This document discusses the three main types of conditionals in English: Type I conditionals refer to possible present or future situations and use constructions with "will" or present forms. Type II conditionals refer to unlikely or imaginary present/future situations and use "would". Type III conditionals refer to unlikely past situations and use "would have" or "might have" with the past perfect. Each type is illustrated with example sentences and their typical functions are explained. Exercises are provided to practice forming sentences using each conditional type.

1. CONDITIONALS

2. Introduction
If-Clause Result-Clause
Type-I
If I teach this class, I won’t give tests.
True in the present/future.
Type-II
If I taught this class, I wouldn’t give tests.
Untrue in the present/future
Type-III
if I had taught this class, I wouldn’t have given tests.
Untrue in the past

3. Type-I Conditionals.
(Structures)
If-Clause Result-Clause
“Present Indefinite/P. Continuous/P. Perfect” “will/modal verbs/Present Indefinite”
-If we hurry, we will catch the bus.
-If we are expecting visitors, the flat will need a good clean.
-If you have finished with the computer, I’ll put it away.
-
If Henry jogs regularly, he might lose weight.
-
If Denial is going to a job interview, he should wear a tie.
-
If you heat water, it boils.
-If Mathew has any money, he spends it.

4. Type-I Conditionals.
(Functions)
Requests, offers, suggestions, warnings, threats….
- If you wait a moment, I’ll find someone to help you.
- If you need a ticket, I can get you.
- If you feel like seeing the sights, we can take a bus tour.
- If you go on like this, you’ll make yourself ill.
- If you don’t apologize, I’ll never speak to you.

5. Type-I Conditionals.
Exercise:
It might rain. If it does, everyone can eat inside.
Nick may arrive a bit early. If he does, he can help Tom to get
things ready.
The children must not go near Nick’s dog. It will bite them.

6. Type-II Conditionals.
(Structures)
If-Clause Result-Clause
“ Past Indefinite/Past Continuous” “would/could/should+1st
form”
- If we didn’t have a car, we would find it difficult to get about.
- If he were here right now, he would help us.
- If Ali were playing stereo, it wouldn’t be so quiet in here.
- If we had a calculator, we could work this out a lot quicker.
- If Alina worked harder, she might do even better at her studies.

7. Comparison
If we take the car, we’ll have to pay for the parking.
If we took the car, we would have to pay for the parking.

8. Type-II Conditionals.
Exercise:
You can’t take a photo because you haven’t got your camera.
You don’t write to your friends because you are so busy.
You can’t play tennis because your back is aching.
Nick can’t find the way because he hasn’t got a map.

9. Type-III Conditionals.
(Structures)
If-Clause Result-Clause
“Past Perfect” “would/should/might+have+3rd
form”
- If Mathew had phoned Emma, she wouldn’t have been so annoyed.
- If you hadn’t made that mistake, you would have passed your test.
- If I had had my mobile yesterday, I would’ve contacted you.
- If I hadn’t fallen ill & missed the interview, I might’ve got the job
Functions:
regrets, criticizing or pointing out mistakes…..

10. Comparison
If you planned things properly, you wouldn’t get into mess.
If you had planned things properly, you wouldn’t have got into
mess.

11. Type-III Conditionals.
Exercise:
Sarah has been quite busy, and she hasn’t watered her plants for
sometime. As a result, they’ve died.
Nick likes ice-hockey, but he didn’t have a ticket to the game last
week, so unfortunately he wasn’t able to get in.
In a bookshop yesterday, Daniel saw a book he really wanted. The
only problem was that he didn’t have any money.