I would like thank to all faculty members of BSNL PATNA . They tough us very well actually we learn just theories in our colleges not aware about its' practical aspects .In these kinds of trainings we have learn a lots of things....

3. CDMACDMA
CDMA stands for code division multipleCDMA stands for code division multiple
accessaccess
There are to major application ofThere are to major application of
CDMA technologyCDMA technology
1).3-G and onward1).3-G and onward
2).WLL (wireless in local loop)2).WLL (wireless in local loop)

4. DATA SPEED IN DIFF GENRDATA SPEED IN DIFF GENR
1).data speed of 1-G1).data speed of 1-G
2).data speed of 2-G=144kbps2).data speed of 2-G=144kbps
3).data speed of 3-G=3.6Mbps3).data speed of 3-G=3.6Mbps
normal speed of voice =384kbpsnormal speed of voice =384kbps

5.  One radio frequency provide 8 slots forOne radio frequency provide 8 slots for
the customers in GSMthe customers in GSM
IT mean only 8 people can set up CALLIT mean only 8 people can set up CALL
,if 100 trying to call,if 100 trying to call
But in CDMA all 100 people are able toBut in CDMA all 100 people are able to
talk at a particular frequency.talk at a particular frequency.
Condition is that all100 information areCondition is that all100 information are
separated by 100 diff codes is calledseparated by 100 diff codes is called
WALL CODEWALL CODE

6. CDMA: Code Division Multiple CDMA is a method
in which users occupy the same time and frequency
allocations, and are channelized by unique assigned
codes. The signals are separated at the receiver by using
a correlator that Access
accepts only signal energy from the desired channel.
Undesired signals contribute only to the noise.
A CDMA system uses effective power control process.

7. CDMACDMA
Advantages:-
The main advantages of this technology
are:
1. Fast Network deployment.
2. Reduced service interruptions.
3. Low Maintenance & operational cost.
4. Better system coverage flexibility
5. Higher capacity
6. Easy transition to mobile services.

8. CDMACDMA
All information of users are on the sameAll information of users are on the same
frequency each information of the user isfrequency each information of the user is
separated by a codeseparated by a code
Digital code separates the information toDigital code separates the information to
stop the interferencestop the interference
OROR
Transmission and receive of signalTransmission and receive of signal
separated by a code using the sameseparated by a code using the same
frequency symaltaneously by a numberfrequency symaltaneously by a number
of users is known as code divisionof users is known as code division

9. SYMBOLIC STRU OF CDMASYMBOLIC STRU OF CDMA
 __________________________________________________________
>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0
>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0
>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0
>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0
>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0
>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0
>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0
________________________________________________________
HERE “>” STANDS FOR AN INFORMATIONHERE “>” STANDS FOR AN INFORMATION
AND “0” STANDS FO SEPARATOR OR WALSH CODEAND “0” STANDS FO SEPARATOR OR WALSH CODE
______________________________________

10. ““HANDS OFF” COM. SYS.HANDS OFF” COM. SYS.
When a cell phone come into moreWhen a cell phone come into more
than one BTS area then the BTSthan one BTS area then the BTS
near to the is connected easily thisnear to the is connected easily this
process is known as HANDS OFFprocess is known as HANDS OFF

11. TYPES OF HANDS OFFTYPES OF HANDS OFF
1).SOFT HANDS OFF =|>”MAKE BEFORE1).SOFT HANDS OFF =|>”MAKE BEFORE
BREAK “BREAK “
2).HARD HANDS OFF =>”MAKE2).HARD HANDS OFF =>”MAKE
AFTER BREAKAFTER BREAK

12. SOFT HANDS OFFSOFT HANDS OFF
CDMA provides soft hands off featuresCDMA provides soft hands off features
for mobile .for mobile .
When cell phone crossing one CELL toWhen cell phone crossing one CELL to
other by combining the signals from bothother by combining the signals from both
the cells . This includes the performancethe cells . This includes the performance
of the network at the boundary of theof the network at the boundary of the
cell the call being dropped.cell the call being dropped.
By soft hands off in CDMA will combineBy soft hands off in CDMA will combine
together of two BTS and create atogether of two BTS and create a
common higher levelcommon higher level

13. HARD HANDS OFFHARD HANDS OFF
Hard hands off is also known as “MAKEHard hands off is also known as “MAKE
AFTER BREAK “AFTER BREAK “

14. BTS
IWF
BSC
MSC
I
PSTN
IP
Backbone
Enterprise Network

15. • MULTIPLE ACCESS
• SPREADING SPECTRUM
• CODES IN CDMA
• CDMA CHANNEL STRUCTURE
• POWER CONTROL
• DIVERSITY
• HAND OFFS

16.  THANKYOUTHANKYOU