Every structure is constructed to serve a particular service The maintenance of the structure is done correctly and periodically to prevent the structure from defects and prevent any repair works. RCC is widely used in different types of construction of structures. General information about the non-destructive test and its use for repairing concrete (repair and rehabilitation or retrofitting) of concrete if needed.

1. CONCRETE CRACKS & REPAIR
GUIDED BY: DR. DARSHANA R. BHATT, A. PRO.VISHALKUMAR B. PATEL SUBMITTED BY: 21SE821
BIRLAVISHVAKARMA MAHAVIDYALAYA
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 Basic terminology
 Need to Repair
 Methodology
 Cracks
 recommending
 References

3. INTRODUCTION
 Every structure is constructed to serve a
particular service
 The maintenance of structure is done properly
and periodically to prevent the structure from
defects and hence prevent any repair works.
 RCC is widely used in different types of
construction of structures.

4. INTRODUCTION
The primary aim of the repairs is to put back the buildings geometric structure such that all
facilities begin to run and the building’s working resumes rapidly.
The objective of any repair should be to produce rehabilitation – which means a repair carried
out relatively low cost, with a limited and predictable degree of change with time and without
premature deterioration and/or distress throughout its intended life and purpose.
In the broad sense the term rehabilitation meant restoring the structure to its original
condition.
Rehabilitation technique may also be used to modify the structure to satisfy new functional or
other requirements. The rehabilitation engineer should have investigator qualities, structural
designer, material technologist and application techniques awareness.

5. BASIC TERMINOLOGY
 Defects: the defects are occurring in the
structure due to mistakes and poor workmanship.
It may lead to failure the structure.
 Distress: it is a symptom indicating that the
defects are present. It creates lot of problems in
the structure such as cracks, spalls, staining, decay,
corrosion.
 Deterioration: It is the gradual loss of strength of
material due to corrosion and rust. Desired material
properties are changes due to different degradation
factors.

6. BASIC TERMINOLOGY
 Repair: Repair the local defects
 Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation is unserviceable
structure into serviceable again
 Restore: Restore structural and functional
capacity of a structure
 Retrofitting: Retrofitting is to make a structure as
original

7. Structure repair and rehabilitation includes
the following
 Inspection method, assessment,
monitoring, maintenance of structures
 Concrete durability, testing and analysis
 General repairs
Need for repair and rehabilitation of
structures
 Faulty design of the structure
 Improper execution and poor
workmanship
 Extreme weathering and environmental
conditions
 High degree of chemical attack
 Ageing of structures.

8. NEED TO IMPROVE
The need to improve an existing building’s ability to survive weathering action, chemical attack, embedded
chemicals, alkali aggregate reactivity, fire due to overload, seismic forces, etc. typically derives from
evidence of destruction and bad behavior Such types of structures are degraded with use and time, and
their construction life may have expired and need maintenance and rehabilitation.The solutions for the
structure of the RCC or the structural components are also important and are used for this various
techniques. Strength evaluation of an existing structure or any aspect of structures is necessary to cover
all the requirements which require maintenance.Therefore, in the current buildings, certain amounts of
non - destructive, partly harmful, and destructive methods are used to determine concrete stability and
to predict the cause of concrete deterioration.

10. METHODOLOGY
1. conduct a visual assessment at the location
2. Conduct a preliminary examination to determine if
the damage is structural or non-structural.
3. A thorough study using nondestructive testing
(NDT)
4. tabulating the data
5. Evaluating the results
6. recommending concrete restoration materials and
methods

11. CRACKS:
CRACKS ARE COMMON PHENOMENON IN CONSTRUCTION AS STRESS EXCEEDSTHE
STRENGTH OF A BUILDING PART DEVELOPS CRACKS.
 STRUCTURAL: Structural problems are due to
defective planning, poor construction or
overloading that may threaten in buildings or in
its safety.
 NON-STRUCTURAL: The non-structural
cracks are caused by a reduced internal stress.
They are categorized according to crack width
into THIN (less than1 mm), MEDIUM (1 mm to
2 mm),WIDE (greater than2 mm).

13. NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST
AN ARRAY OF INSPECTION METHODS THAT ALLOW INSPECTORS TO EVALUATE AND COLLECT DATA ABOUT A
MATERIAL, SYSTEM, OR COMPONENT WITHOUT PERMANENTLY ALTERING IT
 Rebound Hammer Test
 UPVTest
 Windsor Probe test
 Half-cell potential meter

16. RECOMMENDING CONCRETE RESTORATION MATERIALS AND
METHODS
Material for crack repair
 cement slurry
 cement mortar
 epoxy resin
 polymer modified cementations product
Methods
 Shotcrete
 Resin injection
 Stitching
 Routing and sealing
 Jacketing
 Guniting

17. CONCLUSION
 Non-destructive test are best option to do on RCC when we don’t want to damage more the
damaged RCC structure but if the structure is in the good health – condition it’s always suggested to
do destructive tests on RCC structure as the result from destructive test are more trustable than non
- destructive but we should not forget that the non-destructive test are way cheaper to perform but it
may increase the cost of RRR.
 Before deciding the mode or material for RRR we should complete all the steps carefully which are
Visual Inspection, Preliminary investigation, detailed investigation, discussing the results & prepare
quality report, interpretation of results and then selection of mode and material of RRR.
 If we decide the method and material for RRR based on Non-destructive tests report we must
consider a factor of safety.

18. REFERENCES
 Ramesh, G., Srinath, D., Ramya, D., &Vamshi Krishna, B. (2021). Repair, rehabilitation
and retrofitting of reinforced concrete structures by using non-destructive testing
methods. MaterialsToday: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.778
 Harish Kumar, K.,Veerendra Babu, N., & Lingeshwaran, N. (2021).A study on repair of
concrete structure using non destructive tests. MaterialsToday: Proceedings, 47, 5439–
5446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.06.414
 Wikipedia