Congenital heart defects are structural abnormalities present in the heart and blood vessels from birth. They can affect the functioning of the heart. There are two main types - simple defects like septal defects which allow blood to flow between chambers, and complex defects like Tetralogy of Fallot which prevents blood from reaching the lungs. Common simple defects include atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, and patent ductus arteriosus. Complex defects often require surgery soon after birth.

1. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES

2. Congenital heart defects
Affects functioning of heart
Are structural defects appearing in heart and blood vessels
Common in infants, newborn babies & children.
WHAT ARE CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS

3. TYPES OF CONGENITAL HEART
DEFECTS
TYPES OF CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS
Simple congenital heart defects Complex congenital heart defects
Congenital heart defects
Septal defects Narrowed Valve defects
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4. SIMPLE
CONGENITAL
HEART DEFECT
Simple congenital heart
defects are curable.
Septal defects
These are holes in the
heart causing problems in
the blood flow through
heart.
Examples for septal
defects are
ASD
VSD
Patent Ductus
Arteriosus

5. ASD- Atrial Septal Defects
Hole in the septal wall dividing right & left atrial chambers causing blood to flow
VSD- Ventricular Septal Defects
Hole in the septal wall dividing right & left ventricular chambers causing blood to
flow
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Abnormal blood flow between pulmonary artery and aorta
SIMPLE CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS
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6. Structural defects to the valves
come under this category.
Examples for this types are
Stenosis- Valve become
thicker and cant pump blood
Atresia- no hole for the valve
,so blood can’t flow
Regurgitation- valve does
not close tightly, so blood flows
back
NARROWED
VALVED
CONGENITAL
HEART DEFECTS

7. Needs special care soon after birth. An example for this type of defect is
Tetralogy of Fallot- a condition in which blood can’t reach lungs to carry oxygen
COMPLEX CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS
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8. BEST PAEDIATRIC CARDIAC SURGEON
Dr. R. BENEDICT RAJ, M.B.B.S., M.S., M.Ch. (CVTS), F.P.C.S
He provides surgeries in Paediatric Cardiac Surgery; Mitral, Tricuspid, Aortic and
pulmonary valve repair; Neonatal cardiac surgery.; Valve preserving TOF repair;
Thoracotomy ASD repair; Re-do operations; Maze procedure for Atrial fibrillation;
Pacemaker implantation; Thoracic sympathectomy for refractory V.T.
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9. CONTACT :Dr. Benedict
Dr. R. BENEDICT RAJ, M.B.B.S., M.S., M.Ch. (CVTS), F.P.C.S.
Mobile: +919845402968 ,+919645720903
E-Mail: drbenedictraj@gmail.com
Works at :HBS HOSPITAL BANGALORE
MIMS HOSPITAL, KOZHIKODE
RAMESH HOSPITAL VIJAYAWADA AND GUNTUR
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