Complication of local anesthesia Dr. suzan salem
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Local and Systemic complication of Local anesthesia
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Local anesthesia
This document provides information on local anesthesia. It defines local anesthesia and classifies local anesthetic agents into esters and amides. It describes the mechanism of action of local anesthetics in blocking nerve conduction and lists some commonly used local anesthetic agents like lidocaine, bupivacaine, and procaine. It also discusses vasoconstrictors that are often added to local anesthetics to prolong their duration of action and the composition, effects, administration and side effects of local anesthetic solutions.
General anaesthesia
This document provides information on general anesthesia, local anesthesia, and conscious sedation including:
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- The American Society of Anesthesiologists patient physical status classification system.
- The stages of general anesthesia according to Guedel and Gillespie.
- Common routes of administration for anesthesia including intravenous, inhalation, intramuscular, and oral.
- Common drugs used for intravenous and inhalation anesthesia like propofol, sevoflurane, and ketamine.
- Guidelines for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care when providing general anesthesia.
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Local anaesthesia involves blocking nerve transmission through injection of local anaesthetic drugs near nerve endings or trunks. The document discusses various local anaesthetics including esters like cocaine and procaine, and amides like lidocaine, bupivacaine and prilocaine. It describes how local anaesthetics work by inhibiting sodium channels and preventing nerve impulse conduction. The ideal properties, structures, mechanisms of action, and uses of different local anaesthetics are summarized.
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Local anesthesia
This document provides information on local anesthesia. It defines local anesthesia and classifies local anesthetic agents into esters and amides. It describes the mechanism of action of local anesthetics in blocking nerve conduction and lists some commonly used local anesthetic agents like lidocaine, bupivacaine, and procaine. It also discusses vasoconstrictors that are often added to local anesthetics to prolong their duration of action and the composition, effects, administration and side effects of local anesthetic solutions.
General anaesthesia
This document provides information on general anesthesia, local anesthesia, and conscious sedation including:
- The key differences between general anesthesia, local anesthesia, and conscious sedation.
- The American Society of Anesthesiologists patient physical status classification system.
- The stages of general anesthesia according to Guedel and Gillespie.
- Common routes of administration for anesthesia including intravenous, inhalation, intramuscular, and oral.
- Common drugs used for intravenous and inhalation anesthesia like propofol, sevoflurane, and ketamine.
- Guidelines for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care when providing general anesthesia.
An introduction to local anaesthesia in dentistry
An introduction to Local Anaesthetic contents, instruments, basic pharmacology and mechanism of action, methods of delivery and complications
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Transalveolar Extraction of tooth
This document provides information on transalveolar tooth extraction techniques. It defines transalveolar extraction as a technique where a mucoperiosteal flap is elevated and bone is removed to surgically extract a tooth or root. Conditions that require this approach include teeth with multiple roots, retained roots, a history of difficult extractions, or pathology. Contraindications and complications of transalveolar extraction are discussed. The steps of the procedure are outlined, including incision, flap reflection, bone removal, tooth sectioning and removal if needed, wound closure, and potential postoperative complications.
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Local anaesthesia involves blocking nerve transmission through injection of local anaesthetic drugs near nerve endings or trunks. The document discusses various local anaesthetics including esters like cocaine and procaine, and amides like lidocaine, bupivacaine and prilocaine. It describes how local anaesthetics work by inhibiting sodium channels and preventing nerve impulse conduction. The ideal properties, structures, mechanisms of action, and uses of different local anaesthetics are summarized.
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Tooth extraction is a common practice for the oral surgeons. As a post extraction complication, formation of a communication between oral cavity & maxillary sinus through the socket of alveolar bone during extraction of maxillary premolars & molars, which is known as oroantral fistula is also a common phenomenon. If it can’t be early diagnosed & treated, chronic sinusitis of maxillary sinus may occur which is a very painful condition of cranium.
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Local anesthetics work by blocking sodium channels in nerves, preventing impulse transmission and sensation. The document traces the history of local anesthetics from ancient use of coca leaves to modern drugs like lidocaine. It discusses the development of cocaine as the first local anesthetic and its replacement by safer amide-based drugs like procaine and lidocaine due to cocaine's high toxicity and potential for addiction. The mechanisms of action, factors affecting onset and duration, and properties of common dental anesthetics are also outlined.
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Local anesthetics work by blocking sodium channels in nerves, limiting the propagation of action potentials and producing loss of sensation in a specific area. Early local anesthetics like cocaine and procaine had limitations. Lidocaine, introduced in 1940, was a major breakthrough as the first modern local anesthetic due to its quick onset of action, duration of several hours, and minimal allergenicity. The two classes of local anesthetics are esters and amides; amides are preferable due to lower risk of allergic reactions. Factors like lipid solubility, pH, vasoconstrictors, and dosage levels affect the onset and duration of local anesthetics.
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This document provides an introduction to local anesthesia. It discusses that dentists, not doctors, were responsible for discovering anesthesia due to their motivation to alleviate pain from dental procedures. The first two people to introduce anesthesia were dentists - Horace Wells with nitrous oxide in 1844 and William Morton with ether. Local anesthesia works by preventing the generation and conduction of nerve impulses, setting up a chemical roadblock between the source of pain and the brain. The document then discusses the mechanism of action, factors affecting local anesthetics, and uses and contraindications of local anesthesia.
Local anaesthesia
Local anesthetics work by blocking sodium ion channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the rapid influx of sodium ions needed to generate nerve impulses. They bind preferentially to activated sodium channels, inhibiting nerve conduction and establishing a localized loss of sensation. The mechanism of action involves inhibiting nerve depolarization and propagation of impulses by reducing sodium ion influx, thereby preventing transmission of sensations like pain.
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This document provides information on various techniques for local anesthesia in dentistry. It discusses the mechanism of action, classifications, and maximum recommended doses of local anesthetics. It also describes in detail techniques for maxillary injections including inferior alveolar nerve block, Gow Gates, and Vazirani Akinosi techniques for mandibular anesthesia. Complications and contraindications of local anesthesia are mentioned.
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This document discusses oroantral communication (OAC), which is a connection between the oral cavity and maxillary sinus that can occur after maxillary molar surgery. Risk factors for OAC include anatomical features like proximity of tooth roots to the sinus. Small OACs under 2mm may heal on their own with proper blood clot formation and sinus precautions. Larger openings may require closure techniques like buccal advancement flaps or palatal pedicle flaps to prevent chronic oroantral fistula formation. Postoperative care includes antibiotics, oral rinses, and avoiding nose blowing or drinking through a straw to allow the opening to heal.
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The document discusses the pharmacology of local anesthesia, including the constituents of local anesthetic cartridges which contain a local anesthetic agent, vasoconstrictor, preservative, and vehicle. It describes the properties and mode of action of common local anesthetic drugs, which are classified as esters or amides, and how they are metabolized and excreted from the body. The document also compares the differences between ester and amide local anesthetics and lists some commonly used local anesthetic agents.Lasers in oral and maxillofacial surgery
1. Lasers are used in oral and maxillofacial surgery for excising both benign and malignant lesions with advantages over conventional surgery like more tissue preservation, less blood loss, and optional for further treatment.
2. The CO2 laser is commonly used as its wavelength is absorbed by water, providing hemostasis while limiting thermal damage. It allows precise excision of soft tissue lesions.
3. Proper laser safety equipment and protocols must be followed to prevent injury to patients and operators from beam reflection and potential fires from surgical drapes and airway tubes near the operative site.
Local anaesthetics Dr.Vrushali
The document provides an overview of local anesthetics. It defines local anesthesia as the loss of sensation in a circumscribed area caused by depression of nerve endings or inhibition of nerve conduction. Local anesthetics reversibly block action potentials in excitable membranes. They are classified based on their chemical structure and duration of action. Properties, composition, indications, contraindications and mechanisms of action are described. The calcium displacement theory and specific receptor theory are discussed in relation to the mechanism by which local anesthetics block nerve conduction.
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Local anesthesia complications can be divided into those associated with absorption of the anesthetic solution and those associated with needle insertion. Complications from solution absorption include toxicity from overdose, idiosyncrasy from abnormal reactions, allergy, and anaphylaxis. Toxicity symptoms involve early CNS stimulation and late CNS depression that can lead to respiratory depression and death if not treated. Prevention focuses on careful patient evaluation, using minimum effective doses, and monitoring after injection. Needle insertion complications involve issues like fainting, infection, and nerve injury.
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This document discusses the anatomy and pathology of the maxillary sinus and oroantral communications. It describes the location and drainage of the maxillary sinus and causes of sinusitis. Oroantral communications are defined as pathological connections between the oral cavity and maxillary sinus that can form due to dental procedures or trauma. Signs, testing methods, prevention, and management strategies are outlined for both acute communications and oroantral fistulas. Surgical techniques for repair include local soft tissue flaps, grafts, and use of the buccal fat pad flap. Immediate closure of communications less than 3 weeks old has a high success rate, while delayed or recurrent fistulas require surgical intervention.
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Tooth extraction is a common practice for the oral surgeons. As a post extraction complication, formation of a communication between oral cavity & maxillary sinus through the socket of alveolar bone during extraction of maxillary premolars & molars, which is known as oroantral fistula is also a common phenomenon. If it can’t be early diagnosed & treated, chronic sinusitis of maxillary sinus may occur which is a very painful condition of cranium.
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Local anesthetics work by blocking sodium channels in nerves, preventing impulse transmission and sensation. The document traces the history of local anesthetics from ancient use of coca leaves to modern drugs like lidocaine. It discusses the development of cocaine as the first local anesthetic and its replacement by safer amide-based drugs like procaine and lidocaine due to cocaine's high toxicity and potential for addiction. The mechanisms of action, factors affecting onset and duration, and properties of common dental anesthetics are also outlined.
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Local anesthetics work by blocking sodium channels in nerves, limiting the propagation of action potentials and producing loss of sensation in a specific area. Early local anesthetics like cocaine and procaine had limitations. Lidocaine, introduced in 1940, was a major breakthrough as the first modern local anesthetic due to its quick onset of action, duration of several hours, and minimal allergenicity. The two classes of local anesthetics are esters and amides; amides are preferable due to lower risk of allergic reactions. Factors like lipid solubility, pH, vasoconstrictors, and dosage levels affect the onset and duration of local anesthetics.
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This document provides an introduction to local anesthesia. It discusses that dentists, not doctors, were responsible for discovering anesthesia due to their motivation to alleviate pain from dental procedures. The first two people to introduce anesthesia were dentists - Horace Wells with nitrous oxide in 1844 and William Morton with ether. Local anesthesia works by preventing the generation and conduction of nerve impulses, setting up a chemical roadblock between the source of pain and the brain. The document then discusses the mechanism of action, factors affecting local anesthetics, and uses and contraindications of local anesthesia.
Local anaesthesia
Local anesthetics work by blocking sodium ion channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the rapid influx of sodium ions needed to generate nerve impulses. They bind preferentially to activated sodium channels, inhibiting nerve conduction and establishing a localized loss of sensation. The mechanism of action involves inhibiting nerve depolarization and propagation of impulses by reducing sodium ion influx, thereby preventing transmission of sensations like pain.
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This document provides information on various techniques for local anesthesia in dentistry. It discusses the mechanism of action, classifications, and maximum recommended doses of local anesthetics. It also describes in detail techniques for maxillary injections including inferior alveolar nerve block, Gow Gates, and Vazirani Akinosi techniques for mandibular anesthesia. Complications and contraindications of local anesthesia are mentioned.
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A powerpoint presentation with details on the current state of local anaesthetics available for Dentistry in the UK.
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This document discusses middle third facial fractures, including their causes, characteristics, classifications, signs and symptoms, investigations, and radiographic evaluation. It covers fractures of the dentoalveolar region, zygomatic complex, orbital floor, nasal complex, and LeFort types I, II, and III. Key signs include ecchymosis, edema, step deformities, enophthalmos, diplopia, malocclusion, and nasal deformities. Investigations involve forced duction testing, imaging like occipitomental and submentovertex views to evaluate fracture patterns and displacement.
Oroantral fistula
This document discusses oroantral communication (OAC), which is a connection between the oral cavity and maxillary sinus that can occur after maxillary molar surgery. Risk factors for OAC include anatomical features like proximity of tooth roots to the sinus. Small OACs under 2mm may heal on their own with proper blood clot formation and sinus precautions. Larger openings may require closure techniques like buccal advancement flaps or palatal pedicle flaps to prevent chronic oroantral fistula formation. Postoperative care includes antibiotics, oral rinses, and avoiding nose blowing or drinking through a straw to allow the opening to heal.
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Here I present to you the basic concept and definition of endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. It is presented to the level of mind of undergraduate students.
Contents of the dental carpule - Pharmacology of local anesthesia
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The document discusses the pharmacology of local anesthesia, including the constituents of local anesthetic cartridges which contain a local anesthetic agent, vasoconstrictor, preservative, and vehicle. It describes the properties and mode of action of common local anesthetic drugs, which are classified as esters or amides, and how they are metabolized and excreted from the body. The document also compares the differences between ester and amide local anesthetics and lists some commonly used local anesthetic agents.Lasers in oral and maxillofacial surgery
1. Lasers are used in oral and maxillofacial surgery for excising both benign and malignant lesions with advantages over conventional surgery like more tissue preservation, less blood loss, and optional for further treatment.
2. The CO2 laser is commonly used as its wavelength is absorbed by water, providing hemostasis while limiting thermal damage. It allows precise excision of soft tissue lesions.
3. Proper laser safety equipment and protocols must be followed to prevent injury to patients and operators from beam reflection and potential fires from surgical drapes and airway tubes near the operative site.
Local anaesthetics Dr.Vrushali
The document provides an overview of local anesthetics. It defines local anesthesia as the loss of sensation in a circumscribed area caused by depression of nerve endings or inhibition of nerve conduction. Local anesthetics reversibly block action potentials in excitable membranes. They are classified based on their chemical structure and duration of action. Properties, composition, indications, contraindications and mechanisms of action are described. The calcium displacement theory and specific receptor theory are discussed in relation to the mechanism by which local anesthetics block nerve conduction.
Osteomyelitis and osteoradionecrosis of jaws
This document provides information about osteomyelitis and osteoradionecrosis of the jaws. It defines osteomyelitis as an inflammatory condition of bone that begins as an infection of the medullary cavity. Predisposing factors include fractures, radiation damage, and systemic diseases. Acute osteomyelitis is characterized by pain, fever, and identifiable cause, while chronic osteomyelitis involves fistulas and induration. Imaging techniques include radiography and scintigraphy. Treatment involves antibiotics, sequestrectomy, decortication, and reconstruction. Infantile osteomyelitis usually involves the maxilla and is treated with drainage and antibiotics.
Complications of local anesthesia
Local anesthesia complications can be divided into those associated with absorption of the anesthetic solution and those associated with needle insertion. Complications from solution absorption include toxicity from overdose, idiosyncrasy from abnormal reactions, allergy, and anaphylaxis. Toxicity symptoms involve early CNS stimulation and late CNS depression that can lead to respiratory depression and death if not treated. Prevention focuses on careful patient evaluation, using minimum effective doses, and monitoring after injection. Needle insertion complications involve issues like fainting, infection, and nerve injury.
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