This document discusses techniques for comparing and contrasting ideas. It provides examples of how to connect contrasting ideas using adverbs like "however" and structures like "while" and "whereas." It also suggests asking "what if" questions to come up with contrasting ideas, like questioning what would happen if a person contributed to an organization for a short time rather than a prolonged period. The document aims to help the reader effectively support ideas by comparing them with contrasting perspectives.

1. CONTRASTING
IDEAS
C O H E R E N C E A N D C O H E S I O N

2. COMPARE IDEAS OR OPINIONS
Question: Some people think that people who choose a job early and keep doing it are
more likely to have a satisfying career life than those who frequently change jobs.
Opinion 1: choose a job early and keep doing it
 Idea 1: In order to be recognised, one must contribute to a organization for a
prolonged period of time
Contrasting opinion 2: frequently change jobs
Contrasting Idea 1: a young person who fails to make any commitment to a particular
job cannot be appreciated by his employer.
 How to compare or connect these contrasting ideas?

3. ADVERBS
• However, // meanwhile // by contrast // on the other hand
 In order to be recognised, one must contribute to a organization for a prolonged
period of time. Meanwhile, a young person who fails to make any commitment to a
particular job cannot be appreciated by his employer.

4. WHILE AND WHEREAS
• In order to be recognised, one must contribute to a organization for a prolonged
period of time while a young person who fails to make any commitment to a particular
job cannot be appreciated by his employer.

5. ADVANCED STRUCTURE
• In order to be recognised, one must contribute to a organization for a prolonged
period of time; and such contribution, in my opinion, is nearly impossible without
any commitment to a particular job.
• In order to be recognised, one must contribute to a organization for a prolonged
period of time. I think a young person cannot make such contribution if he does
not make any commitment to a particular job.
• In order to be recognised, one must contribute to a organization for a prolonged
period of time. I think a young person cannot make such contribution unless he
makes make a commitment to a particular job

6. HOW TO COME UP WITH
CONTRASTING IDEAS?
• Ask your self “what if?”
Idea 1: In order to be recognised, one must contribute to a organization for a prolonged
period of time
What-if question: what happens if a person contribute to a organization for a short time?
 Contrasting idea: a young person who fails to make any commitment to a particular
job cannot be appreciated by his employer.

7. REVIEW QUESTION
Support the following ideas by comparing them with contrasting ones.
1. Trying various positions could help people find a job they are passionate about.
2. It is important to build wider roads and more motorways in cities like Hanoi or Ho
Chi Minh city.
3. For those who do not own any private vehicle, public transport such as buses and
subways are a great choice because they are affordable and convenient.
4. Children should be emotionally prepared before going to school.

8. IN CONCLUSION
1. Support an idea by compare it with the contrasting one
2. Use structures like However // While // Without // Unless
3. Ask yourself “what if?”