computer hardware technology ppt

1. http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com
Programming
Fundamentals
Role of compiler ,linker , and IDE and Introduction to basic structure of C language
DUA ZAMEER #02 BS-SE

2. HOW IT WORKS AND ITS USE
Compiler
01
ROLE OF LINKER
LINKER
02
What is IDE AND ITS ROLE
IDE
03
.
INTODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE
04

3. Defination
A compiler is a specialized
program that translates high-
level programming code
written in a source language
into machine code or an
intermediate code that can be
executed by a computer. The
primary purpose of a compiler
is to convert human-readable
code into a format that a
computer can understand and
execute.
Compiler
/

4. How compiler works
Semantic Analysis
Syntax
Analysis
Lexical Analysis
Source Code
Intermediate Code
Generation Code Optimization Code Generation and
linking OUTPUT
The syntax analysis phase
checks the arrangement of
tokens to ensure they form
valid expressions and
statements according to the
language's grammar rules.
The compiler checks the
meaning of the code using
semantic analysis.. For example,
it checks data types, variable
declarations, and function calls
Compiler's first phase is lexical
analysis or scanning. The source
code is broken down into individual
tokens, such as keywords,
identifiers, literals, and operators.
This phase also removes
comments and whitespace.
. The compiler translates the
optimized intermediate code into
machine code If the program
consists of multiple source files or
modules, the compiler may link
them together to create a single
executable file.
. Some compilers generate an
intermediate code, which is a
lower-level representation of
the source code. This
intermediate code is easier to
optimize and can be platform-
independent, allowing for
portability
The process begins with a
programmer writing code in a
high- level programming
language such as C, C++,
Java, or Python. This code is
referred to as the source code
The compiler performs various
optimizations on the intermediate
code to improve the efficiency of
the generated machine code.
Optimization techniques aim to
reduce execution time, memory
usage, or both
. The final output of the
compilation process is an
executable file that can be run
on the target computer. This file
contains the translated machine
code and any necessary
information for the operating
system to execute the program.

5. WHAT IS LINKER
A linker is a software utility that
combines one or more object files
generated by a compiler into a single
executable program or library. When a
program is compiled, the source code
is translated into machine code,
resulting in one or more object files.
These object files contain the
machine code instructions, data, and
other information needed to execute
the program.
ROLE OF LINKER

6. TYPES OF LINKER
Contents
Performance
Contents
Performance
Performs linking at the time the
program is loaded or during its
execution. Dynamic linking allows
multiple programs to share a
single copy of a library, saving
memory space. Dynamic linking
can occur either when the program
is loaded into memory (load-time
linking) or when specific functions
are called during execution (run-
time linking)..
RUN TIME LINKER
COMPILE TIME LINKER
Performs linking at the time
of compilation, combining all
necessary object files into a
single executable before the
program runs. The resulting
executable is self-contained
and does not rely on external
files during execution.

7. TYPES OF LINKER
. Performs linking at the
time of compilation,
combining all necessary
object files into a single
executable before the
program runs. The
resulting executable is
self-contained and does
not rely on external files
during execution.
Compile-time
Linker (Static
Linker) Performs linking at the
time the program is
loaded or during its
execution. Dynamic
linking allows multiple
programs to share a
single copy of a library,
saving memory space.
Dynamic linking can
occur either when the
program is loaded into
memory (load-time
linking) or when specific
functions are called
during execution (run-
time linking). .
Run-time Linker
(Dynamic
Linker)

8. source code editor
IDE INCLUDE
DEBUGGER
IDE INCLUDE
AUTOMATION
TOOLS
IDE INCLUDE
IDE
INTEGERATD DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENT
. It is a software application that
provides the comprehensive
facilities to programmers for
software development.

9. POPULAR IDES
.
Visual Studio
X CODE
TURBO
RIDER
EXCLIPSE
Q t IDE
.

10. IDE USES
It is a software application that provides
comprehensive facilities to
programmers for software development.
An IDE typically includes a source
code editor, a debugger, build
automation tools, and other features
that make the process of writing,
testing, and debugging code more
efficient and streamlined. The goal of an
IDE is to provide a centralized
environment that helps developers
manage the entire software
development life cycle, from writing
code to testing and deployment

11. IMPORTANCE OF IDE
Code Editing and Assistance: Debugging Tools
Syntax Highlighting
CODE COMPLETION
Integrated Debugger
Breakpoints and Inspections
Project Management Content Here
Project Navigation
Simple PowerPoint
Ease of Learning
Built-in
Documentation
Language Support
Multilanguage Support
Intelligent Language Features:
Refactoring and
Code Quality
Code Refactoring
Tools
Code Metrics
Build and Compilation
Build automation
Error handling

12. INTRODUCTION TO PF
Programming is the process of designing and building an executable
computer program to accomplish a specific task. It is a fundamental skill in
today's technology-driven world, enabling individuals to communicate with
computers and create software applications that solve problems, automate
tasks, and facilitate various functionalities..
PROGRAMMING
• An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or set of rules designed to perform a
specific task or solve a particular problem. Algorithms are the building blocks of
programming
• Programming languages are formal systems designed for instructing computers.
They provide a way for humans to communicate instructions to machines.
Examples include Python, Java, C++, and JavaScript.
• Syntax refers to the set of rules that dictate how programs written in a specific
programming language should be structured. Proper syntax is crucial for the
program to be understood and executed by the computer.
• Variables are containers for storing data values. They have names and can hold
different types of information, such as numbers, text, or boolean values.

13. INTRODUCTION TO PF
• Control structures determine the flow of execution in a program. Common control structures include loops
(repeating a set of instructions) and conditionals (executing specific instructions based on certain conditions).
• Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform a specific task. They help in organizing code, making it
more modular and easier to maintain
• Programming languages support various data types, such as integers, floating-point numbers,
strings, and more. Understanding data types is essential for managing and manipulating information
within a program.
• Debugging is the process of identifying and fixing errors or bugs in a program. It involves analyzing the code,
identifying the issue, and making corrections to ensure the program functions as intended.
• An IDE is a software application that provides comprehensive tools for writing, testing, and debugging code. It
includes features like code editors, compilers, and debuggers to streamline the development process.
• Problem solving is fundamentally about solving problems. It requires breaking down complex issues into
smaller, manageable tasks and then implementing solutions through code.

14. Basic structure of C language
The basic structure of a C programming language program follows a specific format. A C program consists of a series
of statements written within a set of curly braces. Here's a simple breakdown of the basic structure of a C program:
#include <stdio.h> // Include necessary header files
// Function prototype (if needed)
// This informs the compiler about the existence of the function before it is defined.
// It's not necessary for all functions.
// Example: void my Function();
// The main function
intmain()
{
// Declarations and statements go here
// Example: Print "Hello, World!" to the console
printf ("Hello, World!n");
// Return statement
return 0;
}

16. Basic structure of C language
Header files #include < stdio.h>: This line includes the standard input/output header file ( stdio.h). It's necessary for
using functions like print f and scan f. Other header files may be included for additional functionality.
Function Prototype (Optional):Function prototypes inform the compiler about the existence of a function before it
is defined. It's not required for all functions, especially for the main function. If you define your own functions, you may
include prototypes before the main function. // Example:
// void myFunction();
Main Function :int main() { ... }: The main function is the entry point of a C program. Execution begins from here.
The int before main indicates that the function returns an integer value. The curly braces {} enclose the body of the
function
Declarations and Statements: Declarations involve specifying the data types of variables and functions.
Statements are instructions that the program executes. These can include variable declarations, assignments,
conditionals, loops, and function calls.
// Example: Variable declaration and assignment
int age = 25;

17. Basic structure of C language
printf Function: printf("Hello, World!n");: This statement
prints "Hello, World!" to the console. The n represents a newline
character.
Return Statement: return 0;: The return statement ends the main
function. The 0 typically indicates a successful execution. Other values may
be used to indicate errors

18. THANK YOU