Constitution
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The constitution is defined as the fundamental laws and principles that establish and regulate a government. It serves to define the organization of the government, delegate powers, and provide stability and order. A constitution typically collects the basic laws of the state, sets limits on government power, and defines the relationship between the government and its citizens. Constitutions can also be classified based on the type of government they establish, how easily they can be amended, and whether their provisions are written in a single document or compiled from various sources.
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Concept of constitution polsci slide
Meaning of Constitution
In broad sense, the term constitution
refers to that body of rules and principles
in accordance with which the powers of
sovereignty are regularly exercised.
It maybe defined as that written
instrument by which the fundamental
powers of the government are established,
limited, and defined and by which these
powers are distributed among the several
departments or branches for their safe
and useful exercise for the benefit of the
people. Nature and purpose or function of
constitution
the charter creating the government. It has the
status of a supreme or fundamental law as it
speaks for the entire people from whom it derives
its claim to obedience.
It is binding on all individual citizens and all
organs of the government.
It is the law to which other laws must conform
and in accordance with which all private rights
must be determined and all public authority
administered.
It is a test of the legality of all government
action, whether proceeding from the highest
official or lowest functionary.
Concept of state rpc
The document discusses concepts related to politics, governance, and government. It defines key terms like state, sovereignty, territory, government, and administration. It also describes different forms of government according to factors like the number of rulers, relationship between national and local governments, status of those in power, and relationship between executive and legislature. Finally, it discusses principles governing the operations of governmental powers like separation of powers and checks and balances.
CONCEPT OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT
This document defines the key concepts of state and government. It identifies four essential elements that make up a state: people, territory, sovereignty, and government. It describes the functions of government as constituent and ministrant. Various forms of government are also outlined based on factors like the number of rulers, the relationship between national and local governments, and the separation of powers. Key powers inherent in the state are also defined, including police power, eminent domain, and taxation.
Constitution
The document defines a constitution as the fundamental laws that regulate the rights of government and citizens. It explains that constitutions can be written or unwritten, and classified as historical/revolutionary or a priori. Constitutions establish the framework of government, assign powers, and protect citizen rights. They can be enacted, conventional, rigid or flexible depending on the amendment process. Key parts include the preamble, articles, and amendments. Qualities of a good constitution include being brief, broad, clear, and enduring changing times. The Philippines' 1987 Constitution reestablished democracy, separated church and state, and enshrined sovereignty of the people.
Polsc2 4 kinds of constitution
This document defines and describes different types of constitutions. It explains that a constitution serves as the fundamental law that structures a government and protects citizens' rights. Constitutions can be written or unwritten, enacted by a group or evolved over time, and more or less difficult to amend. Written constitutions explicitly lay out rules, while unwritten ones rely more on tradition. Enacted constitutions are deliberately created while evolved ones develop gradually. Rigid constitutions have stringent amendment procedures, whereas flexible ones can be modified like ordinary laws.
Theoryofsovereignty1 150428130252-conversion-gate01
This document discusses theories of sovereignty, including:
- John Austin's theory of absolute sovereignty, which defines sovereignty as residing in a single determinate human authority who receives habitual obedience.
- Pluralist theories that reject the idea of absolute state sovereignty and argue sovereignty is distributed among various social groups and associations, not just the state.
- The document analyzes key aspects of both theories, their supporters and critics, highlighting debates around the concentration or distribution of political power.
Session 1 phil constitution class
The document discusses the constitution as the fundamental law of the Philippines. It defines a constitution as the written instrument that establishes and limits the fundamental powers of government and distributes them among branches. The key elements of a state are also outlined. The constitution is described as the supreme law that all other laws must conform to, as it is the legitimate source of a government's power and control. Examples of recent constitutional issues in the Philippines are also provided.
Political Science, State and Government, Constitution
1) Political science is the systematic study of the state and government. It deals with how humans organize themselves into political communities and the relations between citizens, groups, and the state.
2) The scope of political science includes political theory, public law, and public administration. It also examines the interrelationships between political phenomena and other fields like history and economics.
3) Political science aims to discover principles for public affairs, study government operations, and address problems of social welfare and international cooperation. It seeks to educate citizens and promote understanding of government.
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Concept of constitution polsci slide
Meaning of Constitution
In broad sense, the term constitution
refers to that body of rules and principles
in accordance with which the powers of
sovereignty are regularly exercised.
It maybe defined as that written
instrument by which the fundamental
powers of the government are established,
limited, and defined and by which these
powers are distributed among the several
departments or branches for their safe
and useful exercise for the benefit of the
people. Nature and purpose or function of
constitution
the charter creating the government. It has the
status of a supreme or fundamental law as it
speaks for the entire people from whom it derives
its claim to obedience.
It is binding on all individual citizens and all
organs of the government.
It is the law to which other laws must conform
and in accordance with which all private rights
must be determined and all public authority
administered.
It is a test of the legality of all government
action, whether proceeding from the highest
official or lowest functionary.
Concept of state rpc
The document discusses concepts related to politics, governance, and government. It defines key terms like state, sovereignty, territory, government, and administration. It also describes different forms of government according to factors like the number of rulers, relationship between national and local governments, status of those in power, and relationship between executive and legislature. Finally, it discusses principles governing the operations of governmental powers like separation of powers and checks and balances.
CONCEPT OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT
This document defines the key concepts of state and government. It identifies four essential elements that make up a state: people, territory, sovereignty, and government. It describes the functions of government as constituent and ministrant. Various forms of government are also outlined based on factors like the number of rulers, the relationship between national and local governments, and the separation of powers. Key powers inherent in the state are also defined, including police power, eminent domain, and taxation.
Constitution
The document defines a constitution as the fundamental laws that regulate the rights of government and citizens. It explains that constitutions can be written or unwritten, and classified as historical/revolutionary or a priori. Constitutions establish the framework of government, assign powers, and protect citizen rights. They can be enacted, conventional, rigid or flexible depending on the amendment process. Key parts include the preamble, articles, and amendments. Qualities of a good constitution include being brief, broad, clear, and enduring changing times. The Philippines' 1987 Constitution reestablished democracy, separated church and state, and enshrined sovereignty of the people.
Polsc2 4 kinds of constitution
This document defines and describes different types of constitutions. It explains that a constitution serves as the fundamental law that structures a government and protects citizens' rights. Constitutions can be written or unwritten, enacted by a group or evolved over time, and more or less difficult to amend. Written constitutions explicitly lay out rules, while unwritten ones rely more on tradition. Enacted constitutions are deliberately created while evolved ones develop gradually. Rigid constitutions have stringent amendment procedures, whereas flexible ones can be modified like ordinary laws.
Theoryofsovereignty1 150428130252-conversion-gate01
This document discusses theories of sovereignty, including:
- John Austin's theory of absolute sovereignty, which defines sovereignty as residing in a single determinate human authority who receives habitual obedience.
- Pluralist theories that reject the idea of absolute state sovereignty and argue sovereignty is distributed among various social groups and associations, not just the state.
- The document analyzes key aspects of both theories, their supporters and critics, highlighting debates around the concentration or distribution of political power.
Session 1 phil constitution class
The document discusses the constitution as the fundamental law of the Philippines. It defines a constitution as the written instrument that establishes and limits the fundamental powers of government and distributes them among branches. The key elements of a state are also outlined. The constitution is described as the supreme law that all other laws must conform to, as it is the legitimate source of a government's power and control. Examples of recent constitutional issues in the Philippines are also provided.
Political Science, State and Government, Constitution
1) Political science is the systematic study of the state and government. It deals with how humans organize themselves into political communities and the relations between citizens, groups, and the state.
2) The scope of political science includes political theory, public law, and public administration. It also examines the interrelationships between political phenomena and other fields like history and economics.
3) Political science aims to discover principles for public affairs, study government operations, and address problems of social welfare and international cooperation. It seeks to educate citizens and promote understanding of government.
Principles of State, Government and Constitution
Lecture slides for an undergraduate class on Philippine Politics and Governance I taught between 2003 and 2005.
The lecture this was used for was meant to provide an introduction to subsequent lectures on various parts of the 1987 Philippine Constitution that would take up the better part of the course.
These slides were prepared using Powerpoint XP.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
http://brianbelen.blogspot.com
http://brianbelen.wordpress.com
What’S So Great About Constitutionalism
This document summarizes and evaluates ten leading accounts of constitutionalism that can be found in cases and commentary. It argues that none of the accounts - including agency, precommitment, and checks and balances - provide a satisfactory description of the U.S. constitutional system or unambiguously attractive justifications for constitutionalism. The document then offers an alternative description of U.S. constitutional practices and a brief normative assessment.
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The document discusses the Philippine government and constitution. It covers the following key points:
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3. It discusses the Philippine government throughout history, including the pre-Spanish, Spanish colonial, revolutionary, American, Japanese occupation, and provisional periods. It examines the different forms of government that existed during these times.
4. It analyzes the key concepts and parts of the constitution,
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The constitution establishes the fundamental rules that govern a sovereign state and defines the relationship between state powers. A form of government refers to the political institutions through which a state exerts its powers over citizens, even if unsuccessful. The state consists of institutions with involuntary power to regulate life within a territory through a sovereign authority.
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This document provides an overview of political science, including its introduction, classification, scope, components of the state and government, and significance. It covers the definition of political science as the scientific study of the state and government. It also identifies Thomas Hobbes as the father of modern political science and outlines the key classifications and scope of political science based on Western traditional thought, including political theories, organization, parties, opinion, and international relations. Finally, it discusses the importance of political science in understanding the modern politically organized world.
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The document defines the key elements that characterize a state:
1) A population residing within a fixed territory. There is no minimum or maximum threshold for the size of the population or territory.
2) An organized government that acts as the machinery through which the state exercises its supreme power and performs various functions.
3) Sovereignty, which is the most important characteristic of a state. Sovereignty refers to the state having supreme power and ultimate authority with no entity above it, both internally over its population and externally as an independent entity not under foreign control.
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2) It discusses essential elements of the state like the people, territory, government, and sovereignty, explaining their meanings under the Philippine constitution.
3) It covers theories of state origins and the development of political science as an academic discipline, citing thinkers like Aristotle, Machiavelli, and Lieber.
4) It distinguishes between concepts like citizenship and nationality, and the differences between a nation and state.
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A political constitution establishes the basic principles and organization of a government, defining how power is distributed between branches and limiting their functions. A form of government refers to the set of institutions that organize how a state exerts power over its people, regardless of the government's effectiveness. The state consists of involuntary institutions with sovereign power to regulate national life within a territory through establishing rules for society and having internal and external authority over that land.
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Article III of the Philippine Constitution recognizes and protects fundamental individual rights, including due process, equal protection, freedom from unreasonable search and seizure, right to privacy, free speech, and peaceful assembly. It outlines specific rights of the accused such as right to bail, speedy trial, protection against self-incrimination, prohibition of ex post facto laws and double jeopardy. The article also guarantees access to courts, habeas corpus, and speedy disposition of cases.
Changing the Constitution
This document discusses amending or revising the Philippine constitution. It explains that the constitution can be changed through a cumbersome process rather than ordinary legislation, and that sovereignty resides with the people who must approve any changes. It distinguishes that an amendment changes part of the constitution while revision rewrites the entire document. The steps for changing the constitution involve proposals from the upper house, lower house of Congress, or a constitutional convention, with final approval requiring a plebiscite of qualified voters. People can also directly propose amendments through a petition process.
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Principles of State, Government and Constitution
Lecture slides for an undergraduate class on Philippine Politics and Governance I taught between 2003 and 2005.
The lecture this was used for was meant to provide an introduction to subsequent lectures on various parts of the 1987 Philippine Constitution that would take up the better part of the course.
These slides were prepared using Powerpoint XP.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
http://brianbelen.blogspot.com
http://brianbelen.wordpress.com
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This document summarizes and evaluates ten leading accounts of constitutionalism that can be found in cases and commentary. It argues that none of the accounts - including agency, precommitment, and checks and balances - provide a satisfactory description of the U.S. constitutional system or unambiguously attractive justifications for constitutionalism. The document then offers an alternative description of U.S. constitutional practices and a brief normative assessment.
Concepts of state and government
The document discusses the Philippine government and constitution. It covers the following key points:
1. It outlines the basic concepts of political science and the study of the state and government. It also discusses the scope and functions of political science.
2. It describes the basic concepts of the state, including the elements of the state, theories on the origin of the state, and the inherent powers of the state.
3. It discusses the Philippine government throughout history, including the pre-Spanish, Spanish colonial, revolutionary, American, Japanese occupation, and provisional periods. It examines the different forms of government that existed during these times.
4. It analyzes the key concepts and parts of the constitution,
Trabajo De Sociales Campo Elias
The constitution establishes the fundamental rules that govern a sovereign state and defines the relationship between state powers. A form of government refers to the political institutions through which a state exerts its powers over citizens, even if unsuccessful. The state consists of institutions with involuntary power to regulate life within a territory through a sovereign authority.
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The document discusses key concepts in social studies including what constitutes a political constitution, form of government, and state. A constitution establishes the principles and divisions of power in a government. A form of government refers to how political power is organized and distributed in a state. A state is a self-governing political entity that can also be considered a country.
Concepts of state and government
The document discusses the key differences between a state and a government. A state is a broader concept that encompasses territory, people, sovereignty and government. It is a permanent entity, while governments are temporary agencies that are delegated power by the state. A state possesses absolute sovereignty, while a government's powers are derived and limited. Citizens belong to the permanent state but only some are part of the temporary governing body. The state is an abstract concept while government is the concrete organization that acts on its behalf.
Foundation for political science
This document provides an overview of political science, including its introduction, classification, scope, components of the state and government, and significance. It covers the definition of political science as the scientific study of the state and government. It also identifies Thomas Hobbes as the father of modern political science and outlines the key classifications and scope of political science based on Western traditional thought, including political theories, organization, parties, opinion, and international relations. Finally, it discusses the importance of political science in understanding the modern politically organized world.
State and elements
The document defines the key elements that characterize a state:
1) A population residing within a fixed territory. There is no minimum or maximum threshold for the size of the population or territory.
2) An organized government that acts as the machinery through which the state exercises its supreme power and performs various functions.
3) Sovereignty, which is the most important characteristic of a state. Sovereignty refers to the state having supreme power and ultimate authority with no entity above it, both internally over its population and externally as an independent entity not under foreign control.
The state and elements
The state is the most powerful social institution and consists of four key elements - population, territory, government, and sovereignty. Population and territory form the physical bases of the state, as a state needs people living within a defined geographical area. Government is the political organization through which a state's will is formulated and enacted. Sovereignty is the supreme legal authority of a state, both internally over its own citizens and associations, and externally in its independence from foreign control.
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The document defines key concepts related to constitutions including:
1) A constitution establishes the fundamental powers and principles that govern a nation and defines how these powers are distributed among branches of government.
2) Constitutional law deals with the nature, formation, amendment, and interpretation of constitutions.
3) Constitutions can be written or unwritten, rigid or flexible depending on their origin and process for amendment.
4) An ideal written constitution is brief, broad, and definite while establishing the structure of government, individual liberties, and national sovereignty.
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This document provides an introduction to the field of political science. It defines political science as the systematic study of state and government, a social science that examines how human beings organize themselves politically. The document outlines the scope of political science, including political theory, public law, and public administration. It also defines key concepts like the state, government, and sovereignty. The state is defined as a community with a territory, people, government, and sovereignty. Several theories on the origin of the state are discussed, including natural, patriarchal, force, divine right, and social contract theories. The document concludes by distinguishing between a state and a nation.
Introduction to political science
Political science is defined as the study of the state and government. It analyzes the stages of studying political science from a religious to a modern stage. Key figures like Aristotle and Machiavelli contributed to the development of political science. A state is defined as a group of people occupying a definite territory with an independent government and sovereignty. The difference between a nation and a state is that a nation refers to a ethnic or racial group, while a state is a legal concept. Citizenship can be changed but nationality is absolute and innate.
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The document discusses key concepts of constitutions including that a constitution (1) establishes the fundamental rules and principles that govern a system of government, (2) serves as the supreme law of the land, and (3) establishes the basic framework and underlying principles of government including defining the powers of governmental branches. A constitution can be written or unwritten, and rigid constitutions are more difficult to amend than flexible constitutions. Key aspects of a good written constitution discussed are that it should be brief, broad, and definite.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in political science and governance, including:
1) It defines political science as the systematic study of the state and government, and outlines its main areas of focus.
2) It discusses essential elements of the state like the people, territory, government, and sovereignty, explaining their meanings under the Philippine constitution.
3) It covers theories of state origins and the development of political science as an academic discipline, citing thinkers like Aristotle, Machiavelli, and Lieber.
4) It distinguishes between concepts like citizenship and nationality, and the differences between a nation and state.
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The document discusses the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. It begins by defining what a constitution is and describing different types of constitutions. It then provides details on the framing and ratification of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, including that it was drafted by a Constitutional Commission and ratified by plebiscite. The document concludes by outlining the Preamble and several Articles of the 1987 Constitution pertaining to principles, policies, and rights.
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A political constitution establishes the basic principles and organization of a government, defining how power is distributed between branches and limiting their functions. A form of government refers to the set of institutions that organize how a state exerts power over its people, regardless of the government's effectiveness. The state consists of involuntary institutions with sovereign power to regulate national life within a territory through establishing rules for society and having internal and external authority over that land.
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The document discusses key concepts related to the 1987 Philippine Constitution, including its preamble, fundamental objectives, and authorship. It notes that the constitution seeks to build a just and humane society under a government that will promote general welfare and preserve independence and democracy. The preamble introduces the Filipino people as the sovereign authors of the constitution.
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Changing the Constitution
This document discusses amending or revising the Philippine constitution. It explains that the constitution can be changed through a cumbersome process rather than ordinary legislation, and that sovereignty resides with the people who must approve any changes. It distinguishes that an amendment changes part of the constitution while revision rewrites the entire document. The steps for changing the constitution involve proposals from the upper house, lower house of Congress, or a constitutional convention, with final approval requiring a plebiscite of qualified voters. People can also directly propose amendments through a petition process.
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The document summarizes the key provisions of the Bill of Rights in the Philippines Constitution. It discusses the classifications of rights as natural, constitutional, and statutory rights. It then examines each section of the Bill of Rights in detail, explaining the individual rights and freedoms guaranteed, such as due process, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of association, and protection from unreasonable searches and seizures. The document provides examples and definitions to thoroughly describe each constitutional right.
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Lecture slides for an undergraduate class on Philippine Politics and Governance I taught between 2003 and 2005.
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These slides were prepared using Powerpoint XP.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
http://brianbelen.blogspot.com
http://brianbelen.wordpress.com
Article XIII (Social Justice and Human Rights)
The document outlines sections from the 1987 Philippines Constitution regarding social justice and human rights. Section 1 discusses ensuring human dignity and reducing economic, social, and political inequalities. Section 2 promotes social justice through freedom of initiative and self-reliance. The human rights sections establish a Commission on Human Rights to investigate violations, oversee jails, provide legal protections, and conduct research and education programs on human rights.
Article XIII- Social Justice* and Human Rights
The document outlines the key provisions for social justice and human rights in the Philippines constitution. It discusses the state's duty to promote social justice by reducing inequalities and creating economic opportunities. It also covers labor rights, agrarian reform, health, women's rights, and the powers and functions of the Commission on Human Rights such as investigating human rights violations and monitoring compliance with international treaties.
Organizational Culture
Prepared by: John T. Torres
Graduate Student, Catanduanes State Colleges
Master of Public Administration
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The document summarizes key provisions of the Bill of Rights in the 1987 Philippine Constitution as presented in a lecture. It discusses rights such as freedom of movement, access to information, forming unions, just compensation for private property taken for public use, access to courts, rights of those under investigation, bail, and rights of the accused. The rights are explained alongside relevant legal concepts and examples.
Bill of rights (lecture 2)
The document discusses provisions of the Philippine Bill of Rights regarding unreasonable searches and seizures. It outlines that valid search warrants require probable cause determined by a judge based on sworn testimony. Searches without warrants are allowed under certain circumstances like consent, incident to arrest, or if contraband is in plain view. Evidence obtained through unreasonable searches is inadmissible in court under the 'fruit of the poisonous tree' doctrine. Warrantless arrests are permitted if a crime is caught in the act, during hot pursuit of a suspect, or to apprehend an escaped prisoner.
Bill of rights (lecture 3)
The document discusses several sections of the Bill of Rights in the 1987 Philippine Constitution as explained by the lecturer Mr. John Torres. It covers the right to privacy of communication, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of religion, and liberty of abode. Key rights discussed include freedom from unreasonable searches, freedom of speech and press, separation of church and state, and freedom of movement. Exceptions and limitations to some of these rights are also mentioned.
Bill of rights (lecture)
The document discusses key provisions of the Philippine Bill of Rights, including the rights to life, liberty, and property, and the principles of due process and equal protection under the law. It also provides examples of crimes against persons from the Revised Penal Code such as parricide, murder, homicide, and abortion. The lecturer uses these examples to illustrate how constitutional rights and criminal laws apply in the Philippines.
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The document summarizes Article XIII of the Philippine constitution, which deals with social justice, human rights, agrarian reform, and other related topics. It declares that the state shall promote social justice and protect labor. It also mandates Congress to establish an independent Commission on Human Rights to investigate human rights violations. The Commission is given powers to investigate all forms of civil and political rights violations, provide legal aid, and monitor the government's compliance with international human rights treaties.
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This document discusses the key concepts and classifications of constitutions. It defines a constitution as a written document that establishes the fundamental powers and principles of government. The document then summarizes the key sections and purposes of the Philippine constitution, including defining the structure of government, rights of citizens, and processes for amendment. It also briefly outlines the history of Philippine constitutions, including the Malolos Constitution, 1935 Constitution, 1973 Constitution, and the current 1987 Constitution.
CONSTITUTIONhsjsjsjzhhzhsjsjzizjdhrisjsk.pptx
This document discusses the key concepts and classifications of constitutions. It defines a constitution as a written document that establishes the fundamental powers and principles of government. The document then summarizes the key sections and purposes of the Philippine constitution, including defining the structure of government, rights of citizens, and processes for amendment. It also briefly outlines the history of Philippine constitutions, including the Malolos Constitution, 1935 Constitution, 1973 Constitution, and the current 1987 Constitution.
3POLITICAL-SCIENCE-1.pptx
This section protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures by requiring warrants be issued only upon a determination of probable cause by a judge based on sworn testimony. Warrants cannot be issued for any purpose without demonstrating probable cause. This enshrines protections against arbitrary government intrusion into people's privacy in their persons, homes, documents, and possessions.
3 political science
This section protects people's right against unreasonable searches and seizures by requiring warrants issued only upon probable cause determined personally by a judge. It aims to prevent arbitrary intrusion by the government into people's privacy.
Separation of power
There are 3 organs such as Executive, Legislative and Judiciary. If they play their role without any interpretation then it may call seperation of Power.
Political science
This document provides an overview of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. It discusses the significance of constitutions in establishing governments and outlining the framework and principles they are based on. It examines key concepts like the definition of a constitution, how it differs from statutes or laws, and its supremacy over other forms of legislation and policy. The document also explores the various forms constitutions can take, such as written vs unwritten, enacted vs evolved, and flexible vs rigid systems of amendment. It focuses on analyzing the qualities needed for an effective written constitution like breadth, brevity, and clarity.
Jassey jane orapa summary ppt.
This document discusses different conceptions of the rule of law. It describes the rule of law as comprising rules that regulate social, political, and economic activity. It also discusses the rule of law as emphasizing institutional restraints on power holders and protections for civil society from government overreach. A third conception presented is constitutionalism, where the rule of law emerges with modern liberalism and emphasizes general and prospective law, separated and balancing powers. The document also discusses how the rule of law can be affected by politics and power dynamics in law-making and administration.
moral and citizen ship education chapter 5 jimmachap 5.pptx
This document provides an overview of constitutions and democracy. It defines a constitution as the fundamental law that sets out the structure of government, lists citizen rights, and limits government power. Constitutions can be written or unwritten. The document then discusses Ethiopia's traditional and modern constitutions, including the 1931, 1955, 1987, and 1995 constitutions. It also defines democracy as government by the majority, and can be direct or indirect. The core values of democracy are identified as liberty, justice, and equality. Fundamental principles of democracy include popular sovereignty, constitutional supremacy, rule of law, and protection of human rights.
Constitutional development in pakistan by ammara batool iiui
This document provides an overview of the constitutional history of Pakistan through various acts and documents:
1) It outlines some key British acts that shaped governance in the subcontinent like the Indian Act of 1858 which ended East India Company rule and transferred power to the Crown, and the Indian Councils Acts of 1861 and 1892 which gradually increased representation.
2) It also discusses reforms like the Minto-Morley reforms of 1909 which introduced separate electorates for Muslims and increased representation.
3) The document then provides details on the Government of India Act 1919 and discusses the various constitutions of Pakistan - the 1956, 1962 and 1973 constitutions - as well as the process of constitutional amendment.
Word copy-for-reviewer-let
This document provides an overview of key concepts in political science, including definitions of political science, the state, government, and constitution. It discusses the correlates and origins of political science. The state is defined as having four essential elements: people, territory, government, and sovereignty. Several theories are outlined on the origin of the state, including the divine, necessity, paternalistic, and social contract theories. The functions and forms of government are also summarized. Key concepts like sovereignty, eminent domain, and taxation are explained in the context of the inherent powers of the state. The document then provides definitions and discussions of concepts like nation, constitution, bill of rights, and separation of church and state.
polity and society.pdf
What is polity?
Concept of constitution
Difference between unitary and Federal
Organs of goverment
Presidential and parliamentary form of government
Constitutions,ConstitutionalismandRuleofLawinMalaysia(rev Oct 2022)[Autosaved...
Constitutions,ConstitutionalismandRuleofLawinMalaysia(rev Oct 2022)[Autosaved...NishooldranRavindran2
The document discusses the concepts of constitutions, constitutionalism, and the rule of law in Malaysia. It provides definitions and descriptions of what constitutes a constitution, including that constitutions establish the organization of government, assign and locate power, protect human rights, contain basic societal values, and consist of ideals. It then discusses features of the Malaysian Constitution and describes how it is a written, supreme law that establishes a constitutional monarchy, a federal system, and democratic and parliamentary principles. The document also defines constitutionalism and the rule of law and how these concepts relate to limits on government power, protection of human rights, and impartial systems of justice. It analyzes whether a rule of law is emerging in Malaysia and both progressive developments andSTS 211 SLT DIP 2 BY WILLIAMS AHMED GAMGUM.pdf
Dr. Williams Ahmed-Gamgum provides lecture notes on Citizenship Education covering several topics:
1) The Nigerian Constitution, defining it and outlining its key features.
2) Federalism in Nigeria, explaining the concepts and importance of adopting a federal system.
3) Citizenship, defining what it means to be a Nigerian citizen and the various ways one can acquire citizenship.
The lecture aims to teach students about their rights and responsibilities as Nigerian citizens and increase national identity and unity.
2 constitutionalism lecture
Constitutionalism refers to ideas and theories that place limitations on political power and a government's control over its citizens. It is concerned with both establishing a framework of rights protections and structural provisions, as well as fostering commitment to constitutional values. Some key aspects of constitutionalism include limiting government power, respect for the rule of law, an independent judiciary, protection of fundamental rights and liberties, accountability of the government through elections and oversight bodies, and entrenchment of constitutional principles to prevent easy amendments that weaken safeguards. However, free and fair elections alone do not guarantee that a system respects constitutional values.
"CONSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAWS"
Summary:
Comparative studies of laws is done to study of differences and similarities between the law of the country and to know it’s effectiveness. Comparative law is the study of differences and similarities between the law (legal systems) of different countries. It includes various processes such as analyzing the laws and comparing them on a different basis.
Meaning:
It emphasizes on the legal mechanisms being adopted by countries and compares them. It is not a separate branch of law but just a method to analyze different versions of the law. Comparative law is a way to build a basic foundation through which laws all over the world operate.
Constitutional Law:
It is the body of law which defines the powers, rules and regulations and structure of the different entities namely the Legislature, Executive, and the Judiciary as well as the basic rights of the citizens and in the federal countries like Canada, USA and even India it consists of the relationship between the central government and the State Government. According to Holland, “the constitutional law describes the various organs of the government at rest while administrative law describes them in motion”.
Administrative Law:
Administrative law deals regarding the administration of the agencies of the government such as police areas, environment etc. It is the body of law that governs the activities of administrative agencies of government. Government agency action can include rule making, adjudication, or the enforcement of a specific regulatory agenda. According to Mait Land, constitutional law deals with structure and the broader rules which regulate the function while administrative law deals with the details of those functions. The relationship between the administrative law and constitutional law is not very watertight, sometimes administrative law invades into the territory of constitutional law, so it is very important for jurists, scholars and law students to develop a proper understanding between the relationships between these two. Both constitutional law and administrative law are parts of the public law it cannot be totally separated from each other. Constitutional law is the most important source of Administrative law in India. It is the origin and soul of Administrative law. In other words, we can say that constitutional law is the mother of Administrative law.
DOCTRINE OF WATERSHED:
This doctrine defines the relationship between the Constitution and the administrative law as defined by the dicey and Holland. This doctrine establishes a proper demarcation between both these laws. With regard to this doctrine when one draws two circles marking one as Constitutional law and other as the administrative law, they may overlap at some areas and these overlapping areas are known as watersheds. Administrative law regulates institutions whose powers are delegated that are 'administrative institutions'. It can be said that the Indian Constitution, is the supreme law of the land.
Polsci3
This document outlines the key objectives, nature, and types of constitutions. It begins by defining a constitution as the fundamental rules and principles that establish and distribute governmental powers. The nature of a constitution is to establish the basic framework and underlying principles of government, serving as the supreme law. There are different types of constitutions based on their origin, form, and amendment process. The document then discusses the requisites of a good written constitution and distinguishes a constitution from statutes. It provides examples from the Philippine constitution, outlining its key principles and provisions regarding national territory.
Coi 1st and 2nd unit
The document provides information on key aspects of the Constitution of India:
- It is the longest constitution in the world, originally with 395 articles and now with over 400 after amendments.
- It draws from various other constitutions around the world, combining the best features of federal, unitary, parliamentary and presidential systems.
- Key features include fundamental rights, directive principles, an independent judiciary with power of judicial review, adult suffrage, and emergency provisions.
- It establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with goals of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Constitution
- 1. CONSTITUTION - Comes from the Latin word, constituo, meaning “established, fixed or settled” - It is an organized and accepted body of fundamental laws, rules, norms, standards and principles or established precedents. - “A written instrument, a precise text or series of texts enacted at a given time by a sovereign power; or it may be the more or less definite result of a series of legislative acts, ordinances, judicial decisions, precedents, and customs of diverse origin and of unequal value and importance” (Aruego & Aruego- Torres, 1981) - The purpose of constitution is to clearly define the organization of the government and to equally delegate governmental powers in order to bring stability, predictability, and order to the actions of government. In short, a constitution is a code of rules that provides guidance and direction for the conduct of government. - Related to the constitution is the concept of constitutionalism. It refers to an essentially limited government with a system of restraints on both rulers and ruled. It asserts that there are fundamental limits that must be observed in the relationship between the ruler and constituents. Regardless of the actual form or effectiveness of restraints, it assumes limitations on government as opposed to arbitrary government. From this definition, we can infer that the constitution has three basic elements and functions. 1. Collection of the fundamental laws of the state 2. It sets and limits the power of the government and its agencies 3. It defines the relationship of the government and its citizens. Classification of constitutions: 1. According to the type of government a constitution maybe monarchic, aristocratic, oligarchic, or democratic 2. According to manner by which the constitution is amended it may be rigid or flexible 3. According to origin. A constitution may be a royal grant, or may evolve from the culture and traditions of a group of people. 4. The Written Constitution is the constitution where the provisions are all contained in a single document and the Unwritten Constitution is the constitution where the provisions are not contained in a single document. This constitution can also be considered as an Un-compiled constitution. References : Juanito E. Donato.,Introduction to Political Science Reynaldo S. Naguit.,Discourseson the 1987 Philippines Constitution Ricardo S. Lazo,Jr.,Philippines Governance and the 1987 Constitution (2006 Edition) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution Despabiladeras Kathlyn G. Constitution and it’s classifications Gen.Ed.1C Page 1 of 1