Atelier des sensibilization pour les partenaires, Porto Novo, République du Bénin Republic

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Source: globalfoodbook
Contrôl biologique des aflatoxines en Afrique
avec Aflasafe
Atelier des sensibilization pour les partenaires,
Porto Novo, République du Bénin Republic; 11 Octobre 2019.
Titilayo Falade et Alejandro Ortega-Beltran
(de la part de Aflasafe laboratoire)
Institute International d’Agriculture Tropicale (IITA)

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Source: globalfoodbook
Biological control of aflatoxins in Africa
using Aflasafe
Sensitization workshop for partners,
Porto Novo, Bénin Republic; 11 October 2019.
Titilayo Falade and Alejandro Ortega-Beltran
(on behalf of the Aflasafe team)
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

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Le plan
33
L’Introduction
Impact de aflatoxines
Comment se produit la contamination par
l’aflatoxine
Contrôle de l’aflatoxine
Aflasafe
1
2
3
4
5

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4
L’Introduction

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55

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Qu’est-ce que les aflatoxines?
6
Aflatoxine B1
Cultures prédisposées aux aflatoxines
Maïs, arachides, sorgho,
cottonsgraine de coton, le
poivre, millet, figues, graine de
melon seed, gingembre,
sésame, amande, pistache, etc
Aspergillus

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7
Photo credit: Alejandro Ortega-Beltran
Aflatoxigenic fungi belong to Aspergillus section Flavi: A. flavus,
A. parasiticus, A. nomius. A. aflatoxiformans

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8
Impact de aflatoxines

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Impact de dietary l’ingestion d’aflatoxines
9
Imagecredit:cornell.edu
Cancer du
foie
5-28% cas
de cancer du
foie
Retard de
croissance de
l’enfant 28%
réduction
Toxicité
renale
Immunité
réduite
Fatalité
In utero,
transmission
du lait
maternel

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Limites Réglementaires
10
Limites Réglementaires Globale pour aflatoxins totale
EU
USA,
Mexico,
Argentina
Korea,
Egypt…
Several
African
countries
Sources: FAO (2003) and doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045151.t003 Edited by: Titilayo Falade

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11
Comment se produit la contamination
par l’aflatoxine

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Crops always become
associated with Aspergillus
fungi
1 – >1,000,000
Propagules / g
Aspergillus and crops (Aspergillus et cultures)
Le plus puissant cancérigène naturel
La contamination affecte la sante
(Health), Les revenus (income) et Le
commerce (Trade)
Aflatoxin content range (ppb)
0 – 20
21 – >20,000
Toujours les cultures sont associées
avec ces with Aspergillus

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13
Risque pérennial et au milleu 35oN - 35oS
de l’equateur

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Comment se produit la contamination par l’aflatoxine
14
Pre-récolte
A la récolte
Après la récolte
Aspergillus porté
par l’air et
insecte
Aspergillus
entré l’orifice
et soie
Aspergillus entré et
produire la toxine
Produire
directement
sur le sol
Aspergillus entré
les culture
Aspergillus
entré et
produire la
toxine
Produits stockés ou
transportés sans
hygiène
Aspergillus
entré les
culture
Aspergillus entré
et produire la
toxine
Récolte
endommagée
pendant la
battage

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15
Contrôle de l’aflatoxine

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Bonnes Practiques de
fabrication et de stockage
La contamination d’aflatoxin peut etre gérée par…
16
Bonnes Practiques
Agricoles
Produit Novateur

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Managing predisposing conditions to aflatoxins
35oN - 35oS
Plus informations de
partage concerne de
control d’aflatoxine +
polique + régulation
Risque Generale
Location: Risque pérennial
Fort prévalence de
producteurs d’aflatoxins
Management
ADVANTAGES
PLUSIEURS-CULTIRES
PLUSIEURS-ANEE
PLUSIEURS-VILLE
PRE-récolte
À LA I-récolte
APRÈS LA-récolte
PROBLÈME
PLUSIEURS-CULTIRES
PLUSIEURS-ANEE
PLUSIEURS-VILLE
PRE-récolte
À LA I-récolte
APRÈS LA-
récolte

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Optimal
storage
Rapid grain
drying
Timely
harvest
Sorting and
processing
Awareness
Policies
Testing
Dietary
interventions
Market
development
Adapted
varieties
Insect
control
Integrated management strategy
Biocontrol is used along all other practical technologies
effective at reducing aflatoxin contamination

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Aflasafe

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Aflasafe: Innovative strategy for Aflatoxin reduction
20

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21
What is aflasafe?
21
A. flavus
Aflasafe is a natural/non-chemical product that reduces populations
of aflatoxin-producing A. flavus by competitive exclusion
Safe A. flavus
Toxic A. flavus
4 superior strains

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Active ingredient fungi Product Product in the field
Non-treated field Treated field
Aflasafe composition / mode of action

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Four safe and superior native A. flavus strains
23
Aflasafe
In pack
Not activated
(dry)
3 – 20 days after
moisture-
activation in field

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How is Aflasafe applied?
2424 2424

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How Aflasafe works
25
Aflasafe in 2.5 & 5 kg bags
Sporulation on moist soil
3-20
days
Broadcast
@ 10 kg/ha 2-3 weeks before flowering
30-33 grains/m2
Soil colonization and displacement of toxigenic fungi
Wind

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Efficacy on maize: Nigeria case
372
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2009 2010 2011 2012
Aflasafe™
Control
82 94 83 86
51 14 199 38Fields (#)
Less (%)
At Harvest
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2009 2010 2011 2012
82 93 89 90
51 14 166 38
After Storage
26
AFTinng/g

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Field efficacy trials in Ghana
Efficacy trials
Region
Treatment
Total aflatoxin concentration (ppb)
Groundnut Maize
Mean % Reduction Mean
%
Reduction
Ashanti Control 352 96 8 100
Treated
15 0
Brong
Ahafo
Control 81 99 12 100
Treated
1 0
Northern Control 199 100 238 100
Treated
0 0
Upper East Control 200 100 122 100
Treated
0 0
Upper
West
Control 939 100 301 98
Treated
0 6
200 maize,
groundnut fields

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Little to no aflatoxin contamination
90%: <4 ppb
7-8%: 5 – 20 ppb
2-3%: >20 ppb
vs
>20, >100, >1,000 ppb
Treated vs non-treated
• 10 kg/ha
Rate
Aflatoxin reductions

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Experimental
variety
Aflatoxin (ppb)
No biocontrol Biocontrol
RSYN2-Y 19.6 1.7
RSYN3-W 6.9 1.8
SYN3-Y 18.4 1.7
TZB-SR (susc.) 57.5 4.7
Aflatoxin (ppb) at harvest in low-aflatoxin maize
lines with and without biocontrol treatment
66-88%
AF
reduction
over Susc.
by
resistance
alone
97% AF
reduction
over Susc.
by
resistance
and
biocontrol
combined
74-92% AF reduction over corresponding
variety by biocontrol alone
Combining resistance and biocontrol

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Experimental
variety
Aflatoxin (ppb)
No biocontrol Biocontrol
RSYN2-Y 462 44
RSYN3-W 627 38
SYN3-Y 387 19
TZB-SR (susc.) 1,152 163
Aflatoxin (ppb) after poor storage in low-aflatoxin
maize lines with and without biocontrol treatment
46-66%
AF
reduction
over Susc.
by
resistance
alone
96-98%
AF
reduction
over Susc.
by
resistance
and
biocontrol
combined
86-95% AF reduction over corresponding
variety by biocontrol alone
Combining resistance and biocontrol

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3 manufacturing plants:
Nigeria, Kenya, Senegal
4 manufacturing plants
planned:
Tanzania, Rwanda, Mali,
Mozambique
2 exclusive distribution
agreements in place:
Ghana, Burkina
6 tech transfer counterparts
selected

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Exponential growth
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Key statistics five years
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Key statistics five years
Grain lots with aflatoxin
concentration
Percent
<4 ppb 90%
<10 ppb 94%
<20 ppb 97%
+275,000 tons of maize
harvested
• 57% aggregated for sale
• 27% consumed at home
• 16% sold in local market
Productivity increase
3.1 ton/ha
compared to national
average of 1.5 ton/ha

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Tanzania Zambia
Kenya
Mozambique Malawi
Rwanda, Ethiopia, Mali
Nigeria
Laboratories

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Aflasafe –use is Africa-wide
34
Aflasafe factory and laboratory in Ibadan
Kaolack, Senegal
Started producing in
2019
Factories for Rwanda, Tanzania, and
Mozambique being planned as of
now
Katumani, Kenya
Operational since 2017
KALRO-Katumani
BAMTAARE

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Re cap
3535
L’Introduction
Impact de aflatoxines
Comment se produit la contamination par
l’aflatoxine
Contrôle de l’aflatoxine
Aflasafe
1
2
3
4
5

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Joint Effort

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Thank you
37