Parts 3 and 4 of a comprehensive look at the Geoweb, based on well defined web2.0 patterns and examples as well as organice buzz within the Geoweb community. For a detailed summary, see http://blog.gishacks.com/2009/09/comprehensive-look-at-geoweb-part-3-and.html.
Mapping the Foodshed and Sharing YOUR Storyvanhoesenj
This presentation was delivered by Philip Ackerman-Leist and John Van Hoesen from Green Mountain Collage at the 2012 Farm to Cafeteria Conference in Burlington, VT.
http://farmtocafeteriaconference.org/6/
This document outlines Andrew Crooks' research using GIS and agent-based modeling to study various social and environmental problems. It provides examples of applications including modeling border security, disease spread, refugee camps, slum formation, and wildfire evacuations. New sources of crowdsourced data from social media and the internet are discussed as a way to supplement traditional data and obtain near real-time information to inform models. The integration of GIS and agent-based modeling is presented as a way to explore complex systems and human behaviors at fine spatial and temporal scales.
Leveraging Crowdsourced data for Agent-based modeling: Opportunities, Example...crooksAndrew
This document discusses leveraging crowdsourced data from sources like social media, photos, and reviews for agent-based modeling. It provides examples of using this data to model traffic patterns, neighborhood dynamics, disaster response, and wildfires. While this data provides new insights, there are also challenges to address regarding data collection and storage, validation across sources, and addressing biases. Overall, crowdsourced data represents new opportunities for understanding human behavior and perception of space over time through geosimulation models.
This document provides an overview of agent-based modeling and geographic information systems (GIS). It discusses why urban systems are complex and why individual-based modeling is useful for understanding urban dynamics. Agent-based models simulate individual agent behaviors and measure how system properties emerge over time from these interactions. GIS represents real-world phenomena spatially through layers of raster (grid) or vector (points, lines, polygons) data. Integrating GIS and agent-based modeling allows modeling agents located in actual spaces and discovering new patterns through their interactions over space and time. The document reviews example applications and modeling toolkits for building spatial agent-based models.
This document discusses the emergence of mapping and geospatial data on the web without centralized authorities or credentials. It notes how open source mapping allows for "bottom-up" and crowdsourced maps that challenge traditional top-down maps. Some key aspects covered include the rise of map mashups and volunteered geographic information, challenges around standards and coherence of crowdsourced data, and issues of censorship, the digital divide and net neutrality.
This proposal recommends integrating Google Earth into Benton Middle School in Prince William County, Virginia. It outlines a 3-phase approach starting with one instructor's classes, then expanding to one grade level, and finally integrating across all grade levels. Google Earth allows students to explore maps, satellite images, and other geographic data. It can be used across many subjects to enhance learning and meet technology standards. The proposal analyzes costs and training needs for staff and students and argues the educational benefits outweigh any costs.
Mapping the Foodshed and Sharing YOUR Storyvanhoesenj
This presentation was delivered by Philip Ackerman-Leist and John Van Hoesen from Green Mountain Collage at the 2012 Farm to Cafeteria Conference in Burlington, VT.
http://farmtocafeteriaconference.org/6/
This document outlines Andrew Crooks' research using GIS and agent-based modeling to study various social and environmental problems. It provides examples of applications including modeling border security, disease spread, refugee camps, slum formation, and wildfire evacuations. New sources of crowdsourced data from social media and the internet are discussed as a way to supplement traditional data and obtain near real-time information to inform models. The integration of GIS and agent-based modeling is presented as a way to explore complex systems and human behaviors at fine spatial and temporal scales.
Leveraging Crowdsourced data for Agent-based modeling: Opportunities, Example...crooksAndrew
This document discusses leveraging crowdsourced data from sources like social media, photos, and reviews for agent-based modeling. It provides examples of using this data to model traffic patterns, neighborhood dynamics, disaster response, and wildfires. While this data provides new insights, there are also challenges to address regarding data collection and storage, validation across sources, and addressing biases. Overall, crowdsourced data represents new opportunities for understanding human behavior and perception of space over time through geosimulation models.
This document provides an overview of agent-based modeling and geographic information systems (GIS). It discusses why urban systems are complex and why individual-based modeling is useful for understanding urban dynamics. Agent-based models simulate individual agent behaviors and measure how system properties emerge over time from these interactions. GIS represents real-world phenomena spatially through layers of raster (grid) or vector (points, lines, polygons) data. Integrating GIS and agent-based modeling allows modeling agents located in actual spaces and discovering new patterns through their interactions over space and time. The document reviews example applications and modeling toolkits for building spatial agent-based models.
This document discusses the emergence of mapping and geospatial data on the web without centralized authorities or credentials. It notes how open source mapping allows for "bottom-up" and crowdsourced maps that challenge traditional top-down maps. Some key aspects covered include the rise of map mashups and volunteered geographic information, challenges around standards and coherence of crowdsourced data, and issues of censorship, the digital divide and net neutrality.
This proposal recommends integrating Google Earth into Benton Middle School in Prince William County, Virginia. It outlines a 3-phase approach starting with one instructor's classes, then expanding to one grade level, and finally integrating across all grade levels. Google Earth allows students to explore maps, satellite images, and other geographic data. It can be used across many subjects to enhance learning and meet technology standards. The proposal analyzes costs and training needs for staff and students and argues the educational benefits outweigh any costs.
GeoWeb Concepts, Tools and ApplicationsMatthew Dance
This was an invited presentation to the University of Alberta's Human Geography and Planning 100 class. As the title implies, I provided a brief overview of GeoWeb concepts, tools and provided an overview of the maps I found most interesting in the past couple of months.
This document provides an overview of non-point source (NPS) air pollution emissions in Alberta, Canada. It shows that in 2011, 64% of particulate matter emissions in Alberta came from road dust, while agriculture accounted for 90% of ammonia emissions. The document also notes that stationary air quality monitoring shows improvements from 2005-2010, but mobile monitoring identified some areas with increased air pollution. Finally, it defines NPS as aggregated small sources of emissions that are too numerous or widespread to measure individually, such as vehicle exhaust, farming activities, and residential fuel combustion.
Abstract:
Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) defines a practice where GIS technology and methods are used in support of public participation and decision making in a number of domain applications (Sieber, 2000). PPGIS is viewed as a top-down process where a central authority identifies a problem, the stakeholders and the best way to address it (Ghose, 2007). Current advances in the GeoWeb are challenging the top-down purview of PPGIS in that more citizens are directly engaging with tools that enable the collection and communication of place-based knowledge by non-experts. This emerging process raises pertinent questions, including: How is knowledge of place expressed, and to what extent is it relevant to PPGIS? This talk will highlight local research that centered on Edmonton’s river valley trail network where 17 informants were interviewed regarding their knowledge of place, in addition to their collection and communication of place-based information. This research will address the crowdsourcing of such information through the GeoWeb as a means of replacing traditional, authority controlled, PPGIS processes. We will demonstrate that individuals possess a complex, detailed and nuanced understanding of place. And, finally, we will discuss the current limits and future trends of the GeoWeb’s ability to capture that depth of understanding.
Part 2 of a 4 part series exploring Web 2.0 and the Geoweb. This short series of lectures is part of the "Introduction to Geoweb" course offered at the University of Colorado at Denver. Previous experience with generic web architectures and http is assumed. Full context is available at http://blog.gishacks.com/2009/08/web-20-and-geoweb-part-2-web-20.html.
Lecture delivered for Prof. Terry Slocum's Geography Seminar (Geog 911) on Neogeography at the University of Kansas (23Feb2010) . Reviews my research on GIS 2.0, its impact on humanitarian information management, and discusses a class project.
The document discusses the Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo), an organization that promotes open source geospatial software and data. OSGeo provides resources and support for open source geospatial projects, promotes open standards and interoperability, and encourages use of open source geospatial software in education through conferences, local groups, and curriculum development. Examples are given of using open source desktop and web-based geospatial software for tasks like data analysis, mapping, and spatially enabling databases.
The document discusses the Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo), an organization that promotes open source geospatial software and data. OSGeo provides resources and support for open source geospatial projects, promotes open standards and interoperability, and encourages education and use of open source geospatial software. Examples are given of desktop and web-based open source geospatial applications for tasks like data analysis, mapping, and spatially enabling databases. Information is provided on OSGeo projects, events, and local user groups as well as resources for learning more.
The document discusses the Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo), its mission to support open source geospatial software and promote its use. OSGeo provides resources for projects, promotes open data and standards, and ensures quality of software. It also aims to make software more accessible through documentation and education. Examples are given of using open source geospatial software for desktop mapping, web mapping, and spatially enabling databases.
1. The document discusses geo-informatics and its use for disaster risk reduction and sustainable development through digital platforms like Digital Earth and Digital Asia.
2. Key applications mentioned include public participatory GIS, adaptation for climate change, monitoring glacial lakes, and early warning systems using sensor networks.
3. The Graduate School of Media and Governance at Keio University conducts research related to global innovation systems, security, and emerging crises through its Global Security Research Center.
eMerges - Terra Cognita 2006 Workshop (ISWC)Vlad Tanasescu
Slides describing the eMerges approach at the <a href="http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/partnerships/research/research/terracognita.html">Terra Cognita Workshop</a>, collocated with ISWC.
This document presents WIND, an interaction model for designing geographical web applications. WIND uses an object-oriented model where an interaction consists of a sensible area, event, and reaction. Sensible areas can be text, maps, or calendars. The model is implemented as a JavaScript API and allows defining interactions through four steps. Future work includes improving the sensible area and event concepts and creating an authoring environment for non-programmers.
2015 FOSS4G Track: Open Specifications for the Storage, Transport and Process...GIS in the Rockies
This talk presents an overview of some of the most important Open Specifications (OS) for the storage, transport and processing of geospatial data and why they matter for the development of the next generation of geospatial systems and data infrastructures. What is the importance of being Open? What is the relationship of OS and geospatial software (both FOSS4G and private/proprietary software)? A Web-based system architecture based on OS and FOSS4G will be presented.
This talk opened the geospatial track of the Apache Big Data conference. The geospatial track aimed to increase the benefits of implementing open source consistent with open geospatial standards.
After an introduction of the geospatial track this talk focused on these topics:
- Applications of Big Geo Data
- Geospatial Open Standards
- Big Geo Use Cases
- Open Source and Open Standards.
Local GIS/GPS specialist Lisa Arnold will introduce you to geographic information systems and demonstrate how to translate geographic information onto the web:
* Why geographic location — "where" — matters
* Options available for delivering maps on the web
* Focus on ESRI's ArcGIS mapping software utilizing the ArcGIS API for Flex.
The development of a Geographic Information System for traffic route planni...Matthew Pulis
This was my MSc. Informatics thesis. The project started with a Literature Review studying the historic advancements of Location Based Services and Geographic Information Systems, in particular Open Source GIS. Case Studies were reviewed so as to gain knowledge from past experiences. The methodology used for this project followed the DSDM methodology and requirements were drawn following the MoSCoW priorities. A full working version of the project which is presented in
a Web Interface can be accessed online.
This document presents a system for managing spatial databases on mobile devices. It proposes an architecture with three tiers: a data tier providing open standards interfaces, a middleware tier enabling access to spatial data services, and a mobile tier with GIS software to access, display, and edit spatial data locally. It describes a prototype implementation on Android phones using OpenStreetMap data stored locally in a spatial database to allow spatial queries without internet. The prototype demonstrates line-of-sight and field-of-view queries to filter objects not visible to the user and reduce information overload.
Presentation by Mattia Santoro, CNR-IIA, Italy
GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of System) is presented and its main constituent services and components are described. The FAIR principles appliance in GEOSS is analyzed. On-going and future developments are also introduced.
GeoWeb Concepts, Tools and ApplicationsMatthew Dance
This was an invited presentation to the University of Alberta's Human Geography and Planning 100 class. As the title implies, I provided a brief overview of GeoWeb concepts, tools and provided an overview of the maps I found most interesting in the past couple of months.
This document provides an overview of non-point source (NPS) air pollution emissions in Alberta, Canada. It shows that in 2011, 64% of particulate matter emissions in Alberta came from road dust, while agriculture accounted for 90% of ammonia emissions. The document also notes that stationary air quality monitoring shows improvements from 2005-2010, but mobile monitoring identified some areas with increased air pollution. Finally, it defines NPS as aggregated small sources of emissions that are too numerous or widespread to measure individually, such as vehicle exhaust, farming activities, and residential fuel combustion.
Abstract:
Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) defines a practice where GIS technology and methods are used in support of public participation and decision making in a number of domain applications (Sieber, 2000). PPGIS is viewed as a top-down process where a central authority identifies a problem, the stakeholders and the best way to address it (Ghose, 2007). Current advances in the GeoWeb are challenging the top-down purview of PPGIS in that more citizens are directly engaging with tools that enable the collection and communication of place-based knowledge by non-experts. This emerging process raises pertinent questions, including: How is knowledge of place expressed, and to what extent is it relevant to PPGIS? This talk will highlight local research that centered on Edmonton’s river valley trail network where 17 informants were interviewed regarding their knowledge of place, in addition to their collection and communication of place-based information. This research will address the crowdsourcing of such information through the GeoWeb as a means of replacing traditional, authority controlled, PPGIS processes. We will demonstrate that individuals possess a complex, detailed and nuanced understanding of place. And, finally, we will discuss the current limits and future trends of the GeoWeb’s ability to capture that depth of understanding.
Part 2 of a 4 part series exploring Web 2.0 and the Geoweb. This short series of lectures is part of the "Introduction to Geoweb" course offered at the University of Colorado at Denver. Previous experience with generic web architectures and http is assumed. Full context is available at http://blog.gishacks.com/2009/08/web-20-and-geoweb-part-2-web-20.html.
Lecture delivered for Prof. Terry Slocum's Geography Seminar (Geog 911) on Neogeography at the University of Kansas (23Feb2010) . Reviews my research on GIS 2.0, its impact on humanitarian information management, and discusses a class project.
The document discusses the Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo), an organization that promotes open source geospatial software and data. OSGeo provides resources and support for open source geospatial projects, promotes open standards and interoperability, and encourages use of open source geospatial software in education through conferences, local groups, and curriculum development. Examples are given of using open source desktop and web-based geospatial software for tasks like data analysis, mapping, and spatially enabling databases.
The document discusses the Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo), an organization that promotes open source geospatial software and data. OSGeo provides resources and support for open source geospatial projects, promotes open standards and interoperability, and encourages education and use of open source geospatial software. Examples are given of desktop and web-based open source geospatial applications for tasks like data analysis, mapping, and spatially enabling databases. Information is provided on OSGeo projects, events, and local user groups as well as resources for learning more.
The document discusses the Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo), its mission to support open source geospatial software and promote its use. OSGeo provides resources for projects, promotes open data and standards, and ensures quality of software. It also aims to make software more accessible through documentation and education. Examples are given of using open source geospatial software for desktop mapping, web mapping, and spatially enabling databases.
1. The document discusses geo-informatics and its use for disaster risk reduction and sustainable development through digital platforms like Digital Earth and Digital Asia.
2. Key applications mentioned include public participatory GIS, adaptation for climate change, monitoring glacial lakes, and early warning systems using sensor networks.
3. The Graduate School of Media and Governance at Keio University conducts research related to global innovation systems, security, and emerging crises through its Global Security Research Center.
eMerges - Terra Cognita 2006 Workshop (ISWC)Vlad Tanasescu
Slides describing the eMerges approach at the <a href="http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/partnerships/research/research/terracognita.html">Terra Cognita Workshop</a>, collocated with ISWC.
This document presents WIND, an interaction model for designing geographical web applications. WIND uses an object-oriented model where an interaction consists of a sensible area, event, and reaction. Sensible areas can be text, maps, or calendars. The model is implemented as a JavaScript API and allows defining interactions through four steps. Future work includes improving the sensible area and event concepts and creating an authoring environment for non-programmers.
2015 FOSS4G Track: Open Specifications for the Storage, Transport and Process...GIS in the Rockies
This talk presents an overview of some of the most important Open Specifications (OS) for the storage, transport and processing of geospatial data and why they matter for the development of the next generation of geospatial systems and data infrastructures. What is the importance of being Open? What is the relationship of OS and geospatial software (both FOSS4G and private/proprietary software)? A Web-based system architecture based on OS and FOSS4G will be presented.
This talk opened the geospatial track of the Apache Big Data conference. The geospatial track aimed to increase the benefits of implementing open source consistent with open geospatial standards.
After an introduction of the geospatial track this talk focused on these topics:
- Applications of Big Geo Data
- Geospatial Open Standards
- Big Geo Use Cases
- Open Source and Open Standards.
Local GIS/GPS specialist Lisa Arnold will introduce you to geographic information systems and demonstrate how to translate geographic information onto the web:
* Why geographic location — "where" — matters
* Options available for delivering maps on the web
* Focus on ESRI's ArcGIS mapping software utilizing the ArcGIS API for Flex.
The development of a Geographic Information System for traffic route planni...Matthew Pulis
This was my MSc. Informatics thesis. The project started with a Literature Review studying the historic advancements of Location Based Services and Geographic Information Systems, in particular Open Source GIS. Case Studies were reviewed so as to gain knowledge from past experiences. The methodology used for this project followed the DSDM methodology and requirements were drawn following the MoSCoW priorities. A full working version of the project which is presented in
a Web Interface can be accessed online.
This document presents a system for managing spatial databases on mobile devices. It proposes an architecture with three tiers: a data tier providing open standards interfaces, a middleware tier enabling access to spatial data services, and a mobile tier with GIS software to access, display, and edit spatial data locally. It describes a prototype implementation on Android phones using OpenStreetMap data stored locally in a spatial database to allow spatial queries without internet. The prototype demonstrates line-of-sight and field-of-view queries to filter objects not visible to the user and reduce information overload.
Presentation by Mattia Santoro, CNR-IIA, Italy
GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of System) is presented and its main constituent services and components are described. The FAIR principles appliance in GEOSS is analyzed. On-going and future developments are also introduced.
Part 1 of a 4 part series exploring Web 2.0 and the Geoweb. This short series of lectures is part of the "Introduction to Geoweb" course offered at the University of Colorado at Denver. Full context available at http://blog.gishacks.com/2009/08/web-20-and-geoweb-part-1-web-20.html.
The Carbon Project - Spatial and Situational Awareness ConferenceCarbon Project
Geospatial networks like Google Maps, Microsoft Virtual Earth, and others are evolving quickly to provide map-based data and services. Software tools can access these networks and integrate their data and services into GIS systems. Standards like OGC SDI 1.0 allow homeland security users to find and access geospatial data like roads, hydrography, and governmental boundaries needed for analysis. Scenarios show how analysts could use geospatial networks and services to view and analyze the projected dispersion of a toxic plume over time to determine what infrastructure may be affected.
Advancing open source geospatial software for the do d ic edward pickle openg...Joshua L. Davis
The document discusses OpenGeo, an open source geospatial software company. It summarizes OpenGeo's products and services, including the OpenGeo Suite which bundles several open source geospatial projects. It also discusses how OpenGeo software is being used by organizations for mapping, visualization, and publishing geospatial data.
This document discusses integrating the Exchange Network with the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) to create NSDI 2.0. It proposes using open standards and web services to publish, search, and access geospatial and environmental data through online catalogs and services. This would allow data to be maintained locally but shared nationally to support infrastructure and environmental projects.
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1. Comprehensive Overview of the Geoweb Introduction to the Geoweb Gregory L. Gunther University of Colorado at Denver Introduction to the Geoweb Gregory L. Gunther University of Colorado at Denver
9. What Do You Think? “spatially enabled and access over the internet” “complete integration and use of location at all levels of the Internet and the Web” Before this course: “simply as interactive maps published on the internet, through platforms such as ArcIMS or simple web enabled flash maps” “digital representation of the real world” “internet technologies to get and share geospatial information” “massive community of applications” “kids would use to learn geography”
19. “An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms (biotic factors) in an area functioning together with all of the physical (abiotic) factors of the environment. Ecosystems can be permanent or temporary. An ecosystem is a unit of interdependent organisms which share the same habitat. Ecosystems usually form a number of food webs…” (Ecosystem, 2009)
24. Evolution of the Geoweb Online Maps Distributed GIS Geoweb 1995 2004-2005 2000 Present
25. Data Accuracy and Integrity/Capabilities Higher Lower User Technical Level Higher Lower Web 2.0 Patterns Geoweb Distributed GIS System Design/Usability Lower Higher
29. Barriers To Data Sharing: At Least the SDI Approach “Geodata.gov is the worst example of data sharing available” “Finding stuff with a map is the way to go” “Time to kill metadata” “Information for the casual user” “Geoportals don’t work because they are created by experts for experts” “Comes down to GeoZen” “Metadata should be machine created” (Fee, 2009)
32. Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Mapping Service (WMS) Web Feature Service (WFS) Catalogue Services Interface (CAT) Geographic Markup Language (GML) Keyhole Markup Language Metadata standards ISO 19115 Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM), Vers. 2 Dublin Core W3C Web Service Standards (SOAP)
36. “Since internet users now have a myriad of choices in where they go for information, we as professionals should be designing highly usable systems that give users relevant information…and give it to them right now. If we don’t, they’ll simply go somewhere else.” (Noyle, 2009)
37. Usability and the Geoweb Lesson 1: Hide Complexity Lesson 2: Provide Feedback Lesson 3: Protect Users From Themselves Lesson 4: Performance (Noyle, 2009)
41. Formats as Representation Resources (Map) SOAP WMS WFS HTTP Goodness (RESTful) Representations of a resource GeoJSON GML JPEG2000 KML GeoRSS JPEG2000
42. “GeoRSS, KML, and GeoJSON are the itching powder, squirting ink pen, and dribble cup of geodata formats.”– Sean Gillies (Turner, 2009)
43. Common Web 2.0 Patterns Influencing the Geoweb Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) Software as a Service (SaaS) Participation-Collaboration Asynchronous Particle Update Mashup Rich User Experience Collaborative Tagging Structured Information Formulated By Real Examples….
44. SOA Debate for the Geoweb REST SOAP “Is the web” Bottom up approach Organic Stateless, cacheable, layered, linked URI based resources Multiple formats (not just xml) Bookmarkable Portable Performance Simple “SOAP You Can Trust” It has been around and has been used Standards oriented It works Top down approach Contract oriented Complex Robust Secure (Noyle and Painter, 2009)
51. GeoRSS Feed From USGS JSON Map Service ArcGIS Server JSON Map Service ArcGIS Online
52.
53. Top Down Vs. Bottom Up Standards vs. Grassroots GML vs. RSS REST vs. SOAP Metadata Spatial Data Infrastructures vs. RESTful discovery Adaptability vs. Stability
54.
55.
56.
57. “An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms (biotic factors) in an area functioning together with all of the physical (abiotic) factors of the environment. Ecosystems can be permanent or temporary. An ecosystem is a unit of interdependent organisms which share the same habitat. Ecosystems usually form a number of food webs…” (Ecosystem, 2009)
58. Geoweb as an Ecosystem Unit: Geoweb Biotic Factors: People Users, Participants Perceptions (top-down vs bottom-up) Change Usability Abiotic Factors: Architectures, standards, formats, specifications, development platforms Relationships Permanent of temporary Interdependence Food webs
59. Future Semantic Web (Web 3.0) Sensor Networks Now: Environmental Modeling, Battlefield surveillance Future: Facilities management (where is that computer in a particular building) (Moreno, 2009)
60. References Cited Ecosystem. (2009, August 26). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:10, August 26, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecosystem&oldid=310197121 ESRI. (2007). Geospatial Service Oriented Architectures. ESRI Whitepaper. http://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/geospatial-soa.pdf ESRI. (2003). Implementing a Metadata Catalog Portal in a GIS Network http://downloads2.esri.com/support/whitepapers/ao_/Implementing_a_Metadata_Catalog_Portal_in_a_GIS_Network.pdf Fee, James. (2009). Barriers to Data Sharing. WhereCamp5280. July 2009. RetrievedAugust, 2009, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCeKI_7sRJ8
61. References Cited Jones, Michael, T. (2009). Michael T. Jones – Geoweb Conference-July 20, 2009. RetrievedAugust, 2009, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCeKI_7sRJ8 Moreno, Rafael. (2009). The Geospatial Semantic Web: What are its Implications for Geospatial Information Users. Unpublished. Noyle, Brian. Usability and the Geoweb. Weblog entry. GIS and .Net Development. August 2009. http://briannoyle.wordpress.com/2009/07/03/useability-and-the-geoweb-part-1-of/ Noyle, Brian, Painter, Ian. (2009). GeoWeb Architecture Panel. RetrievedSeptember, 2009, from http://www.ustream.tv/recorded/1898360 “Ian Painter" (http://www.snowflakesoftware.com/ ). " I did a Top Down talk..." [Weblog comment.] N.d. Top Down vs. Bottom Up at GeoWeb 2009. Sean Gorman. Off the Map. July 2009. http://blog.fortiusone.com/2009/08/07/top-down-vs-bottom-up-at-geoweb-2009/
62. References Cited Scharl, A. and Tochtermann, K. (2007). The Geospatial Web: How Geobrowsers, Social Software and Web 2.0 are Shaping the Network Society. London, England: Spring Science. Treves, Richard. (2009). AGU Scientists Tech Talks – Geoweb Usability [Video]? RetrievedAugust, 2009, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=levgAXgxYw0 Turner, Andrew. Geoweb Standards: Five Part Series. Weblog entry. High Earth Orbit. August 2009. http://highearthorbit.com/geoweb-standards-intro/ Understanding Hype Cycles. Hype Cycles. 26 August 2009. 26 August 2009 http://www.gartner.com/pages/story.php.id.8795.s.8.jsp.
Editor's Notes
What is the geoweb?People use the term like it is a tangible thing, like they know what it is, like it existsStory course nameDepends on who your are talking tooWhat their perspective is.From what angleTechnologists GovernmentUsersVendorsOld School Geogeeks (GIS)To get a full definition, we need to look at if from all angles because I’m not sure which is right
Many things is not about (at least each by themselves)
Its not just something that is driven or lives in the context of a GIS. Much larger scope
Geoweb = Google Earth isn’t true. This is a component, manifestation of Geoweb but isn’t the end allInterfacing with the geoweb
Its not even about webmaps or slick web mapping applications.
Not just about code,api’s, sdk’s
What it is collectivelylook at it from all angles
History, what is the historical story of the geowebIts rootsWhere and whyevolution
From a scientist/GIS professionals perspectiveGIS Online: Distributed GISGIS foundation resonatesGIS in the browserFull functionality
Governments talk about data sharing and SDI (spatial data infrastructure)Federated GISOrganized and dictated from over-arching standards (FGDC, W3C)Top down approach
VendorsAll things geo live on the web“Our GIS platform is the web”Emerging marketsBusiness strategies
Users/ConsumersNotion of the Geoweb and how these people use the data.Users(non-technologists, content specialists)Consumers (general public)Now I as a consumer can express myself geographically (very popular and powerful)
Change is a big one. GIS industry changes slowly. Geoweb represents change. Geoweb is set of processes related to user preferences, user behaviors, technological advancements, Cultural changes. Business processes, and workflows. Accelerated pace (telephone, 20 year adoption, tv 15 years, PC 5 years, mobile phones couple of years, Now down to a year for most things, 500,000 downloads of GE a day average since it was released) 10 billion youtube videos per month – 5 years ago it wasn’t even here. Google Maps API: 470 changes in 4 years. Almost everytime you use it, its differentProblem withGIS legacy: quality, documentation, system complexity but doesn’t adapt to change
And then of course, there are standardsNeed for standardization has been around a long time.Munster Cathedral in Germany: Carvings of standardized sizes of bread loafsStandards organizations (OGC, FGDC, ISO, W3C)Attempt to find a common understandingProblemContent specialistsTend to be too complicated: Hard to implement
And then there are the implementers-technologists for technology sake:FormatsArchitecturesArchitecturesTechnologiesSpecificationsPlatforms and frameworks
So what is it?Use an organic approach (the buzz), examples, existing landscapeThen Formalized Web 2.0 PatternsFinally, use the following analogy of an Ecosystem
First introduce the notion of an ecosystem because that is the best way I can think to describe it. As we review concepts, characteristics, etc of the Geoweb, keep this definition in mind.Following on this theme, I am going to look at the Geoweb from an organic perspective, looking at what leaders in the community are saying about it,
A good way to characterize the historical perspective is to look at the Geoweb evolutionLots of concepts here (history, legacy, top down vs bottom up approach)Geoweb, or at least how we see it has undergone an evolution
So naturally, in the beginning, the geoweb was online maps. Internet Mapping Some interactivity, but basically digital representation of something that has been around for a very long time—mapHeavy emphasis in cartography. Some traditional GIS like interactivity (identify, zoom)Not formally definedPossible DefinitionsUsing the materials available on the Internet to help to gather information, create maps, and distribute that information via the Internet.To utilize the Internet for creating and using mapping related software.Creating, displaying, and using spatial information on the world wide web.Accessing the web to create and display maps, using the most up-to-date GIS
Distributed GIS: Fully distributed GIS functionIntegration – GIS operations or components merged with basic IT operationsOpen and Independent – from hardware, operating systems, etc…Minimal Infrastructure – Rent operations and data rather than buy itGIS platform independent – no need to lock into a specific GIS platformTechnology Shift – monolithic and resource heavy to flexible, plug and playGIS vendors Refocus – components developed by smaller GIS vendorsVery specialized and domain specificVendors don’t have to be all things to all peopleality of the web
And then 2005 hit, Gmaps, Gmaps API and Gearth, OGC standards matured. IT guys got involved.But, everyone has involvement: GIS hits web 2.0Elected officials even know about geospatial data, terms, conversion etc….(mayor spoke before him)
Internet Mapping (Grasslinks, ArcView IMS, ArcIMS, MapServer)Online maps, cartography, map publishingDistributed GIS (ArcIMS, ArcGIS Server, Oracle Spatial, MapServer)Web Services & Service OrientedTechnical UsersWeb based (distributed) traditional GIS functionalityRelatively CostlyService BUS and Enterprise GISSpatial Data InfrastructuresGeoweb (Open Source, Geobrowsers, Lightweight APIs, GoogleMaps)Minimal tradional GIS functionalityContent and discovery center, not functional or data centeredService OrientedWeb 2.0Cheaper and simpleConsumer driven – non technical >>NeogeographyUsers demand rich experiences (NO MORE WAITING)
Sometimes, these changes or stages of evolution follow a well defined modelGartner Hype CycleExplain Hype CycleWhere are we at with the Geoweb in the previous contextHow might the previous incarnations of the Geoweb looked like in this hype curve.
Very much so.Traditional view has been through data portalsGIS data centric.GIS user needs drivenTop Down approachGeoweb as a federated GIS: Enabling Data Sharing: Spatial Data infrastructure.Top down approach.Standards drivenGovernment oriented
Explain in detail how a SDI worksCatalogue of metadata referencing distributed geospatial resourcesInterconnected catalogues feeding into master portalsTraditional search and discover modelPassive user participationAuthoritative data sources
Traditional Spatial Data Infrastructure Doesn’t work.Try and search for something in anything: Google Maps, Data.gov, geodata.govInterfaces OKSearch technology badMetadata never gets updated, xml isn’t all that easy for peopleGoogle search not the solution: most people only looks at first page of results so people game Google (Ads) Jason BirchESRI Restful API is searchable by googleZen: Simple related to usability.
James Fee argues that services directory of ArcGIS Server is a potential good solutionIndex by search enginesLinks to related contentNot complicated, machine and human readable
Geoweb for content specilialists (scientists and engineers): Traditional GIS in a browserVery specialized requirementsScientists need to be able to access very complex capabilitiesComplicates requirements, system design, decreased usability.Distributed GISLots of layers and capabilities. Specialized functions
Standards
Consumer oriented GeowebEvery news cast not has its fancy globe zoom inMissing girl Google Map BackyardAll news oriented communication is using a geospatial component“Geoweb is a platform for integrating media”“Popularized geo-annotating the Planet”“Can be used to tap into existing knowledge repositories, integrating them by geo-enabling them” – all being presentable in a popular media context”“Geography is the primary means of structuring media”
But it goes further than just the media, everyday usersGoogle Earth, ArcGIS Explorer, Google Maps, Bing, Mapquest, Car navigationTravel plansEveryone has a GPS, upload data into systemYou can track down your highschool friendsDirections go without saysGiven that Geo has hit mainstream, we as Geoweb pros have more to be concerned with now, outside of our traditional GIS roots. User expectations and Usability.
Given the top down standards, GIS people and technologists comfort level of change vs consumer oriented (fast, non complex) expectationsWe are faced with a cataclysmic collision Technologist building systems because they can vs what people really want in a systemGIS people building systems like a GIS vs how people will really use them (Google)Do we really need 50 layers and a TOC?This transitions our discussion into a characteristic of the Geoweb that is critical--Usability
From a distributed GIS perspective (Enterprise level): Citrix works just fine.If your audience is non-techiesDon’t need to rebuild an online GIS
Hide Complexity: Forester/trees, realitor/home, most don’t know or care about buffers, intersect, etc…When a roadway project manager asks for all structures near her project, without knowing it she really means,“Locate point features in the Structures layer that fall within 1 mile of the section of Route 6A between mile posts 12 and 25.”A GIS professional would know that getting this information requires an initial point selection, followed by a buffer, an intersection with a second layer (roads), followed by a buffer of the resulting road segment, followed by an intersection of the second buffer with the structures layer.Roadway manger doesn’t care about this.Eliminate layers: Difficult (base vs operational)Hide the details: Don’t necessarily need a individual user interface elements for every operation, buckets of data not neededProvide Feedback: Either passively our actively. Passively by not providing individual tools to complete a workflow. Relates to hiding complexity.Handle the null case: If the user does something, that yields no results, let the user knowIf a service is unavailable and the user tries to turn it on, let them know what is going on.Protect Users From Themselves:Validate immediately, dropdown with options, as typed datePerformance: FAST, FAST, FAST if not instant, let the use know that they are waiting, kind of related to provide feedback.
The rest of us=users of our applications in generalScientists/Engineers=content specialists, embracers of complexity80, 20 scenerio: 20% of requirements meet 80 percent of user expectations vs. 80 percent of requirements for only 20% users
So now the geekyness.We are going to be looking a geekyness all semesterOne good way of characterizing the state of the Geoweb with regard to geekyness is by discussing the formats of the Geoweb (we all know about formats)
Shapefiles:File format, proprietary but common, most packages can use, gov download,Miny database, not linkages, troubling standard shortfalls (12 char fields). File system basedMicroformats: Simple and aligned with well established standard: HTMLGeoRSS: Real Simple Syndication with geography embedded. Problem is RSS can be RDF, RSS, ATOM and 3 flavors of geo (simple, gml, w3c)KML: HTML of the web. Michael Jones at geoweb 2009: 250000 sites with kml with 500 million kml files with 2 billion placemarks, robust but comes from proprietary roots, often leading to vender specific abiguityGeoJSON: Javascript Object Notation: Serializing JS objects in text string with geo component, comes from JS api lineage (DOJO), nothing more than arbitrary collection of JS object, no formal schemaGML: Non abitrary xml schema for representing geographic resources. Very rich. Very complex. More times than not, only simple geographic constructs are neededService Standards (Interfaces): Communication specifications, means of invoking or making requests for the number of formats stated above.
Representing these formats using our previously defined Web2.0 Reference Architecture and using terminology that is more REST like
Any number of problems with these standardsSelf discription via mime-type: client needs to know what it is gettingFile size: Geographic data is notoriously large, imagine encoding 10,000 oil and gas wells as text and streaming it over the internetComplexity scope: Simplicity of format and specification for adoption sake but still needs complexity to meet needed requirementsGeoRSS being to simple, GML being too complex. Need some middle ground
Given our foundational disscussion related to web 2.0 patterns, lets look at these in action within the Geoweb.
SOA Implementation as it relates to the GeowebMore in a later unit but more or less, it is web services based on how the web really worksRepresentational State Transfer2000doctoral dissertation about the web written by Roy Fielding, one of the principal authors of the HTTP protocol specification, and has quickly passed into widespread use in the networking community No messaging or wrappers just HTTP goodness (Get, Post, Delete, Update)Grass Roots, Alternative to “Big Web Services”85% of Amazon’s web services users are REST users
SaaS and the Geoweb: Cloud Computing and GIS
Participation CollaborationMaduriindia – user generated data, not purchased, maybe show transition, goes with collaboration. Santiago Chile is another examples, data can’t be purchased. They call it collaborative base map.Whatever product you created can be better if users can participate.Users in Google maps can edit the location of things that are in the index
Mashup and AJAX
I hope I have given an nice spectrum of things to think about.One idea that seems to keep surfacing is a definite dichotomy.Technological perspective: Top-down vs bottom upIdeological Perspective: GIS and IT
OpenStreetMaps from 140,000 and growing contributors, we’ve seen the animations of 500 million KML points from Google
Related to the evolutionCould tie the current look of what the geoweb to Google Maps coming on the seen: embraced by IT industryPreviously: Distributed GIS: rooted in GIS
First introduce the notion of an ecosystem because that is the best way I can think to describe it. As we review concepts, characteristics, etc of the Geoweb, keep this definition in mind.Following on this theme, I am going to look at the Geoweb from an organic perspective, looking at what leaders in the community are saying about it,
Unit implies a discrete class, something that is definableBiotic Factors: Web 2.0 and us, users expectations, needs, requirements, participants of web 2.0 (collab, part pattern)Abiotic Factors: Relationships: All of these things
Semantics: What we do with the web:Integrate information, search, data mineTypically done in different contexts (cousel browsing, emergency response)Problem: Think of how ineffcient our use of the web isDo a search and you get a lot of information that isn’t relavent to what you asked forsearch for the term agentIntegration: When integrating data, say web services, still need human involvement, Ambiguity:Ambiguity handled by humansWhat we want:Machines or agents to help answer questionsRead scenerioHow do we do this:Provide context to terms so that machines understand How is this done, AI, folksonomies, etc…