Computer studies 2015

COMPUTER STUDIES
WITH PRESTON
prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
0977/0966-987868
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Information Technology
any technology concerned with the
capture, storage,
transmittal and presentation of
information.
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DATA VS INFORMATION
–Data is the unprocessed information
and information is processed data
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Places of I.T
• BUSINESS
- Accounts
- Inventory
- Sales and manufacturing
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• GOVERNMENT
– Pollution count
– Public records
– Budget management
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• A.T.M
- Confirm personal information
- Access to banking services
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• HOME
- Gaming
- Encyclopedia
- Home finances
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• SCHOOL
- Instructions
- Maintenance of student records
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• AUTOMOBILES
- Monitor and adjustbreaks, engines and electronic
system.
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• NGO
- Church membership
- Mailing news letters
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What is a Computer?
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A computer is an electronic device that
manipulates information, or "data." It
has the ability to store, retrieve, and
process data
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PARTS OF A COMPUTER
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• Hardware is any part of your
computer that has a physical structure,
such as the computer monitor or
keyboard.
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• Software is any set of instructions
that tells the hardware what to do. It is
what guides the hardware and tells it
how to accomplish each task. Some
examples of software are web
browsers, games, and word processors
such as Microsoft Word.
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Hardware Components of a computer
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The motherboard
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The motherboard is a circuit board
containing all the internal components of
a computer
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The CPU
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The Central Processing Unit (CPU),
also called a processor, is located
inside the computer case
on the motherboard. It is sometimes
called the brain of the computer,
and its job is to carry out
commands.
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THE HARDDRIVE
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The hard drive is the data center of the
computer. This is where the software is
installed, and it's also where your
documents and other files are stored. The
hard drive
is long-term storage, which means the
data is still saved even if you turn the
computer off or unplug it.
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RAM
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RAM is your system's short-term
memory. Whenever your
computer performs calculations, it
temporarily stores the data in the
RAM until it is needed
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This short-term memory disappears
when the computer is turned off. If
you're working on a
document, spreadsheet, or other type
of file, you'll need to save it to avoid
losing it. When you
save a file, the data is written to the
hard drive, which acts as long-term
storage. prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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Monitor
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The monitor works with a video card, located
inside the computer case, to display images and
text on the screen. Newer monitors usually have
LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED (light-
emitting diode) displays. These can be made
very thin, and they are often called flat panel
displays. Older monitors use CRT (cathode ray
tube) displays. CRT monitors are much bigger
and heavier, and they take up more desk space.
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Computer case
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The computer case is the metal and
plastic box that contains the main
components of the computer. It houses
the motherboard, central processing
unit (CPU), the power supply, and
more
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Mouse
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The mouse is a peripheral that
is known as a pointing device.
It lets you point to objects on
the screen, click on them, and
move them.
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There are two main types of mice:
optical and mechanical. The optical
mouse uses an electronic eye to detect
movement and is easier to clean. The
mechanical mouse uses a rolling ball to
detect movement. Generally, a
mechanical mouse is cheaper, although
it may require regular cleaning to keep
it working properly
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Traditionally, a mouse connects to
the computer using a USB or PS/2
connection. However, you can also
buy a wireless mouse, which can
reduce clutter on your desktop
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Mouse Alternatives
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A touchpad on a laptop
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Touchpad
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A touchpad (also called a trackpad) is a
touch-sensitive pad that lets you
control the pointer by making a
"drawing" motion with your finger.
Touchpads are very common on laptop
computers
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Trackball
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A trackball has a ball on top that can
rotate freely. Instead of moving the
device like a mouse, you can simply roll
the ball with your fingers to move the
pointer. Some mobile devices have
miniature trackballs that can be
controlled with your thumb.
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Power cord
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The power cord is the link between the
power outlet and the power supply unit in
the computer casing. If the power cord is not
plugged in, the computer will not power on.
To protect your computer from voltage
spikes, you can plug the power cord into a
surge protector. You can also use an
Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS), which
acts as a surge protector and also provides
temporary power if there is a blackout. 40

Keyboard
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The keyboard is one of the primary ways
we communicate with the computer and
enter data. There are many different types
of computer keyboards such as wired,
wireless, ergonomic, multimedia, and
more. Although there may be differences
in the location of some keys or features,
keyboards are very similar and allow you
to accomplish basically the same tasks.
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Short cuts
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Alt + F File menu options in current program.
Alt + E Edit options in current program
Alt + Tab Switch between open programs
F1
Universal Help in almost every
Windows program.
F2 Rename a selected file
F5 Refresh the current program window
Ctrl + N
Create a new, blank document in some
software programs
Ctrl + O Open a file in current software program
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Ctrl + A Select all text.
Ctrl + B Change selected text to be Bold
Ctrl + I Change selected text to be in Italics
Ctrl + U Change selected text to be Underlined
Ctrl + F
Open find window for current document
or window.
Ctrl + S Save current document file.
Ctrl + X Cut selected item.
Shift + Del Cut selected item.
Ctrl + C Copy selected item.
Ctrl + Ins Copy selected item
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Ctrl + V Paste
Shift + Ins Paste
Ctrl + K Insert hyperlink for selected text
Ctrl + P Print the current page or document.
Home Goes to beginning of current line.
Ctrl + Home Goes to beginning of document.
End Goes to end of current line.
Ctrl + End Goes to end of document.
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Shift + Home
Highlights from current position to
beginning of line.
Shift + End
Highlights from current position to end of
line.
Ctrl + Left arrow Moves one word to the left at a time.
Ctrl + Right arrow Moves one word to the right at a time.
Ctrl + Esc Opens the START menu
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Ctrl + Shift + Esc Opens Windows Task Manager
Alt + F4 Close the currently active program
Alt + Enter
Open the Properties for the selected item
(file, folder, shortcut, etc.)
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COMPUTER SOFTWARE
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Software are computer programs. These are the
instructions that cause the hardware (the machines) to
do work. Software can be divided into a number of
categories based on the types of work done by
programs. The three primary software categories are:
Software
(a) operating systems (system software), which control
the workings of the computer,
(b) application software, which addresses the multitude
of tasks for which people use computers and
(c) Utility software, which help in achieving a given goal
such as virus removal.
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Software Classification
Operating (Systems) Software (OS)
 Coordinates hardware work
 DOS (Disc Operating System)
 Windows (is a personal computer operating system
sold by Microsoft Corporation that allows users to enter
commands with a point-and-click device, such as a
mouse, instead of a keyboard)
 Ubuntu (developed in South Africa)
 O/S 2,
 Manages application packages
 Manipulates hardware work
 Organises files on storage media
Examples
Three Types  Operating  Application  Utility
 Linux,  UNIX,  Macintosh, etc
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Software Classification - Continued
Application Software
Specific
Turbo cash
AutoCAD
General
Microsoft Office:
Pastel
 Excel
 Word
 PowerPoint
 Access
 Publisher
Utility Software
Examples
Drivers
Antivirus software
SOFTWARE – CONTINUED
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Utility Programs
• A type of system software that is used to solve
particular problem.
• Designed to make life easier for computer users.
• Utility programs perform thousands of task like
search for lost files, sort files of data into a
particular sequence and copy disk files.
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Examples
File Viewer
• Is used to view and manage files in computer system.
• Window Explorer
File Compressor:
• Is used to shrink the size of files
• Winzip and WinRAR
Diagnostic Utilities:
• is used to detect problem in hardware and software
• Dr Watson
• AntiVirus
• Disk Defragmenter
• Backup utility
• Data Recovery Utility
• Task Manager utility
• Disk Cleanup
• Personal Firewall
• Spyware Remover
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Library Programs
• Is available to all user of a multi-user computer system
• It carry out common tasks required by everyone.
• Example:
• A routine that searches for lost files or restores
corrupted files may be stored in a library.
• Many of these programs fall into the general category of
utility programs
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• Application software enables you to perform specific
computer tasks, such as document production, spreadsheet
calculations, and database management
• Any program that processes data for a user
Users prepare these
• Packaged software
• Custom Software
• Integrated software
• Bespoke Software
• Shareware
• Free Ware
• Public Domain Software
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Common Software Features
• User Interface
– Important part of software
– Portion where the user interacts with the software
• Graphical User Interface (GUI)
– Windows
– Menus
– Toolbars
– Help
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Windows
• Rectangular area
that displays
information
• Multiple
applications in
different windows
• Can be resized,
moved, and
closed
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Menus
• Display commands
• Present options
• Drop down list
• Held in menu bars
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Toolbars
• Contain buttons and menus
• Commonly used commands
• Common to many applications
– Formatting toolbar
– Standard toolbar
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Help
• Contains useful
information
• Access methods
–Table of Contents
–Keyword index
–Text search
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Office Assistant
Click once to
access or F1
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Packaged software or General
Purpose
• Is available for different types of users
• It is particular user or organization.
• The program are well tested
• Documentation are very good
Examples
• Word processor
• Presentation
• Spread sheets
• Data base management
• CAD 62

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Document production software
Create text-based documents,
reports, letters, and memos
Widely used in business,
school, and home
Most popular
•Microsoft Word
•Corel WordPerfect
•Lotus Word Pro
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Features
 Common features
 Word Wrap, formatting
 Spelling/Grammar
Checkers
 Thesaurus
 Search and Replace
 Multimedia object
 Graphs, tables
 Audio, video clips
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Presentation software
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Features
• Layout files
• Templates
– Text layout
– Background colors and patterns
– Borders
• Animations
• Visual effects
• Audio Effects 66

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Spread Sheet
•Organize, analyze, and graph
numeric data
•Widely used in many
professions
Most popular
•Microsoft Excel
•Consist of grid of numbered
rows and columns.
•Common uses include
analyzing sales trends, financial
trends, home budgets,
recording grades or scores
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Spreadsheet Features
• Manipulate numeric data
• Grid of rows and columns
–Data stored in cells
• Common features
–Functions
–Formulas
–What-if Analysis
–Graphs and charts
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Database Management Systems
• Organize related data for easy access
• Database is a specially formatted file that contains
data
– Structured
• Most popular DBMS
– Microsoft Access
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DBMS Features
• Capability to locate and display data
• Sort and analyze data
• Programming control language
– Structure Query Language (SQL)
– Used to create complex, sophisticated
applications
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record
table field value
field names
Relational Database
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Integrated Packages
• Single program
• Kind of a Jack-of-all-trades
• Shares a common set of commands
• Which combine features from all below products
• Multiple functionality
– Word processor, spreadsheet, DBMS, Presentation
graphics and communication software
• Compared to Suites
– Lower cost
– Simpler
– Capabilities not as extensive
• Microsoft Works
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Software Suites
• Separate applications bundled and sold
together
– Less expensive
– More convenient
• Ability to share data between applications
– Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)
• Most popular
– Microsoft Office
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Custom or special or generic Software
• Is developed to meet the requirement of
particular company or industry.
• If packaged software does not fulfill the
requirement of an organization, it has to develop
a custom software by hiring a programmer.
• The cost of custom software is higher.
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Common Examples
• Photo editing software
• Multimedia authoring software
• Accounting software
• Payroll System
• Information management software
• School Management System
• POS
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Tailor Made or Bespoke or Off the
Self Software
• When company decides to computerize an area
of its business then need to buy Off the self
package or have software specially written.
• Is designed to do exactly the user wants
• Can be written to run specific hardware
• Software is usually well documented
• It is designed to do one particular task
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Differences
System Software
• General purpose
• Mange computer resources
• Executes all the time in
computer
• No of system software are
less than application software
• It is essential for a computer
to work
• Specific Purpose
• Solve particular problems
• Executes as and when
required
• No of these software are
much more than system
software
• It is not essential for the
computer to work
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Windows
• Windows 95, 98, 2000, ME, NT, XP?
• Desktop and icons
• Task bar
• Start button
• Programs
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Starting your computer
• Before starting your computer make sure you do not
have a diskette in your A drive
• To start your computer just turn on the power switch or
power bar (the computer will take a few minutes to go
through its initialization procedure and you will
eventually see your desktop and icons)
• If this does not happen check that your monitor (i.e.
screen ) is on.
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Starting your computer, cont.
• If computer was shut improperly, you may see a
screen saying Windows would like to check your
files for errors.
• It may then say it has found an error and ask if it
should fix the error. You will probably want to
tell it to fix the error and skip the undo disk and
next time try to do a proper shutdown
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Shutting down your computer
• Windows is very finicky about being shut down
properly (do not just shut the power off)
• Move your cursor to start button and click
• Click on the radio button beside Shut down
• Click on OK button
• WAIT (Windows will go through an elaborate
process of making sure all programs are shut down.
You will then see a Windows screen and eventually
a black screen with the words “It’s now safe to turn
off your computer”)
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Shutting down your computer, cont.
• You may now turn off the power button/bar.
• In some cases when Windows cannot finish it’s
shutdown sequence, your may have to shut down
by restarting or shutting off the power before
Windows is ready.
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Restarting your computer
• Sometimes your computer will start doing funny
things or your mouse will stop working
• Try ALT + CTL + DELETE
• If you see a program is not responding, you can
try to highlight that program and press the “End
Task” button.
• If nothing happens try ALT + CTL + DELETE
again. This will restart your computer
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Restarting your computer, cont.
• If your mouse is working you can click on Start
button, click on Shutdown but click on the radio
button beside Restart and your computer will
restart
• Useful if your modem stops functioning.
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Mouse
• Pointing device that moves pointer or cursor
• Point and click (tip of the arrow is the point)
• Left and right buttons
• Start programs - 1 click vs 2 clicks
• Highlight text (click and drag)
• Practice makes perfect
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Cursor Types
• Arrow
• Busy
• Text
• Double arrow
• Hand
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Scrolling pages
• Mouse
– Click on up and down arrows
or
– Click on top of and below that darker box without
touching the box
or
– Click and drag the darker box
• Keyboard (make sure cursor is on page by clicking
on empty space)
– Use arrow keys
– Use page up, page down, home and endprestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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Opening Programs
• If on desktop as icon, double click on icon.
If does not open press “Enter” key.
• Click on “Start” button, Move cursor up to
“Programs”. After menu on the right
appears move cursor over to menu and up
or down to required program. Click on
program
• If program has been minimized and appears
on task bar, click on square representing
program.
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Closing programs
• Click on the X icon in the top right hand corner of the
window
or
• Put your cursor on File in menu bar and click, then
move cursor down the drop-down menu to the bottom to
word “Quit” or “Exit” or “Close”. Click on the word
or
• Hold down the Alt key and press F4.
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Minimize window
Enlarge Screen
Close
Program
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Title bar
Menu bar
Tool bar
Format bar
Status bar
Task bar
Start button
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Using Menu Bars
• All Windows programs have a menu bar and everything
you can do with that program will be available from one
of the drop-down menus
• Place tip of the cursor on the word in Menu bar and
click. Move cursor down drop-down menu to action
you want to perform and click.
• If item has an arrow pointing to the right move cursor to
the right to see the submenu.
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Menu items common to most
Windows programs
• File (includes New file, open file, save and print
functions)
• Edit (includes Find and Cut, Copy and Paste)
• View (allows you to change the look of screen by
adding and subtracting bars like tool bar)
• Tools (most programs but program specific)
• Window (allows you arrange windows and choose
between different files)
• Help used to give help in program’s functions and
gives version no. for troubleshooting purposes
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Cut/Copy and Paste
• Place your cursor at the beginning of the text you
would like to cut or copy, click with left-hand
button keeping the button down.
• Move the cursor to right to highlight the section or
words you want to copy (move cursor down to get
whole paragraph or page)
• When the text you wanted to copy or move is
highlighted, let go of the mouse button
• If you highlight too much text, do not let go of the
button but adjust the cursor until you have the
right amount of text. If you let go, start over by
clicking anywhere that is not a link and start over.prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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Cut/Copy and Paste, cont.
• Move cursor to Edit in Menu bar and move down
the drop down menu until you reach “Cut” or
“Copy” and click (“Cut” will remove the text and
“Copy” will leave it where it is)
• Move the cursor to the area of the document or file
where you would like to put the text and click
making sure the blinking cursor is where you want
the text to be
• Move cursor to Edit in Menu bar and move down
drop down menu until you reach Paste and click
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Using Tool Bars
• Icons which represent frequently used actions
• Place tip of cursor in middle of icon and click
• Opening files, printing, and saving files are
common in tool bars
• If you do not know what an icon signifies, move
cursor over the icon and wait for a couple of
seconds and a brief description will appear.
• If do not need tool bar (all actions available from
Menu bar) can get rid of tool bar by clicking on
“View” in Menu bar
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Further study - Books
• Stokes, Abby. It’s never too late to love a
computer. 004.16 S874
• Kraynak, Joe. The complete idiot’s guide to
computer basics. 004.16 Kra
• Russ, Walter. The secret guide to computers : the
world's top-rated computer tutorial 004.16 W233
2001
• Gookin, Dan. PCs for dummies quick reference
004.16 G659
• [Maran, Ruth, Paul Whitehead]. Computers
simplified 004.16 M311 2000
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Further study - Videos
• Beginning computers for seniors [videorecording]
: and kids of all ages
V004.16 B417
• Microsoft Windows 98 video tutorial
[videorecording]
V005.4469 W5n
• Learning Microsoft Windows 98 [videorecording]
V005.4469 W5Lp
• Teach yourself Windows 95/98 [videorecording]
V005.4469 W5vi
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Further study – Internet sites
• Computer training tutorials
http://www.ckls.org/~crippel/computerlab/tutorials/index.htm
l
• Using computers
http://www.elmlane.com/usingcomputers/index.asp
• Introduction to using computers
http://tilt.lib.utsystem.edu/
• Learning Windows
http://plugandwork.com/winhelp.htm
http://www.eiu.edu/~mediasrv/win95_tut/win95menu.htm
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What is Computer Virus?
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• Definition -- Virus: A self-replicating piece of computer code
that can partially or fully attach itself to files or applications,
and can cause your computer to do something you don't want
it to do.
• Similarities between biological virus (like " HIV
" ) and computer virus:
• Need a host for residence.
• Capable of self-replicate
• Cause damage to the host.
• Difference: Computer viruses are created by human.
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Computer virus concept
Computer Virus Time Line
• 1949 - Theories for self-replicating programs was first developed.
• 1981 - Apple Viruses 1, 2, and 3 was some of the first viruses in
public.
• 1988 – Jerusalem was detected. Activated every Friday the 13th, the
virus affects both .EXE and .COM files and deletes any programs run
on that day.
• 1991 - Tequila is the first widespread polymorphic virus found.
• 1999 - The Melissa virus, W97M/Melissa, executed a macro in a
document attached to an email. Melissa spread faster than any other
previous virus.
• 2000 - The Love Bug, also known as the ILOVEYOU virus, sent itself
out via Outlook, much like Melissa.
• 2001 - The Code Red I and II worms attacked computer networks in
July and August. They affected over 700,000 computers and caused
upwards of 2 billion in damages.
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Anti-virus:
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How to detect virus?
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How to clean virus?
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How to clean virus?
• The steps to reinstall the whole system –
– Reboot the PC using a clean startup disk.
– Type in MBR to rewrite the Master Boot
Record.
– Format DOS partitions.
– Reinstall Windows XP or other os and other
applications.
– Install Antivirus Software and apply the latest
virus definition data.
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OPERATING SYSTEM
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An operating system is the most
important software that runs on a
computer. It manages the computer's
memory, processes, and all of its
software and hardware.
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e.g. of OS today are: Windows 3.1, Win
95, Win 98, Win 2000, Win NT, Win XP,
Win
Vista, Win 7, MS DOS, PC DOS,
LINUX, UNIX and Apple Mac OS.
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The Operating System's Job
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•It runs tests to make sure
everything is working correctly.
•It checks for new hardware.
•It then starts up the operating
system
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Once the operating system has
started up, it manages all of the
software and hardware on the
computer
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Windows 7, after starting up
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THE INTERNET
 The internet is the physical network of
computers all over the world.
  The World Wide Web is a virtual network
of web sites connected by hyperlinks (or
 "links"). Web sites are stored on servers on
the internet, so the World Wide Web is a
 part of the internet.
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Setting up a Gmail Account &
Email Safety
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Email Basics
 Send & receive digital
messages and content
over the internet
 Productivity Tool
 Calendar
 Address book
 Web-based email can be
accessd anytime &
anywhere
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Email Addresses
• Format:
– Username
– @
– Provider’s domain
– Ex. peter101@yahoo.com
• Free Email Account
Providers:
– Yahoo
– Microsoft’s Hotmail
– Google’s Gmail
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Setting up a Gmail Account
 Go to: www.gmail.com
 Click here to Create your Account
125prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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Creating a Gmail Account
 Enter a password
 Enter or choose a security question or write your own.
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 Type in your birthdate month/day/year
 Type in the word in the “word verification” box
 Click on the I accept. Create my account button
 You can either use Google as your home page or
a tab on your home page 127prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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 Congratulations
 Click on Show me my account
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Gmail Inbox for your Account
 Notice the 3 email from Google in your inbox
 3 tutorials explaining some of the features of Gmail.
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Composing a “New Message”
• Click on “New” or
“Compose”
• Contacts
– Like an address book
– Contains email addresses
& contact information
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Properly Addressing a Message
• Subject:
– Brief description
• CC (Carbon Copy)
– To include other people in an email
message
• BC (Blind Carbon Copy)
– Addresses will not be visible to
other parties.
• Attachments
– Attach or Upload files
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Draft or Send
• Draft:
– Save it to send later
• Send
– Only click on when the
message is complete and
ready to go.
132.prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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Inbox
Shows all incoming mail you have received
 Click on the email to read it.
 All unread emails are usually marked in bold
text
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Reply or Reply All
• Reply
– When you want to respond to an
email
– New window will appear to
compose your message
• Reply All
– The message will be sent to all
parties in the email.
– **Caution** Always check the
“To” box before hitting the “send”
button to avoid embarrassment of
sending it to the wrong people.
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Forwarding an Email
• Forward
– Share an email message
with another individual
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SPAM or Junk Email
• Spam
– Carries viruses and fraudulent
scams
– Do NOT open it
• Move it to the Spam Folder
• Do NOT open files with a
attachment that has a file extension
ending in:
– .exe
– .zip
– .scr
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Folders or Labels
• Folders or Labels
– Allow you to organize
your emails for quicker
reference.
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Trash or Deleted Items
• Deleted Items
– To delete click on the “Delete”
Command
– Once it is deleted from the trash
folder “it’s gone”
• Trash Folder
– Items in the trash folder are
accessible
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Email Etiquette
• Email Do’s:
– Keep emails clear and
concise
– Use a relevant subject
line
– Add a greeting and
closing line to your email
• "Dear Angela”
 Closing
Sincerely
Thanks
Followed by your name
Be aware of your tone in
your email
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Email Etiquette (cont.)
• Check your email before
sending
– Check it for spelling and
grammar errors
– Check the content and
wording
• Check your recipients
– To
– CC
– BCC
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Email Etiquette
• Email Don’ts
– Don’t use caps lock
– An overlong signature
– Don’t use hard-to-read
fonts or colors
 Don't overuse Reply to All
 Don't try to cover too many
topics
 Don't forward chain emails
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Professionalism in Emailing
• Professionalism
– Not too informal
– No profanity
– Never convey anger
• Always read your emails
before sending
– Don’t discuss confidential
information
• Think before you send!
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Companies are Monitoring
• Businesses today are
monitoring
• Don’t use your work email to
write anything derogatory
• Social Media
– Is monitored
– Beware what you post
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Online Phishing Scams
• Fishing for confidential
information
• Receive an e-mail which appears
to originate from a financial
institution
• Describes an urgent reason you
must "verify" or "re-submit
 Consumer may be asked to
provide Social Security numbers,
account numbers, passwords or
other information
 When the consumer provides the
information, those perpetrating
the fraud can begin to access
consumer accounts or assume the
person's identity.
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Protect Yourself from Phishing
• Don’t reply to emails that ask for
personal or financial information
• Never click links within emails that
ask for personal or financial
information
• Avoid cutting and pasting links
from an email message into a new
browser window
 Never call company phone numbers
listed in an email.
 Don’t email personal or financial
information
 Use anti-virus and anti-spyware
software, a firewall, and spam
filters.
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Phishing
• Here is an example
of a Phishing Scam
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Fraudulent Emails
• Subject lines that:
– Look important
– Show concern
• Examples:
– Message Alert
– Unauthorized Log-In Access
Denied
– Email Verification Required
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Questions
• Questions or Comments?
• prestonmprestonmwiinga@gmail.com ,
• Facebook page: Preston Mwiinga
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COMMON USES
• E-mail – electronic message sending
• World Wide Web - huge set of interlinked
documents, images and other resources, linked
by hyperlinks and URLs
• Remote Access - computer users to connect to
other computers and information stores easily,
wherever they may be across the world
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COMMON USES
• Collaboration - low cost and nearly instantaneous
sharing of ideas, knowledge, and skills has made
collaborative work dramatically easier – instant
messaging, chat room
• File sharing - computer file can be e-mailed as an
attachment or uploaded to a website or FTP server
for easy download by others
• Streaming media - existing radio and television
broadcasters provide Internet "feeds" of their live
audio and video streams (for example, the BBC or
ZNBC). prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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COMMON USES
• Internet Telephony (VoIP) - easy to use and as
convenient as a normal telephone
• Social impact - Internet has made possible entirely
new forms of social interaction, activities and
organizing, thanks to its basic features such as
widespread usability and access – Facebook,
MySpace, Tweeter
• Digital Natives - raised with widespread availability
of Internet connectivity, with consequences for
privacy, identity, and copyright concerns
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COMMON USES
• Political Organization and Censorship -has
achieved new relevance as a political tool
• Leisure activities - many Internet forums have
sections devoted to games and funny videos; short
cartoons in the form of Flash movies are also
popular
• Market - become a large market for companies by
taking advantage of the efficient nature of low-cost
advertising and commerce through the Internet,
also known as e-commerceprestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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INTERNET ACCESS
• Home access include dial-up, landline broadband
(over coaxial cable, fiber optic or copper wires),
Wi-Fi, satellite and 3G technology for cell phones
• Public places to use the Internet include libraries
and Internet cafes, where computers with Internet
connections are available, airport halls and coffee
shops, in some cases just for brief use while
standing prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
• Email: free ( no charge per use) when compared to
telephone, fax and postal services.
• Information: There is a huge amount of
information available
• Services: Many services are now provided on the
internet such as online banking, job seeking and
applications, and hotel reservations. Often these
services are not available off-line or cost more.prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
• Buy or sell products: The internet is a very
effective way to buy and sell products all over
the world.
• Communities: Communities of all types have
sprung up on the internet. Its a great way to
meet up with people of similar interest and
discuss common issues.prestonmwiinga@gmail.com/
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155

DISADVANTAGES OF THE
INTERNET
• Theft of Personal information: may be facing
grave danger as your personal information such as
name, address, credit card number etc. can be
accessed by other culprits to make your problems
worse.
• Spamming: Spamming refers to sending
unwanted e-mails in bulk, which provide no
purpose and needlessly obstruct the entire system.
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DISADVANTAGES OF THE
INTERNET
• Virus threat : Virus is nothing but a program
which disrupts the normal functioning of your
computer systems. Computers attached to
internet are more prone to virus attacks
• Pornography: Perhaps the biggest threat
related to your children’s healthy mental life.
A very serious issue concerning the Internet.
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