observable. Enzymes and traces in MoK are redefined to represent epistemic actions and their side effects, enabling the environment to implicitly understand intentions and goals. This lays the groundwork for collective intelligence and anticipatory coordination through the tacit messages conveyed by agents' observable behaviors. An experiment simulates a citizen journalism scenario where search actions in a MoK-based system spread information in a self-organizing, adaptive manner.
The Distributed Autonomy. Software Abstractions and Technologies for Autonomo...Andrea Omicini
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Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
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Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
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with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Coordination in Situated Systems: Engineering MAS Environment in TuCSoN
1. Coordination in Situated Systems
Engineering MAS Environment in TuCSoN
Stefano Mariani, Andrea Omicini
fs.mariani, andrea.omicinig@unibo.it
Dipartimento di Informatica { Scienza e Ingegneria (DISI)
Alma Mater Studiorum|Universita di Bologna, Italy
Talk @ IDCS 2014
International Conference on
Internet and Distributed Computing Systems
Amantea, CS, Calabria, Italy
23 September 2014
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 1 / 36
3. Premises
Context
Multi-agent systems (MAS) are an expressive paradigm for the
engineering of distributed systems [Jennings, 2001, Jennings, 2000]
Agents are not the only fundamental bricks for multi-agent systems
(MAS) [Omicini et al., 2008]
Environment too is an essential abstraction for MAS modelling and
engineering [Weyns et al., 2007]
This means that in MAS things happen not just as a result of agent
actions, but also because of environment change
These are the two sources of events and dependencies for a MAS
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 3 / 36
4. Premises
Motivation
Both agent-agent (social) and agent-environment (situated)
dependencies are sources of complexity in MAS
Since coordination aims at managing dependencies
[Malone and Crowston, 1994], it could be used to deal with both
social and situated dependencies
Till now, coordination artefacts have been mostly devoted to handle
social interaction|however, as a form of environment-based
coordination [Omicini et al., 2004]
It is then quite natural to see coordination artefacts handling both
social and situated interaction in a uniform way
[Omicini and Mariani, 2013]
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 4 / 36
5. Premises
Goals
We focus on the TuCSoN coordination middleware
[Omicini and Zambonelli, 1999], and show how it supports
environment engineering in MAS by providing coordination artefacts
[Omicini et al., 2004] to handle situated interaction
We focus on situatedness by describing the steps a MAS designer
should follow to eectively engineer computational/physical
environments supporting agent situated action in TuCSoN
The contribution is meant to be on both the architecture and the
method sides
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 5 / 36
7. TuCSoN Architecture
What is TuCSoN?
TuCSoN [Omicini and Zambonelli, 1999] is a tuple-based
coordination model [Gelernter and Carriero, 1992] for open,
distributed MAS, providing ReSpecT tuple centres
[Omicini and Denti, 2001] as its coordination artefacts, which means
that
a TuCSoN-coordinated MAS is made by agents interacting by
exchanging tuples via tuple centres, which are programmable tuple
spaces [Denti et al., 1997]
TuCSoN tuple centres contain the policies for MAS coordination
written in the ReSpecT language
The TuCSoN model is provided as a Java-based middleware for MAS
engineering at
http://tucson.unibo.it
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 7 / 36
8. TuCSoN Architecture
TuCSoN Architecture for Situatedness I
Artefacts
According to the AA meta-model [Omicini et al., 2008], a MAS is
made of agents and artefacts
where artefacts are the reactive entities embodying the functions of
the MAS
Inspired by the AA meta-model, the TuCSoN architecture provides
two sorts of artefacts
boundary artefacts | to handle both agent activity and environment
change within the MAS
coordination artefacts | to govern both agent-agent and
agent-environment interaction
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 8 / 36
9. TuCSoN Architecture
TuCSoN Architecture for Situatedness II
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 9 / 36
10. TuCSoN Architecture
TuCSoN Architecture for Situatedness III
agents | Any computational entity willing to exploit TuCSoN
coordination services. Agents should request and obtain an
ACC from the TuCSoN node. Any action from any agent
towards the MAS { either social or situated { is then
mediated by its associated ACC.
ACC | Agent coordination contexts [Omicini, 2002] are TuCSoN
boundary artefacts devoted to agents. ACC both enable and
constraint agents interactions: in particular, ACCs map every
agent operation into events asynchronously dispatched to
tuple centres. ACCs thus decouple agents from MAS in
control, reference, space, and time.
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 10 / 36
11. TuCSoN Architecture
TuCSoN Architecture for Situatedness IV
probes | Environmental resources in TuCSoN are called probes.
They are dealt with as sources of perceptions (aka sensors)
or makers of actions (aka actuators) in a uniform way.
Probes do not directly interact with the MAS, but through
mediation of their associated transducer.
transducers | TuCSoN transducers [Casadei and Omicini, 2009] are the
boundary artefacts devoted to probes. Each probe is
assigned to a transducer, which is specialised to handle
events from that probe, and to act on probes through
situation operations. Transducers thus decouple in control,
reference, space and time probes from tuple centres.
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 11 / 36
12. TuCSoN Architecture
TuCSoN Architecture for Situatedness V
events | TuCSoN adopts and generalises the ReSpecT event
model. Events are the run-time data structure representing
both activities and change in a uniform way. ACC and
transducers translate external events (activities and change)
into internal events (operations and situations) that tuple
centres can handle to implement the policies required for
MAS coordination
tuple centres | TuCSoN architectural component implementing
coordination artefacts, thus in charge of managing
dependencies. As such, they are meant to govern both social
and situated interactions [Omicini and Mariani, 2013]. By
adopting ReSpecT tuple centres, TuCSoN relies on (i) the
ReSpecT language to program coordination laws, and (ii) the
ReSpecT situated event model to implement events
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 12 / 36
14. TuCSoN Architecture
TuCSoN Event Model II
Summing up
In a TuCSoN-coordinated MAS
ACCs and transducers represent agents and environment, respectively,
in the MAS, by translating activities and changes in a common event
model
Tuple centres deals with both social and situated dependencies by
making it possible to program the coordination of all sort of event in
a uniform way
In essence, this means that we need both a technology and a methodology
to coherently exploit event-driven programming within an agent-oriented
programming framework
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 14 / 36
15. TuCSoN Architecture
TuCSoN Event Model III
Figure: In TuCSoN, both social (agent-agent) and situated (agent-environment) interactions
are mediated by ReSpecT tuple centres.
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 15 / 36
16. Engineering Situated MAS with TuCSoN
Outline
1 Premises
2 TuCSoN Architecture
3 Engineering Situated MAS with TuCSoN
4 Conclusion
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 16 / 36
17. Engineering Situated MAS with TuCSoN
General Method for Environment Engineering
1 Implement probes|sensors and actuators. Typically, this does not
require implementing, e.g., software drivers for the probe: designers
can simply wrap existing drivers in a Java class implementing the
ISimpleProbe interface, then interact with TuCSoN transducers
2 Implement transducers associated to probes by extending the
TuCSoN AbstractTransducer class
3 Con
18. gure the transducer manager, responsible for probes and
transducers association and lifecycle management
4 Program tuple centres using ReSpecT implementing the coordination
policies that, along with TuCSoN agents, embed the application logic
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 17 / 36
19. Engineering Situated MAS with TuCSoN The Thermostat Case Study
Scenario
A situated intelligent thermostat is in charge of keeping a room
temperature between 18 and 22 degrees
To this end, it interacts with a sensor and an actuator: the former is
queried by the thermostat to perceive the temperature, whereas the
latter is prompted to change the temperature upon need
Both the sensor and the actuator, as probes, interface with the MAS
through one transducer each
To promote distribution of the application logic, transducers and
thermostat are associated each with their own tuple centre, suitably
programmed through ReSpecT reactions handling their speci
20. c
interactions with the MAS
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 18 / 36
21. Engineering Situated MAS with TuCSoN The Thermostat Case Study
1) Implement Probes
Implement the ISimpleProbe interface:
getIdentifier | retrieving probe ID
getTransducer | retrieving associated transducer
setTransducer | associating an existing transducer to the probe
readValue | to perceive the probe|mandatory for sensors
writeValue | to act on the probe|mandatory for actuators
In particular, methods readValue and writeValue should implement
the logic required to interact with the actual probe|either a
computational environmental resource or a physical object
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 19 / 36
22. Engineering Situated MAS with TuCSoN The Thermostat Case Study
2) Implement Transducers I
An abstract Java class is provided for extension:
AbstractTransducer, implementing
TransducerStandardInterface
getEnv | to sense an environmental property change|usually,
implemented by transducers assigned to sensors
setEnv | to eect an environmental property change|usually,
implemented by transducers assigned to actuators
Such methods should actually dispatch to probes the request to either
sense/eect an environmental property change
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 20 / 36
23. Engineering Situated MAS with TuCSoN The Thermostat Case Study
2) Implement Transducers II
Middleware support
Both methods are automatically called by TuCSoN middleware whenever
an event generated by an environmental property change is raised by the
associated probe|notifyEnvEvent method in
TransducerStandardInterface, to be called by MAS programmers
an event generated by an environmental property change is raised by the
associated tuple centre|notifyOutput method in
TransducerStandardInterfacea
aAutomatically called by TuCSoN middleware in response to ReSpecT situation
activities|see hSituationi in Table 2.
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 21 / 36
25. gure the Transducer Manager I
Once both probes and transducers are implemented, MAS designers
should exploit TuCSoN TransducersManager services to register
such components and to associate them:
createTransducer | to create a new transducer associated to the given
probe and bound to the given tuple centre
addProbe | to attach a probe to a given transducer
removeProbe | to detach a probe from its transducer
getTransducer | to retrieve a transducer's reference given its id
stopTransducer | to destroy a given transducer
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 22 / 36
27. gure the Transducer Manager II
Run-time adaptiveness
Notice to enable dynamic and distributed addition/removal of
transducers and probes, as well as run-time change of their
associations, all the transducer manager services are also available via
TuCSoN coordination operations.
In particular, TuCSoN agents may (remotely) emit special tuples in
the built-in `$ENV' tuple centre, available in any TuCSoN node
Syntax of such tuples can be found in TuCSoN ocial guide
http://www.slideshare.net/andreaomicini/
the-tucson-coordination-model-technology-a-guide
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 23 / 36
28. Engineering Situated MAS with TuCSoN The Thermostat Case Study
4) Program Tuple Centres I
Agents and probes (environment) are connected via ReSpecT tuple
centres, programmed via the ReSpecT language
In fact, agents and probes { or better, ACCs and transducers { do not
directly interact: all the interactions happen through coordination
operations provided by the TuCSoN middleware
Therefore, whenever agents need to interact with a probe, they
perform a coordination operation on the tuple centre bound to the
transducer responsible for that probe
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 24 / 36
29. Engineering Situated MAS with TuCSoN The Thermostat Case Study
4) Program Tuple Centres II
1 reaction (
2 in( sense ( temp (T ))) , // agent request
3 ( operation, invocation ),
4 sensor @ localhost :20504 ? getEnv ( temp, T) // perception request
5 ).
6 reaction (
7 getEnv ( temp, T), // perception reply
8 ( from_env , completion ), // environment filter
9 out ( sense ( temp (T)))
10 ).
Figure: Stripped-down version of the code from sensorSpec.rsp in package
alice.tucson.examples.situatedness within current TuCSoN distribution
(TuCSoN-1.10.7.0208). 'sensor' is the probe ID of the probe target of the situation operation
request: the id of its transducers is automatically retrieved by TuCSoN middleware at run-time,
hence transducer mediation is transparent to the ReSpecT programmer.
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 25 / 36
30. Engineering Situated MAS with TuCSoN The Thermostat Case Study
4) Program Tuple Centres III
ReSpecT pattern essentially valid for any situated interaction:
reaction 1 5 maps agents coordination operations requests (external
events) into situation operations commands (internal events)
reaction 6 10 maps situation operation replies (from probes, external
events) into coordination operations outcomes (internal events)
Supporting situatedness
MAS designers explicitly exploit ReSpecT situated event model to support
situatedness of interactions, binding together events coming from the
agent through its ACC with events going toward the environment through
its transducer|and, dually, from the environment toward the agents.
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 26 / 36
31. Engineering Situated MAS with TuCSoN The Thermostat Case Study
The Whole Picture I
1 /* Start perception - reason - action loop */
2 LogicTuple template ;
3 ITucsonOperation op;
4 int temp ;
5 LogicTuple action = null ;
6 for (int i = 0; i Thermostat . ITERS ; i ++) {
7 /* Perception */
8 template = LogicTuple . parse ( sense ( temp (_)));
9 op = acc .in( sensorTc , template , null ); // see line 2 in Figure 2
10 if (op. isResultSuccess ()) {
11 temp = op. getLogicTupleResult (). getArg (0). getArg (0). intValue ();
12 /* Reason */
13 if (( temp = Thermostat . LOW ) ( temp = Thermostat . HIGH )) {
14 continue ;
15 } else if ( temp Thermostat . LOW) {
16 action = LogicTuple . parse ( act ( temp ( + ++ temp + )));
17 } else if ( temp Thermostat . HIGH ) {
18 action = LogicTuple . parse ( act ( temp ( + --temp + )));
19 }
20 /* Action */
21 // 'act ' ReSpecT reactions are similar to those in Figure 2
22 acc . out ( actuatorTc , action , null );
23 }
24 }
Figure: Stripped-down version of the code from Thermostat.java. Notice the thermostat
interacts solely with TuCSoN tuple centres, being transducers (thus probes) interactions
transparently delegated to the TuCSoN middleware|through the ReSpecT reactions in Figure 2.
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 27 / 36
32. Engineering Situated MAS with TuCSoN The Thermostat Case Study
The Whole Picture II
The last code snippet in Figure 3 is meant to show how the
application logic { the thermostat { is linked to the situatedness
machinery
In particular, line 9 shows TuCSoN coordination operation invocation
causing ReSpecT reactions in Figure 2 to trigger, stimulating the
sensor probe through its transducer|transparently to the designer of
the application logic
Same sort of transparency is provided to ReSpecT programmers, as
they need not to know the internal machinery of probes but just
transducer API, as well as to probes programmers, since they only
deal with ISimpleProbe and TransducerStandardInterface API.
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 28 / 36
33. Engineering Situated MAS with TuCSoN The Thermostat Case Study
The Whole Picture III
Separation of concerns
This promotes and supports a clear separation of concerns between
specialised programmers, such that
application logic (agent) programmers
coordination (ReSpecT) programmers
environment (probes and transducers) programmers
each may focus on their task, just relying on the fact that all programmers
will use the same TuCSoN API.
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 29 / 36
35. Conclusion
Conclusion
Agent-oriented frameworks can be eective in the engineering of
complex distributed systems by providing a coherent framework for
event-driven programming|in particular when dealing with
environment engineering in situated systems
Agent coordination models, typically exploited for governing social
interaction, could extend their reach to deal with situated interaction,
by providing suitable abstractions to handle all sources of change in a
MAS { agents and environment { through a uniform event model
In this paper
we describe the architectural approach to situatedness adopted by the
TuCSoN coordination middleware
we discuss the basic steps of a methodology allowing agent-oriented
engineering and event-driven programming to fruitfully coexist in the
engineering of situated MAS
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 31 / 36
36. References
References I
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Situated tuple centres in ReSpecT.
In Shin, S. Y., Ossowski, S., Menezes, R., and Viroli, M., editors, 24th Annual ACM
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In Garlan, D. and Le Metayer, D., editors, Coordination Languages and Models, volume
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Gelernter, D. and Carriero, N. (1992).
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Communications of the ACM, 35(2):97{107.
Jennings, N. R. (2000).
On agent-based software engineering.
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38. cial Intelligence, 117(2):277{296.
Jennings, N. R. (2001).
An agent-based approach for building complex software systems.
Communications of the ACM, 44(4):35{41.
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39. References
References II
Malone, T. W. and Crowston, K. (1994).
The interdisciplinary study of coordination.
ACM Computing Surveys, 26(1):87{119.
Omicini, A. (2002).
Towards a notion of agent coordination context.
In Marinescu, D. C. and Lee, C., editors, Process Coordination and Ubiquitous Computing,
chapter 12, pages 187{200. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Omicini, A. and Denti, E. (2001).
From tuple spaces to tuple centres.
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Omicini, A. and Mariani, S. (2013).
Coordination for situated MAS: Towards an event-driven architecture.
In Moldt, D. and Rolke, H., editors, International Workshop on Petri Nets and Software
Engineering (PNSE'13), volume 989 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, pages 17{22. Sun
SITE Central Europe, RWTH Aachen University.
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40. References
References III
Omicini, A., Ricci, A., Viroli, M., Castelfranchi, C., and Tummolini, L. (2004).
Coordination artifacts: Environment-based coordination for intelligent agents.
In Jennings, N. R., Sierra, C., Sonenberg, L., and Tambe, M., editors, 3rd international
Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2004),
volume 1, pages 286{293, New York, USA. ACM.
Omicini, A. and Zambonelli, F. (1999).
Coordination for Internet application development.
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 2(3):251{269.
Weyns, D., Omicini, A., and Odell, J. J. (2007).
Environment as a
42. Extras
URLs
Slides
On APICe
http://apice.unibo.it/xwiki/bin/view/Talks/SituatedcoordIdcs2014
On SlideShare
http://www.slideshare.net/andreaomicini/
coordination-in-situated-systems-engineering-mas-environment-in-tucson
Article
On APICe
http://apice.unibo.it/xwiki/bin/view/Publications/SituatedcoordIdcs2014
On SpringerLink
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-10422-5 9
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 35 / 36
43. Coordination in Situated Systems
Engineering MAS Environment in TuCSoN
Stefano Mariani, Andrea Omicini
fs.mariani, andrea.omicinig@unibo.it
Dipartimento di Informatica { Scienza e Ingegneria (DISI)
Alma Mater Studiorum|Universita di Bologna, Italy
Talk @ IDCS 2014
International Conference on
Internet and Distributed Computing Systems
Amantea, CS, Calabria, Italy
23 September 2014
Mariani, Omicini (DISI, UniBO) Situated Coordination IDCS 2014, 23/9/2014 36 / 36