Contextual analysis 1 - Panorama

Units 4, 5, 24, 31 - Task 4 Lauren Rosenfeld, Ben Karrass, Millie West, Ben Goldstone &
Nikon Ahamed
Contextual Analysis 2 - Panorama
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yetFgoAkrGE&saf
e=active
Hate on the Street is a documentary, where Panorama investigates what is happening on
the country's streets. With exclusive access to the government's new crime figures, the
programme reveals that race and religious hate crime is highest since 2008. Reporter Livvy
Haydock travels the country meeting victims and perpetrators to discover what is causing the
rise in these hate-driven crimes.
Lauren Rosenfeld - camera work
The documentary begins with a series of pictures of racial
slurs in public places, phone footage of attacks/CCTV
footage, extreme close ups of a victim of an attack and a few
interviews. These are used to entice the audience into
watching the full documentary, as they are short and
engaging. After the introduction, there is an establishing shot
of ships and an over the shoulder shot of the presenter to
introduce who will be walking us through the documentary
and the location she is in, which is Dover. This is followed by
long shots of people walking around the street and extreme
long shots, showing to the audience this town is a primarily
British area, which is supported by the shot of a row of Union
Jacks. There is then a stark contrast to a barbed wire fence
as the presenter talks of a ‘battle of immigration’, which
connotes danger. An extreme long shot and pan is used to
show the extent of the fence. Another person's footage is
then used of a protest taking place, which is shot using a
handheld camera, providing an unsteady/unsafe
atmosphere, and showing the audience a new perspective.
The footage shows extreme long shots to show the amount
of people protesting and switches to a close up of flags to
show the audience what is on them. This is followed by a
mid shot of the presenter, in order to show two sides of the
fence, metaphorically stating that immigrants are put on one
and British people the other.
The presenter then states she is ‘on the road’, leading to
several shots in the car, ranging from over the shoulder to
extreme close ups, to show to the audience that she is going
to a new location. The close up expresses how serious she feels on the issue. An
establishing shot is used of a run down castle, establishing to the audience a location
change, stating that she is now in Dudley. Here, several long shots and mid shots are used
similar to the location in Dover, however this time there more ethnic people are seen, as the
presenter states most are ‘foreign born’. Extreme long shots show the presenter walking to a
new location, and she is tracked through the school. A long shot is used of kids in class,

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showing they are being taught and a close up shows the kids interest in
studying. Here, a safe and warm atmosphere is created, which is enforced
by the use of a tripod. A close up is used, with the woman
only in focus, stating her relevance in this documentary. It is
then cut to a long shot of the family eating showing to the
audience that although they are classed as foreigners they
are a normal family. This contrasts to what is being said
about last year, when the boy was attacked. Extreme long
shots are used showing the surroundings are dark and it is
raining. This is followed by a slight reconstruction, where
there are shots of the estate with graffiti. The presenter and
boy are tracked from behind, giving a sense that they are
being followed and are unsafe. Another extreme long shot is
used to show the scale of the area, when ‘20 youths’
attacked. The front tracking is also unsteady, showing the
danger they are in. There is a cut to an extreme long shot
from being a fence, which connotes that the two are being
watched, followed by several long shots of the estate
showing it is an isolated and trashy area. These shots help
the audience to piece together the story and put themselves
in the victim's position. Shallow depth of field is also used
here of the victim, where the camera focuses on the person
only, with the background around blurred. This is used to
show the boys emotions and make the audience sympathise.
This is followed by several shots of the area creating an
eerie atmosphere, for example, there are close ups of
barbed wire, litter and abandoned objects, further connoting
how run down and dirty the area is.
A close up of a street sign is used, signifying another
location change - Wrens Nest. An extreme long shot and
tracking of the presenter is used, showing the surrounding
area is rough. An establishing shot is used of a pub, starting
a new location. Mid long shots are used for the interview, to
introduce three more people. Mid shots are used, showing
the body language and hand movements of the men and
expressing their anger/frustration of the situation. Followed
by a close up, when talking about the seriousness of the
issue. An extreme long shot is used to state the end of the
location.
A high angle states a new location. In the new location, the
interview is shot with a tripod, as the person being
interviewed is a professor, and using a tripod shows
professionality. Two shots are used with this interview, to
show both their reaction, and close ups of the computer screen shows the graphs for the
audience. A long shot is used, stating that the presenter is leaving the location. More phone
footage is used, which gives the audience a better insight. We are then introduced to a new

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person through a close up, in the centre of the frame, showing their
significance, followed by a mid shot, showing body language, to a close up
for the emotions when stating the racial sluts and lastly a long shot. This is
done three times within the documentary for three different
people, all stating their stories on how they have been a
victim of racism.
An establishing shot shows the audience a new location.
Low angle shots are used of a football game, showing the
skill of the players. The audience are then taken to a new
location - a playground to help the audience visualise what
happened to the victim. Long shots are used to show the
atmosphere as dark. A two shot is used of both people in
focus, showing their importance. When the man states racial
slurs a close up is used to show his emotion. We then cut to
extreme close ups of the victims scars, this shocks the
audience, and shows the extent of the injury. There are then a mix of shots, from long shots
to mid shots of the presenter walking, stating that she is
going to a new location.

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A shallow depth of field is used, of a police hat, which establishes to the audience an
authoritative figure, and a new location. A tripod is used again, which is professional, as they
are interviewing a chief constable. Mid shots and shot reverse shots are used in the
interview, which create a steady atmosphere. This cuts to a
close up when talking about serious issues, showing the
importance of the issue. More phone footage is used, giving
the audience another perspective. We join the presenter in
the car again, stating that she is going to a new location,
which is followed by aerial shots, showing another heavily
diverse town. Another person is introduced, through high
angle long shots, which gives the sense that they are in an
unsafe atmosphere. A shallow depth of field mid close up is
used, showing that this woman has important points to say,
and that she should be taken seriously. Whilst she is talking,
there are shots corresponding to them. For instance, there
are long shots of people smoking, kids playing and busy
streets. As these are long shots it connotes that they are
keeping their distance and there is danger.
There is then a long tracking shot of the presenter, to a new
set of people. There is an instant close up of a masked man
to shock the audience immediately. Long shots are then
used showing the men’s hand movements, connoting that
they are violent men, and that the audience should keep
their distance from them. Lastly, a series of shots are used
from extreme long shots to mid shots of the first boy who
was interviewed. Close ups are used, to show the emotion of
the boy and the trouble he has gone through. An extreme
long shot is used of the boy and his mother walking away, to
end the documentary on a despondent note.
Sound (Millie West)
Panorama is an informative documentary style company who aims their videos and
content at audiences around the ages of 16 and above. This may influence the
choice of mode of address used by the host and other featured participants.
There are many different forms and types of sound used in the media production,
‘Panorama - Hate on the Street’.Towards the start of this formal documentary, the
clash of a symbol is heard. This is type of incidental, and non diegetic music. (Sound
that has been edited in during the post production stage and cannot be heard by
characters, as it comes from out of a text's own world) The use of the symbols as
well as the beating of drums both help to symbolise the opening and start of the
short documentary.

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The general pattern for the most part of the
documentary consists of flickering between our host
‘Livvy Haydock’s narration and the interviews that
she carries out. All of the narration that is
incorporated in the production is non-diegetic.
(meaning mentioned above) In contrast, all of the
interviews that are shown in the production are
synchronous and diegetic. Synchronous sound is the
type whereby a noise matches an action, which in
turn creates a realistic atmosphere. Diegetic sound is
the opposition to non-diegetic; this means the sound can be heard by other
characters and comes from a source from within. As briefly mentioned, the use of
synchronicity and diegeticicity help to aid the realism and importance of the real
situations that victims have been faced with and the unfortunate ongoing occurrence
of hate and crime on the street.
During the course of the narration and interviews, sound bridges are used. These
are images that are shown as part of the production in
parallel to types of sound recorded either independently or
as part of an interview or narrative scene. These images
tend to be relevant to the sound heard. An example of a
sound bridge used in this documentary is when a former
victim of a hate crime is showing his scar from the
incident. Whilst he continues to talk images of his injury,
obviously quite recently after the attack happened. The
camera is them focused back onto the victim and
Haydock. Sound bridges help to further aid the audience in
terms of detail and information a topic, it can make a
production both interactive and engaging to watch.
Verisimilitude is used on a number of occasions. These
are pieces of sound that are used to make a media
production seem realistic. Namely examples include the
sound of boats, seagulls, public noise in a busy area and
general car noises, which all help to add a sense of
realism into the production. Some of these forms of verisimilitude are synchronous,

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meaning that they are heard in time with an action, whilst others are
not; yet all are diegetic as all of the sounds recorded can be heard
by characters in the production and they come from within a text's own world.
Incidental music is one of the largest forms of sound used in this documentary.
Incidental music is that of which is played during dramatic programmes to help add
and create atmosphere and feeling in a scene. Some of the music used is intended
to create a tense, eerie, gloomy or dangerous atmosphere in a scene. By changing
the music and there for the atmosphere of a scene, a producer and editor are able to
adapt any audience's feelings towards a piece of media. This can be done through
the pitch of the music. For example, a low piece of music can create a tense or
gloomy atmosphere. The low music can also foreshadow something negative, like a
sad story, which is one of the scenarios that incidental music is used in this
production. The types of instruments used to create the incidental music also plays a
huge role in the effect that it can have on an audience, for example the use of a
piano, or the use of a lower key can create a feeling of danger. Moreover, a violin
can create an intense feeling of eeriness. The speed of the music can also influence
the effect that it has on the audience, for example
slow music may create an unknown and suspicious
atmosphere, whereas faster music may create a tense
and at the edge of your seat kind of atmosphere. An
example of when this music is used is in when
individual storytellers are explaining their hate crime
experiences.
In contrast to the negative incidental music used, some more positive music is
incorporated into the documentary. Chirpy incidental music is used in a shot whereby
there are many people in a public area. This music can represent the busy buzz of
the location and make the audience feel as though they are part of it. It gives a
positive vibe and lifts the atmosphere of the scene when the music is played. At a
separate point in the documentary, just after a scene where low music is used, to
create a somber atmosphere, dubstep type music is incorporated to play.
Considering this music is more upbeat, again a positive atmosphere is created.
Finally, when the is a focus on a football pitch, the use of more positive incidental
music is established. This may be due to the fact that as a sport, football is
associated with fun - people enjoying themselves, as well as laughter and people
happiness. This then means that there are positive vibes projected from the

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documentary - as a result of the music - onto the audience and the
atmosphere. Most people are able to relate to football and so the
use of upbeat music rises the general atmosphere as many viewers and audiences
are able to relate to the subject of football and good music.
There are many different modes of address used
throughout the production. One of the first is when
our host Haydock, speaks directly to the audience.
We know that he is passionate about what she has
to say, due to her use of gesticulation. She is
walking through a school that educates polish
students at the weekend and we can really feel her
enthusiasm by her choice of words and tone of
voice.
The fact that she is walking through the school at
the current moment that the weekend school is in
operation, adds to the realism of the situation and
documentary. This uses synchronous and diegetic
sound methods.

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There are many different examples of mode of address
that are shown throughout the documentary using
independently recorded hate crime evidence - filmed by
the public. One example is when video evidence of hate
on the street is shown.The video consists of a man on a
bus shouting and screaming over the edge of the
barrier on the second floor of the vehicle. The tone of his voice is evidently angry and
annoyed, and this is also explicitly shown through his choice of words and colorful
language. A second example of mode of address used in the documentary is when
another piece of public filmed evidence is shown. The synchronous and diegetic
piece of media shows a man on the streets of east
London shouting and screaming at people who are
assumed to be in front of him. His use of swear words,
gesticulation and body language (leant forward and
constantly moving about) all imply that the man is
extremely angry, and it quickly begins to create a
silencing atmosphere and make the audience feel tense
and on edge.
There are some synchronous and diegetic interviews
shown throughout the documentary that have non
diegetic, low key music incorporated in the background
of them. Yet in some cases, this is not the case, and
the only sound that can be hard is that of
asynchronous and either the interviewees or hosts soul
voice. One of the main times that this happens is when
one of the interviewee’s are reading and explaining the
horrifically increasing statistics regarding hate on the
street. In this instance, no extra incidental music is
added to emphasise the man's voice and the awful
facts that he is announcing, and no extra noise is needed to help enforce the
importance of this topic. The use of asynchronous sound is to enforce realism. That
even though these terrible crimes are occurring in society on a regular basis, life still
goes on and ordinary London life continues.

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Another form of sound used in this production is voice overs. During
an interview with 3 youths, by a set of garages in East London,
Haydock asks them a series of questions and as they begin to answer, a small piece
of text appears at the bottom saying ‘Actors Voices’. The
voice over would have been the exact language and tone
used by the boys when they answered the questions
directly. The voices of the actors voice represents that of
the interviewee’s, and therefore there voices sound quite
common. They use a range of harsh language and try to
emphasise their points through the use of gesticulation. It
is evident that they are truly passionate about the subject.The use and need of the
voice overs is to hide the interviewee’s true identity. Wearing bandanas to cover their
faces also aids this protection of identity.
To end the documentary, there is an interview with one
of the victims of hate crime This synchronous and
diegetic interview is extremely monotone, which
represents how upset and sad they are about the
atrocities that they have faced, regarding the hate that
they have received. The use of their monotone voices creates a somber mood, and
makes the audience feel sorry for the victims and all of those who have been
affected by the crime. The quiet yet deep incidental music also enforces this low
atmosphere and mood that is spread to the audience.
The credits are accompanied by some non diegetic
sound for drama. This low and light piano music leaves
the audience thinking about the informative and horrific
content that they have watched and it makes them
begin to question their own personal viewpoint on the
topic. It leaves them feeling somber and terrible about the situation that they have
learnt so much about.
Ben Karrass - editing
The episode start off showing pictures of examples of
different hate messages on the street. Editors start the
episode like this as it can give a good introduction on what
is going to be going on in the episode, A clip of fighting on

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the bus is also included as it can engage the audience with what
things are happening in the world. Hate on the streets have risen
over the past couple of years and as the editors add pictures being zoomed in it can
add effect to the viewers. Editors zoom in pictures at the
beginning as it can make the audience feel as if they need
to view the images as they get bigger. Zooming in on the
hate messages can also emphasises the effect it can
have on people who may be living in these areas or
people who are living in england who are polish or
muslims etc. This can scare the audience as it seems as
people think others who weren't born in the country
deserve to live in england when this is not the case.
One picture in the documentary includes a swear word.
The editors blur this out as it's not suitable and it
unacceptable behaviour. The words can’t be used on Tv
during the hours of viewing eg watershed, because of this
they word must be blurred as it's inappropriate and will not
be allowed to be viewed on TV. During the documentary not of different cuts are
used, mainly fast or slow cuts are produced as the editors don't need to make the
documentary too complicated for viewers. There is also parallel editing throughout
the episode, editors do this to give the audience an understanding of a story being
told. Using parallel editing will make the documentary feel more meaningful to watch
as you can view what actually happened to people who are telling stories of their
past on hate on the street.
The editors use different cuts to view images and videos on attacks in the past.
When the editors pu the attacks on the episode it will be able to show the audience
that the people who filmed the fight filmed on a different device as the video doesn't
fill the whole screen.
Blurred face of victim are viewed in CCTV footage as
the people may not want the public to see their identity.
However at the bottom of the screen the editors have
included a note specifying that the footage is in fact
CCTV this shows the audience the source where they
got their footage from.This is for their own safety so the
editors need to take this into consideration and blur their faces. The editors need to
listen to what the people want as it's their identity. Another example of blurred faces
in the documentary is when the interviewer is interviewing people involved with
different attacks. Their faces are also blurred as they don't want the public to
recognise them. Not only do people want their faces blurred but the attackers also
have their voices narrated by actors as they don't want any of their identity to be
leaked on air as the show will be broadcasted on TV to the public. As their voices are

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narrated over the editors need to specify this and they add a note at
the bottom of the screen explaining that it's an actor's voice to hide
their identity and its not them actually speaking. People are not the only things that
editors had to blur, number plates are also included as people don't want their
number plates to be leaked on national TV. As this can
be dangerous because people can access personal
information with just a number plate to editors blur them
out to keep their identity safe.
Narration is used throughout the whole episode of
panorama as people are telling the interviewer
different stories. Having narration during a
documentary is good as it can give a better
understanding to a story, The editors would show
clips or even a video of actors reenacting the
story, as the actors do this the viewers would get a
better understanding of the story as they are being
shown what happened when it's being told. Narration is also used when showing
locations as it can relate to the audience if the attacks may occur in their areas.
As the logo is shown after an introduction of the
episode it is simple as it wants to catch the
audience's eye easily. The logo is behind a blank
black screen meaning that the only thing they can
see on the screen is the logo to catch the
audience's eye. The logo zooms in to show effect
to the audience that this is a serious episode. The
simpleness of the logo makes it show the
audience that its formal and important. When the
show introduces the interviewer it shown her name
and occupation at the bottom of the screen to
allow the audience to identify who she is and what
she has to do with the show. This is also occurs
when showing a new location, at the bottom of the
screen it shown the source where the location is
recorded or even where the narration is recorded.
For example, while the interviewer is narrating, at
the bottom it states that the source where it is
recorded form is a home office. The editors also
try and get the audience involved with panorama
and a talk about the subject of hate on the street.
The editors do this by adding a hashtag during the
opening of the episode to show that the audience can use it to talk to others who
have watched the episode to see other peoples views on the situation.

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Editors have added suspicious music to scenes which contain
serious stories as it can impact the audience and make them feel more aware of the
story being told. Editors have to always make sure
that they add music in the right places of the
documentary to make sure that it works and has an
impact towards the audience. As the interviewer
interviewed different people throughout the
documentary the people who were interviewed
were recognised as their name and occupation
was shown at the bottom of the screen. Their names were in capital letters to allow
the audience to spot their names quickly. Furthermore next to their name and
occupation there was also a logo representing the panorama series to show that
these people being interviewed may work for the
company.
Some clips that may be hard to understand have
got added subtitles done by the editors to allow
people to understand what he is saying and what
message they are trying to get across. Videos also
include a note at the top of the screen, this
includes where the clip was taken and what date
to show the audience what areas these hate
crimes are occurring. Computer logos are blurred
out as it can cause copyright over the company
that owns the logo.
The credits of the panorama episode are simple
and fast that includes the company log to add
copyright to the show, the logo is shown at the end
to show the company. The credits have nothing
behind it and just contains a black screen with
white writing, this allows the show to keep the
formal layout and to show the audience that the matter of the show is serious.
Ben G mise en scene (Colour design, costumes, decor, props) location and setting
The setting seems to be in an informal area considering it seems like a poor area
with protesting on the street. Hate on the street to strangers is so bad and it happens
so often. The off licence is a cheap place for booze, drugs and food the setting

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seems like it's in and unprofessional area. People
that are hiding their identify it shows to us that
there either dangerous people or hiding because
they don't want to get caught. Another reason
would be that they don't want people to know who
they are as they are talking about gang related
topics. But in this case they are hiding because
they are bad people because the location is in a
informal and unprofessional place.
There are lots of crazy people out there giving
people hate on the street but it's usually the same
certain people involved, either homeless people,
builders but basically people with unprofessional jobs and
belong on the streets. Also gangs give people a lot of
random hate because they always like to cause
trouble. The costumes people on the street are mainly the
same it's either coats, jumpers, tracksuit bottoms or
jeans.
This is shown throughout the video which
suggests that on the street there’s different
types of people some english some from
czech republic, etc which people then think that it's
okay to give people hate on the street because
they're different to each other.
This seems to be the only part throughout the whole
documentary that is professional where they are
looking at statistics in certain areas and information
about what's happening on the street. The location
seems to be in a office in a nicer place the
background doesn't tell us much as you can't see
much.
Mise en scene (Lighting, make up, location/setting both of us) - Nikon Ahamed

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Lighting
This episode has no external lighting being
used and you can see it by the quality of the
product in general which though looks
professional, with good camera positioning
and a variation of shots being used, lacks in
the lighting department. The only element that
is easily noticeable is the use of the weather
and natural light to emphasise the feelings of
the scenes specifically as in nearly all scenes
where the victims were storytelling their events
the weather was cloudy as if it was about to
rain to emphasise pathetic fallacy. This dull
and dark weather creates a better pace as it
fits the scenes and their stories as it is on
racist attacks mostly.
Seen as the lighting is natural, the ending
product will reflect realism and this is also how
the product has been recorded. At 3:57 the
scene being shown for example is a family
gathering and seen as it is an enjoyable
moment, there is high key lighting with bright
colours being used to show the family's
innocence. At 24:01 we can see that in this scene the location emphasises the low
key lighting as it looks like they are in an abandoned place emphasising the negative
sentiments the people being interviewed have towards immigrants in this case.
Make up
There is no evident use of makeup in this episode and this links to the lighting use as
the producers tried to leave the product as natural as possible, though, some
foundation and light make up has been used on the interviewer to avoid the
reflection of the light from being seen on screen
and this is a common use of makeup in digital
products as it makes it look more professional
as if there has been put more effort and detail
on it.
Location/setting
The locations being used are clearly natural, on-
street and urbanised locations in the suburbs where the average people live,
therefore the population living there will be for the majority, middle class with an
income that allows to live them with some disposable income at the end of each

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month. This is why this documentary is aimed at them as racist
attacks are more likely to happen on this type of people as they are
the ones who come from outside Uk to settle up and try to have a new life in a
different country. Likewise, the community of people this documentary is targeted at
may be somewhat related to the lifestyle of those who were interviewed during the
documentary meaning that the audience may get involved more as they feel like it is
more about them.
Theories
Uses and gratifications - Ben Karrass
Uses and gratifications theory is an approach to understanding why and how people
actively seek out specific media to satisfy specific needs. An individual may have
different needs such as: personal relationship, these are people that watch the
media to fulfill their needs for companionship and to form relationships with others.
Another need is personal identity where people would watch content to find out more
about themselves and to relate to the media. Lastly it includes surveillance as it will
allow people to find out about things going on in the world that may relate to the
people watching.
This show can brings out surveillance to the public as it educates the viewers on
things happening in the world at the moment. It will also allow the audience to see
where attacks are happening so they can feel safe or to know if they need to be
aware in their area of residence. The show also fulfills the need of entertainment to
the viewers. People can interact with each other using social media. The show fulfills
interaction via social media to allow people to talk to others based on the episode of
panorama. This shows that personal relationship is also involved in this documentary
as viewers can meet people via social media and interact with them.
Decoding - Ben Goldstone
The audience is both the sender and the receiver of the message. Tv producers
seek to audiences to find out what people enjoy the most for tv programmes. It helps
producer to write a script for a tv programme because they know what the audience
want. Once the TV programme is created the audience provides feedback to the
producers resulting in the producers to then continue to produce what they were
doing or create something new that they think the audience will like. Decoding is a
very helpful process because the producers want to make something that they think
will make good money so the feedback they get from their target audience helps
them in so many ways because producers need to focus on entertaining people.
When a message is meaningfully decoded it will then serve its purpose to either
inform, persuade, entertain or restrict the receiver with a very cognitive, emotional,
ideological or behaviour consequences.

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The audience decode the meaning depending on what they feel
about the tv programme and think about it. Along will how they have
lots of great technologie with them to use. Stuart hall suggests that there are three
ways the receiver can decode the message, being a dominant reader which means
when the receiver accepts and reproduces the code to the producers, negotiated
reading when a code is broadly received but only partially shared with the producer
and also oppositional reader which means when the receiver understands the
reading but rejects the code.
Encoding - Nikon Ahamed
Encoding involves the theory invented by the theorist Stuart Hall who in 1973 stated
the theory of Encoding and Decoding. Based on the theory, as the audience
engages with the media text he/she will understand a particular text accordingly to
their social information and state. Therefore the producer will want to include certain
elements to make the viewer/consumer more engaged with the text which is part of
Encoding as producers are the ones who want to convey their messages to the
audience. When the message of the product gets encoded in the product it will then
get delivered to the audience when consuming it and it’s the producers’ job to make
the message easily understandable as well as cognitive and compelling for the
audience.
For example, at 11:38 we can see the way in which the camera angles have been
set and used made the whole message that the producers are trying to imply easier
to consume for the reader; in this case the mixture of shots and close-ups are there
to emphasise the feelings of the victim being interviewed and then making the
audience understand that the problem the documentary is issuing is actually a key
problem that’s affecting many people and that needs to be taken into consideration.
This applies to other instances such as at 4:38 where the viewer can clearly see the
feelings and emotions of the woman who is being interviewed which gives them the
message the writer is trying to convey.
Moral Panics - Millie West
The ‘Theory of Moral Panics’ was invented by a man called Stanley Cohen (1972).
This was the idea that a piece of media would focus on the negative aspects of a
subject or story and exaggerate them. This, consequently makes the subject seem
like a ‘widespread issue’. This new ‘issue’ is then able to control the public through
fear, and and can, as a result, create separations of groups in society.

Nikon Ahamed
In regards to hate on the street, the moral panic surrounding this
issue is enforced by the statistics showing a rapid increase in
numbers regarding the amount of hate crimes that happen. This means that the
subject and stories of incidents get spoken about more, and they get more exposure
which makes the topic more likely to become subject to moral panic. The speak of
‘Brexit’ in the documentary explains how victims have seen an increase in the mount
of verbal hate since the vote, which means that not only are the numbers increasing,
but no items are needed to commit this crime. Verbal assault is still rightfully classed
as a hate crime and so anyone is able to commit this degrading crime. Similarly,
anyone can be a victim - even by literally being in the wrong place at the wrong time.
Similarly to ‘VICE’S - The Rise of Acid Attacks’, there is a strong East London focus
whereby those who feature are mostly legal immigrants from countries such as
Spain, Poland and Italy, who have experienced some sort of race crimes since
moving to Britain. Other features’ also include those who have foreign heritage, yet
were born and bred in Britain. Yet again it is evident that there are only few
caucasians featured in the production. As a result of this moral panic, people are
more reluctant to go out onto the streets - especially in East London, simply out of
rational fear of being subject to a hate crime.
Equilibrium - Lauren Rosenfeld
In 1969 Todorov produced a theory which he believed could be applied to any film.
He believed that all films followed the same narrative pattern. They all went through
stages called the equilibrium, disequilibrium, acknowledgement, solving and again
equilibrium.
There are five stages the narrative can progress through:
1. A state of equilibrium.
2. A disruption of that order by an event.
3. A recognition that the disorder has occurred.
4. An attempt to repair the damage of the disruption.
5. A return or restoration of a new equilibrium.
Apart from the introduction, Panorama – Hate on the Street is similar to The Rise in
Acid Attacks documentary in that it follows some elements of the equilibrium theory.
For instance, the documentary starts off calm, and at a state of equilibrium, as we
are introduced to the presenter. There is then a state of disruption, shown through
footage of protests and as we hear the story of a boy who has been a victim of hate
crime. Much like the first documentary analysed, Panorama also does not follow the
third stage of the theory, as there is recognition of the disruption throughout. There is
then an attempt to repair, as the presenter interviews professionals from a professor
to a chief constable, in an attempt to repair the situation. Lastly, there is not a return

Nikon Ahamed
to equilibrium, as the disruption that first occurred is not solved,
leaving the documentary on a somber note.

Contextual analysis 1 - Panorama

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