This document summarizes a study on the competitiveness of Indonesia's export commodities in the plantation sub-sector among ASEAN countries from 2011-2014. It analyzes 15 commodities using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Comparative Export Performance (CEP) indicators. The results found that 9 commodities had an RCA over 1, indicating competitiveness in ASEAN, including potatoes, sweet potatoes, cashew nuts, coffee, turmeric, dried coconuts, palm oil, cacao seeds, and tobacco. 8 commodities had a CEP over 1, suggesting they could become special export commodities, such as sweet potatoes, cashew nuts, coffee, pepper, dried cocon
This document provides information about Orchid Export company's business plan to export cut Dendrobium orchids to India. It includes an industry overview of Thailand's position as the world's top exporter of tropical orchids. The company profile and production details are presented. Market analyses include evaluating opportunities in India, competitive advantages, Diamond model, and SWOT analysis. The business plan then covers logistics, supply chain, marketing strategies and risks. The goal is to launch new colored and dyed Dendrobium orchid products in India to meet growing demand and take advantage of Thailand's competitive strengths in the orchid industry.
This document provides an overview of exporting sugar from Thailand to China. It begins with background on global sugar production and consumption, and the top sugar exporting countries. It then discusses the opportunity for Thailand's sugar industry given China's large consumption and production that lags behind demand. The document performs a five forces analysis on the sugar market. It identifies China as a target market and discusses its consumption, production, imports and trade policies. It also evaluates distribution channels in China and provides details on costs, pricing strategies and other considerations for exporting sugar to China.
The packaging industry in India is growing at 14-15% annually and is expected to double in growth over the next two years. It serves the Indian economy by preserving quality and extending shelf life for many products. Increased competition and export demand have increased needs for appropriate and cost-effective packaging. The industry has become more specialized in terms of health and environmental standards. Major segments include food, pharmaceuticals, and plastics packaging, which are driving growth. However, only 2% of India's processed food is packaged compared to 70% in western nations, indicating significant growth potential. While domestic production has increased, India also imports packaging machinery, especially high-end machinery, presenting opportunities for foreign suppliers.
Crude palm oil is one of the mainstays of Indonesia's exports. In the midst of
intense competition with vegetable oil producing countries in the world, Indonesia
must have international competitiveness which is strongly supported by the technology
in order to achieve a sustained competitive advantage. The major purpose of this
paper is to examine the direct effect of technological resources to international
competitiveness and sustained competitive advantage as well as measure the
mediating effect of international competitiveness in the relationship between
technological resources and sustained competitive advantage. For these purposes, an
empirical survey was conducted with the active participation of 82 palm oil industries
in Indonesia. In addition to the survey, in-depth interviews were conducted to follow
up the quantitative results. On the basis of path analysis with SmartPLS, technology
resources had positive and significant effect to sustained competitive advantage. This
study suggests the importance of technological resources in achieving sustained
competitive advantage on the part of palm oil industries in developing countries
Ran No Tenshi (Angel Orchid) Presentation
An assignment submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of 1210322 International Logistics and Supply Chain Management course,
First semester, 2015,
Mae Fah Luang University
Small business exports from india a look into the leather footwear industry ...Sajeev Keswani
The document discusses India's leather footwear industry, which is a major export industry for the country. It is the largest segment of the leather industry. India exports over 50% of its leather footwear production, mainly to Europe, UK, USA, Australia, and Africa. The industry employs around 2.5 million people directly and indirectly. The government supports the industry through policies like tax benefits, import duty waivers, and export promotion programs. While the industry has opportunities to grow further, it faces threats such as lack of organization and difficulties obtaining financing.
A Feasibility Study on Potential marketing of Creations Economic Added Value ...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT : The objective of this research was to explore and evaluate the potential marketing for economic added value of Palmyra palm’s products, in the Phetchaburi province. The method of financial and economic analysis is used for the study. The Result showed that the economic added value of combined production of Palmyra sugarcake with Palmyra fruit jelly seed gained the highest net present value (NPV) at 3,226,369. Baht, whereas the highest financial return was for Palmyra sugarcake alone, whose Internal Rate of Return (IRR) was the highest at 28.50% . This shown that the Palmyra’ product is feasibility on potential marketing. It should be providing a skilled workforce and transferring tacit knowledge and management information on production to the new generation, including additional Palmyra cultivation in those areas which were detrimental.
Projects on Edible Oil Industry
(Non-Edible Oils, Fats, Vegetable Fats and Oils, Corn Oil, Cooking Oils, Rice Bran Oil, Castor Oil, Sesame Oil, Linseed Oil, Vanaspati Ghee, Mahuwa Oil, Turkey Red Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Coconut Oil from Copra, Black Pepper Oil, Edible Corn Oil, Light Liquid Paraffin Oil, Neem Oil, Chili Oil, Olive Oil)
Edible oils are most often plant-based oils, which are similar, if not the same as those produced by the industrial biotech industry for use as biofuels such as biodiesel, for use in cosmetics, and in other everyday biotech products. Edible oils may be solid or liquid at room temperature.
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Edible Oil Production, Small Scale Processing of Edible Oils, Edible Oil Processing, Edible Oil Manufacturing Process, Edible Oil Processing Plant, Processing Edible Oils, Edible Oil Industry, Setting Up and Running Small-Scale Edible Oil Industry, Edible Oil Production and Edible Oil Process, Edible Oils Processing Equipment, Oil Processing Plant, Process Line of Edible Oil, Edible Oil Manufacturing, Production of Edible Oil, Profitable Edible Oil Manufacturing Business Ideas, Edible Oil Production, Edible Oil Production, Edible Oil Production Line, Edible Oil Production Project Report, Edible Oil Extraction, Edible Oil Manufacturing Unit, Edible Oil Production Business Plan, Methods for Extraction Of Edible Oil, Edible Oil Extraction, Extracting of Oil From Seed, Non-Edible Vegetable Oils, Production of Non-Edible Oil, Vegetable Oil Processing, Processing and Refining Edible Oils, Vegetable Oil Manufacturing, Mahua Oil, Mahua Oil Manufacture, Processing of Mahuwa Oil, Mahuwa Oil Processing, Manufacturing Process of Mahua Oil, Mahuwa Oil Production Plant, Business Plan for Manufacturing Mahuwa Oil, Extraction of Mahua Oil, Castor Oil & Its Derivatives, Project Report on Castor Oil and Its Derivatives, Castor Derivatives, Castor Oil Derivatives Plant, Production of Castor Oil, Castor Oil Plant, Castor Oil Processing Plant, Castor Oil Extraction, Castor Oil Processing, Castor Oil Manufacturing Plant, Method of Extracting Castor Oil, Preparation of Turkey Red Oil, Process of Manufacturing Turkey Red Oil, Process of Manufacturing Turkey Red Oil, Turkey Red Oil, Turkey Red Oil Manufacturing Plant, Turkey Red Oil Manufacturing Process, Production of Turkey Red Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Eucalyptus Oil Manufacturing Plant, Profile On Eucalyptus Oil, Eucalyptus Oil Extraction
This document provides information about Orchid Export company's business plan to export cut Dendrobium orchids to India. It includes an industry overview of Thailand's position as the world's top exporter of tropical orchids. The company profile and production details are presented. Market analyses include evaluating opportunities in India, competitive advantages, Diamond model, and SWOT analysis. The business plan then covers logistics, supply chain, marketing strategies and risks. The goal is to launch new colored and dyed Dendrobium orchid products in India to meet growing demand and take advantage of Thailand's competitive strengths in the orchid industry.
This document provides an overview of exporting sugar from Thailand to China. It begins with background on global sugar production and consumption, and the top sugar exporting countries. It then discusses the opportunity for Thailand's sugar industry given China's large consumption and production that lags behind demand. The document performs a five forces analysis on the sugar market. It identifies China as a target market and discusses its consumption, production, imports and trade policies. It also evaluates distribution channels in China and provides details on costs, pricing strategies and other considerations for exporting sugar to China.
The packaging industry in India is growing at 14-15% annually and is expected to double in growth over the next two years. It serves the Indian economy by preserving quality and extending shelf life for many products. Increased competition and export demand have increased needs for appropriate and cost-effective packaging. The industry has become more specialized in terms of health and environmental standards. Major segments include food, pharmaceuticals, and plastics packaging, which are driving growth. However, only 2% of India's processed food is packaged compared to 70% in western nations, indicating significant growth potential. While domestic production has increased, India also imports packaging machinery, especially high-end machinery, presenting opportunities for foreign suppliers.
Crude palm oil is one of the mainstays of Indonesia's exports. In the midst of
intense competition with vegetable oil producing countries in the world, Indonesia
must have international competitiveness which is strongly supported by the technology
in order to achieve a sustained competitive advantage. The major purpose of this
paper is to examine the direct effect of technological resources to international
competitiveness and sustained competitive advantage as well as measure the
mediating effect of international competitiveness in the relationship between
technological resources and sustained competitive advantage. For these purposes, an
empirical survey was conducted with the active participation of 82 palm oil industries
in Indonesia. In addition to the survey, in-depth interviews were conducted to follow
up the quantitative results. On the basis of path analysis with SmartPLS, technology
resources had positive and significant effect to sustained competitive advantage. This
study suggests the importance of technological resources in achieving sustained
competitive advantage on the part of palm oil industries in developing countries
Ran No Tenshi (Angel Orchid) Presentation
An assignment submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of 1210322 International Logistics and Supply Chain Management course,
First semester, 2015,
Mae Fah Luang University
Small business exports from india a look into the leather footwear industry ...Sajeev Keswani
The document discusses India's leather footwear industry, which is a major export industry for the country. It is the largest segment of the leather industry. India exports over 50% of its leather footwear production, mainly to Europe, UK, USA, Australia, and Africa. The industry employs around 2.5 million people directly and indirectly. The government supports the industry through policies like tax benefits, import duty waivers, and export promotion programs. While the industry has opportunities to grow further, it faces threats such as lack of organization and difficulties obtaining financing.
A Feasibility Study on Potential marketing of Creations Economic Added Value ...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT : The objective of this research was to explore and evaluate the potential marketing for economic added value of Palmyra palm’s products, in the Phetchaburi province. The method of financial and economic analysis is used for the study. The Result showed that the economic added value of combined production of Palmyra sugarcake with Palmyra fruit jelly seed gained the highest net present value (NPV) at 3,226,369. Baht, whereas the highest financial return was for Palmyra sugarcake alone, whose Internal Rate of Return (IRR) was the highest at 28.50% . This shown that the Palmyra’ product is feasibility on potential marketing. It should be providing a skilled workforce and transferring tacit knowledge and management information on production to the new generation, including additional Palmyra cultivation in those areas which were detrimental.
Projects on Edible Oil Industry
(Non-Edible Oils, Fats, Vegetable Fats and Oils, Corn Oil, Cooking Oils, Rice Bran Oil, Castor Oil, Sesame Oil, Linseed Oil, Vanaspati Ghee, Mahuwa Oil, Turkey Red Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Coconut Oil from Copra, Black Pepper Oil, Edible Corn Oil, Light Liquid Paraffin Oil, Neem Oil, Chili Oil, Olive Oil)
Edible oils are most often plant-based oils, which are similar, if not the same as those produced by the industrial biotech industry for use as biofuels such as biodiesel, for use in cosmetics, and in other everyday biotech products. Edible oils may be solid or liquid at room temperature.
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https://goo.gl/QYS7W7
https://goo.gl/Ani6gD
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Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Edible Oil Production, Small Scale Processing of Edible Oils, Edible Oil Processing, Edible Oil Manufacturing Process, Edible Oil Processing Plant, Processing Edible Oils, Edible Oil Industry, Setting Up and Running Small-Scale Edible Oil Industry, Edible Oil Production and Edible Oil Process, Edible Oils Processing Equipment, Oil Processing Plant, Process Line of Edible Oil, Edible Oil Manufacturing, Production of Edible Oil, Profitable Edible Oil Manufacturing Business Ideas, Edible Oil Production, Edible Oil Production, Edible Oil Production Line, Edible Oil Production Project Report, Edible Oil Extraction, Edible Oil Manufacturing Unit, Edible Oil Production Business Plan, Methods for Extraction Of Edible Oil, Edible Oil Extraction, Extracting of Oil From Seed, Non-Edible Vegetable Oils, Production of Non-Edible Oil, Vegetable Oil Processing, Processing and Refining Edible Oils, Vegetable Oil Manufacturing, Mahua Oil, Mahua Oil Manufacture, Processing of Mahuwa Oil, Mahuwa Oil Processing, Manufacturing Process of Mahua Oil, Mahuwa Oil Production Plant, Business Plan for Manufacturing Mahuwa Oil, Extraction of Mahua Oil, Castor Oil & Its Derivatives, Project Report on Castor Oil and Its Derivatives, Castor Derivatives, Castor Oil Derivatives Plant, Production of Castor Oil, Castor Oil Plant, Castor Oil Processing Plant, Castor Oil Extraction, Castor Oil Processing, Castor Oil Manufacturing Plant, Method of Extracting Castor Oil, Preparation of Turkey Red Oil, Process of Manufacturing Turkey Red Oil, Process of Manufacturing Turkey Red Oil, Turkey Red Oil, Turkey Red Oil Manufacturing Plant, Turkey Red Oil Manufacturing Process, Production of Turkey Red Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Eucalyptus Oil Manufacturing Plant, Profile On Eucalyptus Oil, Eucalyptus Oil Extraction
Market Research Report : Ice cream market in india 2015 - SampleNetscribes, Inc.
For the complete report, get in touch with us at: info@netscribes.com
Abstract :
Netscribes’ latest market research report titled Ice Cream Market in India 2015 highlights the competitive market scenario of the Indian Ice cream market and its growth prospects in the ensuing years. Increasing urbanization and increasing out-of-home food consumption, coupled with the ever-increasing food varieties available in the markets closer to home, are some of the reasons fuelling the ice cream segment. Players in the industry are launching regular and premium brands to tap this potential and growing demand. Global brands are scaling up their presence in the Indian ice cream market. The organized sector dominates the Indian ice cream market share. Interestingly its market penetration has been limited only to the metro and major cities there by creating opportunities for the sector to penetrate into the rural areas.
The absence of consistent power supply has been a major hindrance to market penetration in several states, including Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Delhi. However, India has a low per capita consumption of ice cream which is creating opportunities for players to capitalize upon. The key trends in the market include increasing number of exclusive ice cream outlets, introduction of new variants, growth of premium ice cream and entry of international brands.
Table of Contents :
Slide 1: Executive Summary
Macroeconomic Indicators
Slide 2: GDP at Factor Cost: Quarterly (2011-2012, 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15), Inflation Rate: Monthly (Jul-Aug 2013 – Nov-Dec 2013)
Slide 3: Gross Fiscal Deficit: Monthly (Feb 2013 – Jul 2013), Exchange Rate: Half Yearly (Apr 2014 – Sep 2014)
Slide 4: Lending Rate: Annual (2011-2012, 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15), Trade Balance: Annual (2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14), FDI: Annual (2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13)
Introduction
Slide 5-6: Ice Cream – Introduction
Market Overview
Slide 7-9: Indian Ice Cream Market – Overview
Market Segmentation
Slide 10: Indian Ice Cream Market – Segmentation
Manufacturing Process
Slide 11-12: Indian Ice Cream Market – Manufacturing Process
Distribution Channel
Slide 13: Distribution Channel – Summary
Slide 14-17: Distribution Channel
Value Chain Analysis
Slide 18: Ice Cream – Value Chain Analysis
EXIM
Slide 19: Export and Import of ice cream (2011-2012 – 2014-2015 [Apr-Nov],
Slide 20: Major Exporting Nations – Value-Wise (2014), Major Importing Nations – Value-Wise (2014)
Drivers & Challenges
Slide 21: Drivers and Challenges – Summary
Slide 22-27: Drivers
Slide 28-29: Challenges
Trends
Slide 30: Trends – Summary
Slide 31-34: Key Trends
Government Regulations and Policies
Slide 35: Government Regulations and Policies – Summary
Slide 36-38: Government Regulations and Policies
Competitive Landscape
Slide 39: Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
Slide 40: Competitive Benchmarking, Public Trading Compa
The document summarizes the ice cream market in India. It discusses key trends like large-scale advertising by major brands, product diversification to target segments, and partnerships to boost distribution. The organized sector faces competition from lower priced, lower quality unorganized players. While consumption is growing, per capita consumption remains low at 200-250ml compared to other countries. Developing the cold chain and increasing consumption levels offers opportunities for market expansion.
Presented at World Conference Cold chain - Thaifex 2013. Opportunity and Challenges in emerging markets, case study India. Cold chain development, the need and the success in hand. Market prospects for cold chain in emerging markets with focus on India.
Agriculture Storage and Warehousing with Cold StorageAjjay Kumar Gupta
Agriculture Storage and Warehousing with Cold Storage- India Set to see Rs. 45,000 Crores Investments in Warehousing by 2020
A warehouse describes a facility serving the purpose of storing goods. In ecommerce, warehouses are mainly used to keep items on stock to make sure the short delivery times needed can be fulfilled. Agriculture, which is the backbone of Indian economy contributes to the overall economic growth of the country and determines the standard of life for more than 50% of the Indian population. India holds the second largest agricultural land in the world with approximately 179.9 million hectares under cultivation. The country has emerged as a major player in agriculture in the global scenario.
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Market Research Report : Ice Cream Market in India 2012Netscribes, Inc.
For the complete report, get in touch with us at : info@netscribes.com
India is considered to be the largest milk producer across the globe and accounts for one-fifth of the total global milk production. It constitutes of different sub segments of which ice cream has seen strong growth in the market. The Indian ice cream sector is a competitive market with strong competition from the unorganized sector. At a time when input prices are rising and branded players are forced to increase prices of their products, unorganized or local players indulge in low quality ingredients and offer products at cheaper prices. However, the sector is still on a growth path as constant innovation presents products catering to the varied needs of customers. Due to the developing distribution network leading to wider availability of products coupled with increase in disposable income among consumers; the sector braces for further growth.
The report begins with an overview of the dairy industry in India providing the market size and growth as well as information regarding its consumption pattern and market structure. This is followed by a primary segmentation of the industry wherein a product mix is highlighted. An overview of the ice cream market provides an introduction to the sector and covers the market size and growth in India along with a representation of the market share of key players in the sector. The manufacturing process as well as a description of the key processes has been covered. An analysis of the value chain has been included which is followed by a snapshot of the various distribution channels players opt for in the ice cream market. An EXIM trend over a period of four years is included which precedes a Porter’s Five Forces analysis that concludes the section. The next section highlights the segmentation in the ice cream market and all three primary segments namely impulse segment, take home segment and artisanal segment have been discussed.
An analysis of the drivers explains the factors for growth of the market and includes lucrative nature of business, rise of buyers in impulse segment, strengthening of distribution network, increase of disposable income and low per capita consumption of ice creams. Ice creams contain air in a substantial amount sometimes even up to 50% which makes the business a very profitable venture wherein profits margins are extremely high at certain times. The lucrative nature of this business has created strong opportunities in the market Ice creams can be ramified into impulse, take home and artisanal segments. Of these, impulse segment entails highest sales volumes as featured products are small in size, relatively cheaper and can be consumed at a go. Availability of impulse products has increased as push carts are present across cities and towns and affordability has contributed to further growth in such buyers.
Branded chocolate market in india 2017 - Research on IndiaNetscribes, Inc.
The branded chocolate market in India is projected to grow at a CAGR of 17.2% to reach INR x bn by 2022, up from INR x bn in 2014. Key drivers of growth include the tradition of gifting chocolates, rising disposable incomes, and shifts in consumer preferences towards branded chocolates. Major players like Mondelez, Nestle and Ferrero dominate the market, while trends like demand for healthy and premium variants are gaining traction. The industry remains positive due to the confectionery market's expansion and India's growing gifting culture.
Branded chocolate market in india 2017 - Research On IndiaNetscribes, Inc.
The branded chocolate market in India is projected to grow at a CAGR of 17.2% to reach INR x bn by 2022, up from INR x bn in 2014. Key drivers of growth include the tradition of gifting chocolates, rising disposable incomes, and shifts in consumer preferences towards premium brands. Major players like Mondelez, Nestle and Ferrero dominate the market, though demand is growing for healthier options and niche brands. The outlook for the industry remains positive due to strong growth in the confectionery market and India's rising affluence.
This document provides an analysis of the sugar industry and marketing strategies of Daurala Sugar Works, a unit of DCM Shriram Group located in Daurala, Uttar Pradesh, India. It begins with an executive summary that outlines the purpose and scope of the study. It then discusses the sugar industry in India, providing statistics on production levels and the key role of the industry. An introduction to Daurala Sugar Works is given. The document analyzes the competitive landscape of the sugar industry using Porter's Five Forces model. It also discusses the cyclical nature of the sugar industry and Daurala Sugar Works' marketing strategies. The conclusion provides a future outlook and recommendations.
LEATHER INDUSTRY.. ITS ALL ABOUT BRAND WARS... Survival of the UNIQUE..Abhishek Bajaj
The PPT deals about the marketing strategy of three leading Brands in the world of leather.. the war of brands between COACH, LOUIS VUITTON AND HERMES...
The document provides an overview of the Indian dairy industry with a focus on probiotic products and milk ice creams. It notes that India is one of the fastest growing markets for milk and milk products, with the organized market growing at nearly 10% annually. There is increasing demand for value-added products like probiotic drinks, yogurt, ice cream etc. The document reviews the major players and products in the probiotic drinks, yogurt, and ice cream categories. It provides details on concepts, pricing, distribution and communication strategies of brands like Amul, Mother Dairy, Nestle, and Kwality Walls.
- This document discusses a webinar being hosted by Aurum Equity Partners LLP on June 27th, 2014 about private equity and foreign investments in the Indian dairy industry.
- It provides an overview of the speakers for the webinar - Nitin Jain and Dr. R.S. Khanna from Aurum Equity Partners and introduces their backgrounds and areas of expertise related to the dairy industry.
- A disclaimer is also included stating that the information provided is for internal use only and does not constitute an offer to sell securities or assets.
Fine Chemicals(Acetazolamide, Acyclovir, Albendazole, 7-Aminocephalosporanic Acid, Amitriptyline, Ampicillin, Amoxycillin, Amiodarone, Berberine, Carbamazepine, Dhea, Fluoxetin, Hydrocortisone, Isosorbide Mononitrate, Lomefloxacin, Mdma, Penicilling, Ritonavir, Saquinavir, Taxol, Vindesine)
Fine chemicals are complex, single, pure chemical substances, produced in limited quantities in multipurpose plants by multistep batch chemical or biotechnological processes. They are described by exacting specifications, used for further processing within the chemical industry and sold for more than $10/kg (see the comparison of fine chemicals, commodities and specialties). The class of fine chemicals is subdivided either on the basis of the added value (building blocks, advanced intermediates or active ingredients), or the type of business transaction, namely standard or exclusive products.
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Fine Chemicals, Acetazolamide, Synonyms of Acetazolamide Acyclovir, Albendazole, 7-Aminocephalosporanic Acid, 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid, Molecular Weight of Amitriptyline, Ampicillin, Amoxycillin, Amiodarone, Amlodipine, Amiloride, Aminophylline, Apomorphine Hydrochloride, L-Arginine, Arecoline, Aspirin, Atenolol, Azithromycin, Azt, Bacitracin, Berberine, Betamethasone, Synonyms of Benzothiazide, Caffeine, Captopril, Carbidopa, Molecular Weight of Capsaicin, Carbamazepine, Carboplatin, L-Carnitine, Cefaclor, Cefazoline, Cefotaxime, Ceftizoxime, Cefuroxime, Cetirizine, Cephalexin, Clotrimazole, Cloxacillin, Molecular Weight of Chitosan, Chlordiazepoxide, Chloroquine, Chlorpromazine, Molecular Weight of Chloropropamide, Chloramphenicol, Chlorohexidine, Synonyms of Chondroitin Sulfate, Chromium Picolinate, Cinnarizine, Cimetidine, Cisplatin, Clidinium Bromide, Cocaine, Colchicine, Creatine, Molecular Weight of Cyclandelate, Molecular Formula of Cyproheptadine, Danazol, Delavirdine, Molecular Weight of Dexamethasone, Synonyms of Dextropropoxyphene, Dextromethorphan, Dexedrine, Diazepam, Dhea, Synonyms of Diclofenac, Dideoxycytidine, Dideoxyinosine, Diethylcarbamazine, Digoxin, Diltiazem, Doxycycline, Enalapril, Emetine, Erythromycin, Ethambutol, Molecular Formula of Etidronic Acid, Synonyms of Famotidine, Flurazepam, Fluconazole, Fluoxetin, Molecular Weight of Fluocinolone Acetonide, Frusemide, Furazolidone, Synonyms of Gentamicin, Glucosamine, Glybenzcyclamide, Griseofulvin, Heparin, Hydrocortisone, Hydrochlorothiazide, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, Ibuprofen, Synonyms of Indinavir, Isosorbide Mononitrate, Isoxsuprine, Isoniazid, Insulin,
The document provides an overview of the Indian footwear industry. It discusses that India is the second largest global producer of footwear after China. The industry is dominated by the unorganized sector but the organized sector is growing rapidly. Major production centers are located in various states like Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Punjab. The market is segmented into casual, mass, premium, and sports footwear. Key players in the industry include Bata, Liberty, Adidas, and Reebok. The future outlook remains positive with growing demand and opportunities in the women's segment.
Business Ideas and Investment Opportunities in Cold Storage Plant. Scope in R...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Business Ideas and Investment Opportunities in Cold Storage Plant. Scope in Refrigerated Storage and Warehousing Industry.
Perishable food items and other perishables are cooled, frozen, and preserved in this installation. A large cold-storage facility with truck and railroad platforms, compressor and condenser rooms for a refrigerating system, a cooling tower, reservoirs and a pumping station for a circulating water source, administration and residential buildings, and other buildings and facilities make up an independent company.
For More Details: https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profile/2418/india-emerging-business-opportunities-cold-chain-sector-why-invest-project-potential-core-financials-market-size-industry-analysis.html
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Leather Footwear in context of BangladeshRifat Touhid
This document discusses leather (footwear) exports from Bangladesh. It provides information on the types of leather footwear that can be exported, including shoes, sandals, slippers, hiking/walking boots, and sports boots. It also lists some of the major import countries for Bangladeshi leather footwear like the United Arab Emirates, Italy, and Belgium. The document outlines the procedure for obtaining an Export Registration Certificate to export leather footwear. It discusses some of the key documents needed for customs clearance like certificates from the Animal Quarantine Office, export licenses, proforma invoices, letters of credit, and bills of lading. In the end, it presents data on the contribution of leather footwear exports to Bangladesh's
Market Research Report : Footwear market in india 2014 - SampleNetscribes, Inc.
The document provides an overview of the footwear market in India. It notes that the Indian footwear market is the second largest in the world and is growing at a CAGR of r2%. Sports footwear dominates the Indian market. The key drivers of the market include increasing disposable income and changing consumer lifestyles. The main challenges are competition from unorganized players and issues of affordability. The government is taking steps like FDI in retail and implementing GST to further develop the market.
Indian footwear retail market forecast to 2017IBNARESEARCH
This document provides a summary and table of contents for the report "Indian Footwear Retail Market Forecast to 2017". The 194-page report contains detailed statistics and analysis of the Indian footwear retail market segmented into men's, women's, and kid's footwear. It provides past and present market size and growth data from 2007-2012 for each segment, and forecasts the market outlook from 2013-2017. The report also analyzes consumer behavior, market share by major players, distribution networks, and other aspects of the Indian footwear retail industry.
The Indian leather industry has grown significantly over the past decades to become a major foreign exchange earner and employer. Exports have increased from $320 million in 1965-66 to $69.5 billion in 1996-97. The industry has transformed from exporting raw materials to value-added finished products. It employs around 2 million workers across sectors like tanning, footwear, and leather goods. Major production centers are located in cities across India like Chennai, Kanpur, Delhi and Kolkata.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document provides information on India's agricultural sector, with a focus on crops with export potential. It discusses:
- Agriculture's importance to India's economy and employment.
- India's diverse climate and soil types allow for varied crop production.
- Mango is India's most important fruit, with India the world's largest mango producer. However, India lags in agricultural productivity and export competitiveness compared to other countries.
- The study profiles 16 crops including various fruits, vegetables, spices and commercial crops to understand their export potential based on production, demand, and market requirements. It aims to build industry capacity and establish an online database to promote Indian agricultural exports.
Market Research Report : Ice cream market in india 2015 - SampleNetscribes, Inc.
For the complete report, get in touch with us at: info@netscribes.com
Abstract :
Netscribes’ latest market research report titled Ice Cream Market in India 2015 highlights the competitive market scenario of the Indian Ice cream market and its growth prospects in the ensuing years. Increasing urbanization and increasing out-of-home food consumption, coupled with the ever-increasing food varieties available in the markets closer to home, are some of the reasons fuelling the ice cream segment. Players in the industry are launching regular and premium brands to tap this potential and growing demand. Global brands are scaling up their presence in the Indian ice cream market. The organized sector dominates the Indian ice cream market share. Interestingly its market penetration has been limited only to the metro and major cities there by creating opportunities for the sector to penetrate into the rural areas.
The absence of consistent power supply has been a major hindrance to market penetration in several states, including Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Delhi. However, India has a low per capita consumption of ice cream which is creating opportunities for players to capitalize upon. The key trends in the market include increasing number of exclusive ice cream outlets, introduction of new variants, growth of premium ice cream and entry of international brands.
Table of Contents :
Slide 1: Executive Summary
Macroeconomic Indicators
Slide 2: GDP at Factor Cost: Quarterly (2011-2012, 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15), Inflation Rate: Monthly (Jul-Aug 2013 – Nov-Dec 2013)
Slide 3: Gross Fiscal Deficit: Monthly (Feb 2013 – Jul 2013), Exchange Rate: Half Yearly (Apr 2014 – Sep 2014)
Slide 4: Lending Rate: Annual (2011-2012, 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15), Trade Balance: Annual (2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14), FDI: Annual (2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13)
Introduction
Slide 5-6: Ice Cream – Introduction
Market Overview
Slide 7-9: Indian Ice Cream Market – Overview
Market Segmentation
Slide 10: Indian Ice Cream Market – Segmentation
Manufacturing Process
Slide 11-12: Indian Ice Cream Market – Manufacturing Process
Distribution Channel
Slide 13: Distribution Channel – Summary
Slide 14-17: Distribution Channel
Value Chain Analysis
Slide 18: Ice Cream – Value Chain Analysis
EXIM
Slide 19: Export and Import of ice cream (2011-2012 – 2014-2015 [Apr-Nov],
Slide 20: Major Exporting Nations – Value-Wise (2014), Major Importing Nations – Value-Wise (2014)
Drivers & Challenges
Slide 21: Drivers and Challenges – Summary
Slide 22-27: Drivers
Slide 28-29: Challenges
Trends
Slide 30: Trends – Summary
Slide 31-34: Key Trends
Government Regulations and Policies
Slide 35: Government Regulations and Policies – Summary
Slide 36-38: Government Regulations and Policies
Competitive Landscape
Slide 39: Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
Slide 40: Competitive Benchmarking, Public Trading Compa
The document summarizes the ice cream market in India. It discusses key trends like large-scale advertising by major brands, product diversification to target segments, and partnerships to boost distribution. The organized sector faces competition from lower priced, lower quality unorganized players. While consumption is growing, per capita consumption remains low at 200-250ml compared to other countries. Developing the cold chain and increasing consumption levels offers opportunities for market expansion.
Presented at World Conference Cold chain - Thaifex 2013. Opportunity and Challenges in emerging markets, case study India. Cold chain development, the need and the success in hand. Market prospects for cold chain in emerging markets with focus on India.
Agriculture Storage and Warehousing with Cold StorageAjjay Kumar Gupta
Agriculture Storage and Warehousing with Cold Storage- India Set to see Rs. 45,000 Crores Investments in Warehousing by 2020
A warehouse describes a facility serving the purpose of storing goods. In ecommerce, warehouses are mainly used to keep items on stock to make sure the short delivery times needed can be fulfilled. Agriculture, which is the backbone of Indian economy contributes to the overall economic growth of the country and determines the standard of life for more than 50% of the Indian population. India holds the second largest agricultural land in the world with approximately 179.9 million hectares under cultivation. The country has emerged as a major player in agriculture in the global scenario.
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Market Research Report : Ice Cream Market in India 2012Netscribes, Inc.
For the complete report, get in touch with us at : info@netscribes.com
India is considered to be the largest milk producer across the globe and accounts for one-fifth of the total global milk production. It constitutes of different sub segments of which ice cream has seen strong growth in the market. The Indian ice cream sector is a competitive market with strong competition from the unorganized sector. At a time when input prices are rising and branded players are forced to increase prices of their products, unorganized or local players indulge in low quality ingredients and offer products at cheaper prices. However, the sector is still on a growth path as constant innovation presents products catering to the varied needs of customers. Due to the developing distribution network leading to wider availability of products coupled with increase in disposable income among consumers; the sector braces for further growth.
The report begins with an overview of the dairy industry in India providing the market size and growth as well as information regarding its consumption pattern and market structure. This is followed by a primary segmentation of the industry wherein a product mix is highlighted. An overview of the ice cream market provides an introduction to the sector and covers the market size and growth in India along with a representation of the market share of key players in the sector. The manufacturing process as well as a description of the key processes has been covered. An analysis of the value chain has been included which is followed by a snapshot of the various distribution channels players opt for in the ice cream market. An EXIM trend over a period of four years is included which precedes a Porter’s Five Forces analysis that concludes the section. The next section highlights the segmentation in the ice cream market and all three primary segments namely impulse segment, take home segment and artisanal segment have been discussed.
An analysis of the drivers explains the factors for growth of the market and includes lucrative nature of business, rise of buyers in impulse segment, strengthening of distribution network, increase of disposable income and low per capita consumption of ice creams. Ice creams contain air in a substantial amount sometimes even up to 50% which makes the business a very profitable venture wherein profits margins are extremely high at certain times. The lucrative nature of this business has created strong opportunities in the market Ice creams can be ramified into impulse, take home and artisanal segments. Of these, impulse segment entails highest sales volumes as featured products are small in size, relatively cheaper and can be consumed at a go. Availability of impulse products has increased as push carts are present across cities and towns and affordability has contributed to further growth in such buyers.
Branded chocolate market in india 2017 - Research on IndiaNetscribes, Inc.
The branded chocolate market in India is projected to grow at a CAGR of 17.2% to reach INR x bn by 2022, up from INR x bn in 2014. Key drivers of growth include the tradition of gifting chocolates, rising disposable incomes, and shifts in consumer preferences towards branded chocolates. Major players like Mondelez, Nestle and Ferrero dominate the market, while trends like demand for healthy and premium variants are gaining traction. The industry remains positive due to the confectionery market's expansion and India's growing gifting culture.
Branded chocolate market in india 2017 - Research On IndiaNetscribes, Inc.
The branded chocolate market in India is projected to grow at a CAGR of 17.2% to reach INR x bn by 2022, up from INR x bn in 2014. Key drivers of growth include the tradition of gifting chocolates, rising disposable incomes, and shifts in consumer preferences towards premium brands. Major players like Mondelez, Nestle and Ferrero dominate the market, though demand is growing for healthier options and niche brands. The outlook for the industry remains positive due to strong growth in the confectionery market and India's rising affluence.
This document provides an analysis of the sugar industry and marketing strategies of Daurala Sugar Works, a unit of DCM Shriram Group located in Daurala, Uttar Pradesh, India. It begins with an executive summary that outlines the purpose and scope of the study. It then discusses the sugar industry in India, providing statistics on production levels and the key role of the industry. An introduction to Daurala Sugar Works is given. The document analyzes the competitive landscape of the sugar industry using Porter's Five Forces model. It also discusses the cyclical nature of the sugar industry and Daurala Sugar Works' marketing strategies. The conclusion provides a future outlook and recommendations.
LEATHER INDUSTRY.. ITS ALL ABOUT BRAND WARS... Survival of the UNIQUE..Abhishek Bajaj
The PPT deals about the marketing strategy of three leading Brands in the world of leather.. the war of brands between COACH, LOUIS VUITTON AND HERMES...
The document provides an overview of the Indian dairy industry with a focus on probiotic products and milk ice creams. It notes that India is one of the fastest growing markets for milk and milk products, with the organized market growing at nearly 10% annually. There is increasing demand for value-added products like probiotic drinks, yogurt, ice cream etc. The document reviews the major players and products in the probiotic drinks, yogurt, and ice cream categories. It provides details on concepts, pricing, distribution and communication strategies of brands like Amul, Mother Dairy, Nestle, and Kwality Walls.
- This document discusses a webinar being hosted by Aurum Equity Partners LLP on June 27th, 2014 about private equity and foreign investments in the Indian dairy industry.
- It provides an overview of the speakers for the webinar - Nitin Jain and Dr. R.S. Khanna from Aurum Equity Partners and introduces their backgrounds and areas of expertise related to the dairy industry.
- A disclaimer is also included stating that the information provided is for internal use only and does not constitute an offer to sell securities or assets.
Fine Chemicals(Acetazolamide, Acyclovir, Albendazole, 7-Aminocephalosporanic Acid, Amitriptyline, Ampicillin, Amoxycillin, Amiodarone, Berberine, Carbamazepine, Dhea, Fluoxetin, Hydrocortisone, Isosorbide Mononitrate, Lomefloxacin, Mdma, Penicilling, Ritonavir, Saquinavir, Taxol, Vindesine)
Fine chemicals are complex, single, pure chemical substances, produced in limited quantities in multipurpose plants by multistep batch chemical or biotechnological processes. They are described by exacting specifications, used for further processing within the chemical industry and sold for more than $10/kg (see the comparison of fine chemicals, commodities and specialties). The class of fine chemicals is subdivided either on the basis of the added value (building blocks, advanced intermediates or active ingredients), or the type of business transaction, namely standard or exclusive products.
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Fine Chemicals, Acetazolamide, Synonyms of Acetazolamide Acyclovir, Albendazole, 7-Aminocephalosporanic Acid, 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid, Molecular Weight of Amitriptyline, Ampicillin, Amoxycillin, Amiodarone, Amlodipine, Amiloride, Aminophylline, Apomorphine Hydrochloride, L-Arginine, Arecoline, Aspirin, Atenolol, Azithromycin, Azt, Bacitracin, Berberine, Betamethasone, Synonyms of Benzothiazide, Caffeine, Captopril, Carbidopa, Molecular Weight of Capsaicin, Carbamazepine, Carboplatin, L-Carnitine, Cefaclor, Cefazoline, Cefotaxime, Ceftizoxime, Cefuroxime, Cetirizine, Cephalexin, Clotrimazole, Cloxacillin, Molecular Weight of Chitosan, Chlordiazepoxide, Chloroquine, Chlorpromazine, Molecular Weight of Chloropropamide, Chloramphenicol, Chlorohexidine, Synonyms of Chondroitin Sulfate, Chromium Picolinate, Cinnarizine, Cimetidine, Cisplatin, Clidinium Bromide, Cocaine, Colchicine, Creatine, Molecular Weight of Cyclandelate, Molecular Formula of Cyproheptadine, Danazol, Delavirdine, Molecular Weight of Dexamethasone, Synonyms of Dextropropoxyphene, Dextromethorphan, Dexedrine, Diazepam, Dhea, Synonyms of Diclofenac, Dideoxycytidine, Dideoxyinosine, Diethylcarbamazine, Digoxin, Diltiazem, Doxycycline, Enalapril, Emetine, Erythromycin, Ethambutol, Molecular Formula of Etidronic Acid, Synonyms of Famotidine, Flurazepam, Fluconazole, Fluoxetin, Molecular Weight of Fluocinolone Acetonide, Frusemide, Furazolidone, Synonyms of Gentamicin, Glucosamine, Glybenzcyclamide, Griseofulvin, Heparin, Hydrocortisone, Hydrochlorothiazide, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, Ibuprofen, Synonyms of Indinavir, Isosorbide Mononitrate, Isoxsuprine, Isoniazid, Insulin,
The document provides an overview of the Indian footwear industry. It discusses that India is the second largest global producer of footwear after China. The industry is dominated by the unorganized sector but the organized sector is growing rapidly. Major production centers are located in various states like Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Punjab. The market is segmented into casual, mass, premium, and sports footwear. Key players in the industry include Bata, Liberty, Adidas, and Reebok. The future outlook remains positive with growing demand and opportunities in the women's segment.
Business Ideas and Investment Opportunities in Cold Storage Plant. Scope in R...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Business Ideas and Investment Opportunities in Cold Storage Plant. Scope in Refrigerated Storage and Warehousing Industry.
Perishable food items and other perishables are cooled, frozen, and preserved in this installation. A large cold-storage facility with truck and railroad platforms, compressor and condenser rooms for a refrigerating system, a cooling tower, reservoirs and a pumping station for a circulating water source, administration and residential buildings, and other buildings and facilities make up an independent company.
For More Details: https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profile/2418/india-emerging-business-opportunities-cold-chain-sector-why-invest-project-potential-core-financials-market-size-industry-analysis.html
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Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Mall ST,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Leather Footwear in context of BangladeshRifat Touhid
This document discusses leather (footwear) exports from Bangladesh. It provides information on the types of leather footwear that can be exported, including shoes, sandals, slippers, hiking/walking boots, and sports boots. It also lists some of the major import countries for Bangladeshi leather footwear like the United Arab Emirates, Italy, and Belgium. The document outlines the procedure for obtaining an Export Registration Certificate to export leather footwear. It discusses some of the key documents needed for customs clearance like certificates from the Animal Quarantine Office, export licenses, proforma invoices, letters of credit, and bills of lading. In the end, it presents data on the contribution of leather footwear exports to Bangladesh's
Market Research Report : Footwear market in india 2014 - SampleNetscribes, Inc.
The document provides an overview of the footwear market in India. It notes that the Indian footwear market is the second largest in the world and is growing at a CAGR of r2%. Sports footwear dominates the Indian market. The key drivers of the market include increasing disposable income and changing consumer lifestyles. The main challenges are competition from unorganized players and issues of affordability. The government is taking steps like FDI in retail and implementing GST to further develop the market.
Indian footwear retail market forecast to 2017IBNARESEARCH
This document provides a summary and table of contents for the report "Indian Footwear Retail Market Forecast to 2017". The 194-page report contains detailed statistics and analysis of the Indian footwear retail market segmented into men's, women's, and kid's footwear. It provides past and present market size and growth data from 2007-2012 for each segment, and forecasts the market outlook from 2013-2017. The report also analyzes consumer behavior, market share by major players, distribution networks, and other aspects of the Indian footwear retail industry.
The Indian leather industry has grown significantly over the past decades to become a major foreign exchange earner and employer. Exports have increased from $320 million in 1965-66 to $69.5 billion in 1996-97. The industry has transformed from exporting raw materials to value-added finished products. It employs around 2 million workers across sectors like tanning, footwear, and leather goods. Major production centers are located in cities across India like Chennai, Kanpur, Delhi and Kolkata.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document provides information on India's agricultural sector, with a focus on crops with export potential. It discusses:
- Agriculture's importance to India's economy and employment.
- India's diverse climate and soil types allow for varied crop production.
- Mango is India's most important fruit, with India the world's largest mango producer. However, India lags in agricultural productivity and export competitiveness compared to other countries.
- The study profiles 16 crops including various fruits, vegetables, spices and commercial crops to understand their export potential based on production, demand, and market requirements. It aims to build industry capacity and establish an online database to promote Indian agricultural exports.
The document provides an introduction to groundnuts and the groundnut market in India. It discusses that groundnuts are an important oilseed crop grown worldwide, with India being a major producer and exporter. The aims and objectives of the document are to understand the export process including customs clearance procedures, required documentation, and government rules and regulations. It provides background information on groundnut varieties grown in India, major producing regions, production and export figures. Factors influencing the groundnut market such as weather, prices of other oils, and festivals are also summarized.
IDENTIFICATION OF KEY SUCCESS FACTORS OF STRATEGIES IN ENTERING THE INDIAN MA...Ira Kristina Lumban Tobing
The document provides a literature review and research methodology for identifying key success factors for strategies to enter the Indian market for edible palm oil products from Indonesia. It analyzes the political, economic, social, technological factors in India using PEST analysis and identifies opportunities and challenges. The results found that the Indian market is growing and increasingly open to Indonesian palm oil, but producers must establish cooperation with local companies to support distribution and marketing. Joint ventures can help producers address regulatory requirements and better understand consumer behavior.
This document analyzes the value chain of sesame in the Bench Maji Zone of Ethiopia. It identifies the major actors in the sesame value chain as producers, wholesalers, rural collectors, cooperatives, brokers, retailers, exporters, and NGOs. It uses survey data and statistical analysis to examine factors that influence farmers' choices of market outlets. The analysis finds that years of experience, cooperative membership, household size, education level, land area under sesame cultivation, quantity supplied, participation in training, and distance to the nearest market significantly impact farmers' decisions on where to sell their sesame. The study recommends strengthening farmers' cooperatives, improving infrastructure and access to transportation, enhancing farmers' knowledge through
Synthesis paper on 'Viability and successful price realization on Cocoa'MD SALMAN ANJUM
This document discusses cocoa production, consumption, trade, and prices globally and domestically in India. It notes that India is a small player in global cocoa production, but domestic consumption is rising. Cocoa prices are highly integrated between international and domestic markets, so global supply shocks can impact domestic prices. Expanding cocoa production areas and improving farmer productivity and infrastructure in India could help meet growing domestic demand and potentially achieve a production surplus.
Export competitievness of indian textile industry b.govindan kutty nair -223...BGK NAIR
This study examines the export competitiveness and performance of India's textile industry from 2010-2014. It analyzes 11 textile product groups using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index. The results show that 7 of the 11 products have an RCA over 1, indicating a comparative advantage in the world market. These include silk, cotton, vegetable fibers, manmade filaments, manmade staple fibers, carpets, and special woven fabrics. Cotton and carpets have the highest RCA values and are most competitive globally. The document outlines the objectives, methodology, literature review, data sources, and analysis of export competitiveness and performance for each product group.
The document discusses a summit on food processing, agribusiness, and dairy (FAD) industries in India. It notes that these industries significantly contribute to India's GDP and hold great importance. The summit aims to explore global business opportunities and innovative technologies to uplift the sectors. It also focuses on issues like food safety standards to help the sectors compete internationally. The summit brings together stakeholders from government organizations and states to discuss opportunities in the FAD industries and help add momentum to their growth in India.
Rice Value Chain Analysis: Rice Seed Production as a Profitable Agribusiness ...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study explored the rice value chain (RVC) in Nueva Ecija, value additions, found restrictions, and offered to upgrade solutions to improve the competitiveness of the rice industry and specific segments in the RVC using the value chain analysis (VCA) methodology. Farmers, paddy dealers, millers, wholesalers, wholesaler-retailers, and retailers in Nueva Ecija provided primary data. Workshops with stakeholders were also held to validate preliminary findings and identify upgrading strategies. The RVC begins with the provision of inputs for paddy production and concludes with the consumption of milled rice. The RVC is dominated by a traditional multi-layered supply chain with interconnected chain actors consisting of competing farmers, paddy traders, millers, and rice traders in each segment and, frequently, with the involvement of brokers in both paddy aggregation and rice distribution, thereby increasing marketing cost. The major constraints identified in the RVC included high production and marketing costs of paddy and rice due to low yield, high labor and material inputs, and a lack of critical infrastructure and market facilities (e.g., modern mills, dryers, cheap transport, and energy), resulting in high domestic paddy and rice prices and low competitiveness of the entire rice VC. To improve competitiveness, the rice industry should focus on developing and promoting yield-increasing, postharvest loss-reducing, and cost-cutting technologies, as well as those that improve overall RVC efficiency, such as investments in enabling infrastructure and facilities for transport, handling, storage, drying, and milling.
Roadmap for Sustainable Palm Oil Trade to Address Green Trade Initiatives an...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Herry Purnomo (Director of Indonesia Country Programme, CIFOR-ICRAF; IPB University) at "A nature-positive trade for sustainable agriculture supply chains and inclusive development", Jakarta, Indonesia, on 26 - 27 Sep 2023
This document summarizes a study on the production and export of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in India and worldwide. It finds that while India is a major coconut producer, it produces very little VCO compared to other countries like the Philippines and Sri Lanka. This is due to issues like low domestic demand, a lack of certified products, and quality problems in the Indian VCO industry. The study analyzes VCO market data, compares major exporting countries, and identifies inefficiencies in the Indian industry. It recommends the Indian government promote VCO production and exports by improving quality, reducing costs, generating consumer awareness, and providing support like tax exemptions to better compete globally.
- Agriculture in India ranks second worldwide in farm output and is the largest producer of milk, cashew nuts, coconuts, tea, ginger, turmeric and black pepper. It also has the world's largest cattle population.
- Indian agriculture has made rapid progress since independence, becoming self-sufficient and even a exporter, moving from subsistence farming to intensive, technology-led cultivation.
- The WTO aims to promote international trade and ensure trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible by setting rules and resolving disputes. However, critics argue it favors large, powerful nations over small countries and can negatively impact labor rights, public services and the environment.
This document discusses the processed food industry in India. It covers key areas like industry segments, existing structure, major players, government policies, processing techniques, and research and development. The processed food sector has grown significantly in recent years due to availability of raw materials and relaxed policies. While food processing in India is still lower than other countries, there is huge potential for growth given the wide variety of agricultural products and large consumer base. The industry is expected to continue expanding rapidly, benefiting consumers, producers and the overall economy.
Lamon Rutten, CEO of MCX presents his views about Futures trading in Pulses market. Indian pulses market data, export & import and trading insights as presented at India Pulses & Grains Association (IPGA)'s Global Pulses Conclave (GPC) 2012.
This document outlines several theories that describe the basis of international trade. It discusses theories of absolute cost advantage, comparative cost advantage, factor endowment, competitive advantage, product life cycle, identical preferences, product differentiation, and outlet for domestic surplus. Countries engage in international trade because no single country possesses all resources to satisfy consumer wants, and theories of trade help explain why countries specialize and exchange goods.
This document provides information about cashew cultivation, trade, and exporting from India. It discusses that India is a leading producer and exporter of cashews, cultivating the crop primarily along its western and eastern coasts. The key sections of the document are:
- Cashew grades are based on kernel size, color, and moisture content, with whole ivory kernels representing the highest quality.
- India accounts for 65% of global cashew exports and exports kernels to over 60 countries, with the US, UAE, and Netherlands as top markets.
- The Cashew Export Promotion Council of India helps connect buyers and sellers and resolve trade issues.
This document provides information about cashew cultivation, trade, and export from India. It discusses that India is a leading producer, processor, and exporter of cashews. The key sections summarize that Maharashtra, Kerala, and Karnataka are the primary producers in India. It also outlines that India's top export markets are the US, UAE, and Netherlands, and that the Cashew Export Promotion Council of India helps connect buyers and sellers. Finally, it summarizes some requirements for exporting cashew kernels to Europe, including food safety standards and buyer quality specifications.
This document provides information on an international journal article that analyzes the problems and prospects of the coconut industry in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, India. It begins with background on coconut production globally and in India. It then reviews previous literature on coconut cultivation challenges. The main objectives of the study are to analyze cultivation problems faced by coconut farmers in the district and to examine marketing problems related to coconut sales.
The document outlines several theories that provide the basis for international trade. It discusses Adam Smith's theory of absolute cost advantage, where countries export goods they can produce at lower cost. It also explains David Ricardo's theory of comparative cost advantage, which focuses on opportunity costs. The factor endowment theory proposes that countries export goods intensive in their abundant factors of production. Other theories covered include competitive advantage, product life cycle theory, identical preferences, product differentiation, and having an outlet for domestic surplus.
Similar to Competitiveness of export commodities of indonesian plantation in the asean (20)
Understanding how timely GST payments influence a lender's decision to approve loans, this topic explores the correlation between GST compliance and creditworthiness. It highlights how consistent GST payments can enhance a business's financial credibility, potentially leading to higher chances of loan approval.
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
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Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
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Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
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2. Available Online: http://saspjournals.com/sjebm 576
which are traded or exported to outside either among
ASEAN countries or between countries in the world.
Exported commodities of plantation sub-sector is
grouped based on product classification codes or
Harmonized System Code (HS CODE) force
internationally in 6 digits. The 15 kinds of commodities
are:
Tabel-1: Kinds of Export commodities in plantation sub-sector in ASEAN countries
HS
Code
Exported Commoditis
'070190 Fresh or chilly potato
'070310 Fresh or chilly onion
'071410 Fresh or dried casava
'071420 Fresh or dried sewwt potato
'080131 Fresh or dried cashew nuts with shell
'080132 Fresh or dried cashew nuts without shell
'090111 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated
'090412 Pepper
'091020 Turmeric
'100590 Corn
'120300 Copra
'151110 Palm oil, crude
'180100 Cocoa
'240120 Tobacco, not manufactured
'400300 Reclaimed rubber in primary forms or plates, sheets or strips
Source: ITC calculations based on UN COMTRADE statistics (processed)
The advantages of Indonesia compared to the
neighboring countries are especially on the area and
population factors. Labor factor also plays an important
role as one of the determining factors of
competitiveness. This is in line with the ideas of Adam
Smith and David Ricardo that labor plays an important
role in the production process where labor costs are a
major component in addition to the cost of capital [2].
Similarly, the theory of Heckscher Ohlin (H - O), which
assumes that each country will export commodities
relatively intensively use the abundant production
factor, because the costs will tend to be cheap, as well
as import commodity factors of production are
relatively rare and expensive.
Based on these two theories, it can be said that
Indonesia has a comparative advantage in the
agricultural sector when compared with other ASEAN
countries. However, it is not in line with the dynamic
comparative advantage pioneered [3]. Both experts
agreed that the comparative advantage can be created
(created comparative advantage). In other words, they
oppose Richardo and Ohlin’s theory which tend to see
the natural comparative advantage. Likewise with the
concept of competitive advantage that natural
conditions is not necessary to be inhibitors for
excellence basically be pursued and matched (in
competition) with a variety of struggle or effort.
Competitive advantage is the advantages possessed by a
country to be competitive in the international market
[4].
Thus, to determine the level of competitiveness of
exported commodity in agricultural sector, especially in
the Indonesian plantation sub-sector, in the framework
of the free trade deal in the ASEAN region and the
imposition of MEA end of 2015, the analysis of the
competitiveness of exported commodities in this sector
needs to be done.
Indonesia has potential advantages of natural
resources which are supported by the climate and
human resources. This should have the competitiveness
of exported commodities in the agricultural sector,
especially in the plantation sub-sector compared with
some other ASEAN countries which also have the same
export commodities to Indonesia .
On the basis of similarity of export commodities,
of course, it is a challenge for Indonesia to continue
improving its competitiveness against other ASEAN
countries. Therefore, it is important to be able to
encourage the export commodities in the agricultural
sector, especially in the plantation sub-sector where
Indonesia has a comparative advantage.
THEORETICAL REVIEW
Theory of competitiveness
The concept of competitiveness originated from
the concept of comparative advantage (theory of
comparative advantage) by David Ricardo. He said that
international trade occurs when there are differences in
3. Available Online: http://saspjournals.com/sjebm 577
comparative advantages between countries. He argued
that comparative advantage will be achieved if a
country is able to produce more goods and services at a
lower cost than in other countries.
In the theory of comparative advantage, a country
can improve living standards and incomes if the country
is to specify the production of goods or services that
have high productivity and efficiency.
Competitiveness can be seen from three different
levels, namely: the state, industry and enterprise level.
Competitiveness is derived from the Latin meaning
competer. It is an involvement in the business
competition in a market that describes a country's
economic strength [5]. Competitiveness is the ability of
companies, industries, countries or regions to generate
revenue factors and factors of relatively high
employment and sustainable to face the international
competition (source: OECD). Therefore, the
competitiveness of the industry is a phenomenon in the
micro- enterprise level, the national industrial
development policy is preceded by examining the
industrial sector as a whole as a basis of measurement.
The level of competitiveness of a country in
international trade arena basically is determined by two
factors, namely comparative advantage and competitive
advantage. Furthermore, the factors of comparative
advantage can be considered as a factor that is natural
and competitive advantages factors are considered as
factors that are acquired or may be developed or created
[6].
The competitiveness of a product or a commodity
is a commodity's ability to compete in the domestic
market, the regional or even in the international market
and can survive in the markets, in the sense that if a
product has the competitiveness of the product is
exactly what many consumers demand. The
competitiveness of a product can not be separated from
the quality, quantity and price of the product itself.
While the quantity and quality of the product itself is an
output of productivity.
In the international competition, especially in the
competitiveness of export products, there are three
aspects to be considered [7]. The first is the price, in
offering a product price must be equal to or lower than
the price offered by a competitor, or the cost of
production is lower than the cost of production in the
country of destination. In this case the exporting
country has a comparative advantage; the second is the
quality of products, the quality offered must meet or
correspond with consumer tastes; third is the time
deliery which should be appropriate to the situation and
market conditions in the destination country. Delays in
shipment and delivery of goods can be fatal because it
allows these products no longer marketed which
ultimately can reduce appetite and demand for such
products.
Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)
Basri and Munandar [8] revealed that the RCA
method was first introduced by Bela Balassa in 1965.
Bela Balassa filed postulations about international trade
based on the ratio or the ratio of exports and imports.
The RCA has been widely used in empirical research,
even it is a central concept in international trade theory.
Ballasa [9] suggested a link between comparative
advantage and RCA, which is the situation where the
economic condition (EC) in various countries in which
the trade decisive comparative advantage (C)
internationally. This pattern is a set pattern of trade,
production and international consumption (TPC)
between countries. The linkage between comparative
advantage and competitiveness (RCA) as follows:
EC → CA → TPC → RCA
Where Economic Conditions (EC) in various
countries ultimately determine the pattern of
international trade comparative advantage (CA). This
pattern, in turn, set the pattern of international trade,
production and consumption (TPC) between countries.
Index constructed from TPC and post- trade variables
may be normally used to indicate the comparative
advantage between re-called as an index of "revealed
comparative advantage (RCA)"
The revealed comparative advantage index RCA
was first introduced [10] and operationalized by Balassa
to measure the comparative advantage [9]. Revealed
Comparative Advantage index in empirical studies, the
concept of comparative advantage has been widely
used. In fact, commodity pattern of comparative
advantage is a central concept in international trade
theory.
Tambunan [11] outlines that the Comparative
Advantage (CA) is an index that describes the ratio
between the market share of a product in a country's
total exports to the export market of the same products
in the total exports of the world's total exports. The
RCA index that has a value equal to or more than one
(1) means that the country has the competitiveness of a
product above the world average and if the RCA index
showed a value of less than one (1) the competitiveness
of a product of the country is in below the world
average.
Theory of Comparative Advantage
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Comparative advantage is the concept of micro-
economics which focuses on industry-specific trade. It
explains why a country may export labor-intensive
products while other countries may specialize in
capital-intensive. By this definition, each country has a
comparative advantage in the production of some
product or service that has a lower opportunity cost than
its competitors.
Therefore, the comparative advantage has little
significance from the perspective of the macro
economy. In addition, the comparative advantage of the
concept of balance, predict trading patterns when
prices, trade flows and the exchange rate is in
equilibrium. Business decisions, in contrast, often have
to explicitly consider the short-term developments as
well as the results of long-term equilibrium. It will
include the current economic conditions, exchange rate
fluctuations, and other factors that represent deviations
from long-run equilibrium.
The concept of comparative advantage is widely
used in the economic literature to evaluate the pattern of
trade and specialization in commodities of countries
which have competitive advantage [12]. The concept of
comparative advantage by David Ricardo (1817) is one
of the oldest international trade theory [2].
The concept of competitiveness rests on the
concept of comparative advantage introduced by
Ricardo around the 18th century (1823), hereinafter
known as Ricardian models or the Law of Comparative
Advantage of Ricardo (The Law of Comparative
Advantage). Ricardo stated that even if a country is less
efficient (having absolute loss) compared to other
countries in producing two commodities, but there is
still the basis for trade is beneficial to both sides. The
country should specialize in producing and exporting
commodities which have a comparative advantage and
importing commodities that have larger absolute losses
or have comparative disadvantages [12].
The theory of comparative advantage is the most
widely used as an indicator in measuring the
performance of a country's trade internationally. A
country is considered to have a comparative advantage
if it has a relatively low cost in production when
compared to other countries [5].
The theory of comparative advantage was first
coined by David Ricardo. According to David Ricardo,
each country or nation as much as anyone, would gain
from trade by exporting goods or services which are the
greatest comparative advantage and import goods or
services which are not comparative advantage [9].
David Ricardo argued that the comparative advantages
arising from differences in technology that brings the
productivity differences between countries [13].
David Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage
further explained by the theory of comparative cost
(labor efficiency) and the theory of comparative
production (labor productivity). According to the theory
of comparative cost (labor efficiency), a country would
benefit from international trade if doing specialization
in production and export of goods where the country is
able to produce relatively more efficiently and import
goods in which the country is relatively less productive
or inefficient.
Meanwhile, according to production comparative
advantage (labor productivity), a country will benefit
from internasioanal trade if the country make
specialization of products and export goods where the
country is able to produce relatively more and import
goods where the country has relatively less products or
unproductive [5].
Theory of Absolute Advantage (Adam Smith) and
Comparative Theory (David Ricardo) argued that
international trade can occur even if a country does not
have an absolute advantage, as long as the comparative
prices in the two countries are different.
Furthermore, Ricard argue that it is better for all
countries specialize their commodities where these
countries have a comparative advantage and importing
any other commodities. This theory emphasizes that
international trade can be mutually beneficial if one
state does not have to have an absolute advantage for a
commodity as expressed by Adam Smith, but it is
enough to have a comparative advantage in which the
price of a commodity in a country relative to another is
different [14].
RESEARCH METHODS
The object of thi research is the value of export
commodity of plantation sub-sector of the ASEAN
countries and the world (in aggregate) with the
classification of a product or a 6 -digit HS Code in the
period 2011-2014. The ommodities included palm oil
(crude oil), coffee not roasted, cassava (cassava), yams,
cashew nuts with shells, cashew nuts without shell,
tobacco which has not been fabricated, reclaimed
rubber, cocoa beans, coconut (copra) maize, turmeric,
pepper, garlic and onions, and potatoes.
The export commodities data were obtained by
searching the credible site (website) of International
institutions and have the capability to collect, collate
and present the data that is TRADE MAP (Trade
statistics for International Business development) at
http://www.trademap.org/Product_SelCountry and
5. Available Online: http://saspjournals.com/sjebm 579
United Nations COMTRADE Statistic and Food
Agriculture Association/FAO (http://faostat3.fao.org).
The method of analysis was Revealed
Comparative Advantage (RCA), which describes the
ratio between the value of Indonesian exports of certain
commodities in the total value of world exports.
∑
∑
In which:
X = export commdity value
i = kinds of products
a = country
w = word or competitor country
The exports is export value of the same
commodity ASEAN in total exports. Index RCA that
has a value equal to or more than 1 (RCA > 1 ) means
that the country's competitiveness on commodity
exports or equal to the average export commodity
ASEAN countries more and if the index RCA indicates
a value less than 1 ( RCA < 1), the export commodities
that State has no competitiveness or below the average
of other ASEAN countries. The RCA can be calculated
using the following formula:
Methods of analysis or indicators Comparative
Export Performance (CEP) was applied to describe the
ratio between the value of exports of certain Indonesian
commodities of plantation sub-sector in the total value
of exports with export value of the same commodity in
the world total export value. To determine the a
specialization product or export commodity of a
country, if a particular commodity of a country has a
value CEP>1 then commodity has advantages relative
to exports or above the average value of world exports
in the sense that the commodity has a value of CEP>1
then commodities can be used as a specialty export
product, and if CEP < 1 then the country does not have
the relative advantage or below the average export
commodity world. The following formula is used:
( )
where is the export commodity of country B, is
the total export of country B, is the total export
commodity of the world, and is the total eport of
the world.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of the RCA analysis towards export
commodity of plantation sub-sector of Indonesia and
other ASEAN countries in 2011-2014 period for each
year are as follows:
The results of RCA analysis of export commodity
of plantation sub sector in Indonesia in 2011 of the 15
kinds commodities, there are 10 kinds of export
commodities plantation sub-sector Indonesia that have
competitiveness in ASEAN countries or have RCA>1,
which means that the commodities have export value
above the average of the ASEAN countries.
And of the 10 kinds of commodities that have the
competitiveness of the four types of commodities which
are of high or superior competitiveness in ASEAN
countries in the sense that this commodity dominate
ASEAN market, such as: chips with RCA value of 1.73;
cashew nuts with shells with RCA 5.71; Palm oil with a
value of 4.15 and cacao bean RCA with RCA value
5.24.
For the commodities of yams, coffee, turmeric,
copra, tobacco and rubber, although each has a
competitiveness but there are other countries that are
superior than Indonesia such as: (1) Laos is superior in
yams commodity, coffee , and tobacco; (2) Vietnam is
superior in commodity yams, coffee, copra and rubber;
(3) The Philippine is superior in the saffron and tobacco
commodities; (4) Singapore is superior to the
commodity of turmeric; (5) Malaysia is superior to the
rubber commodity; (6) Cambodia is superior to the
tobacco commodity.
While the other five types of commodities have no
competitiveness or RCA<1 which means that the export
value of the commodities is below the average of other
ASEAN countries. The commodities are: garlic and
onions, cassava, cashew nuts without shell, pepper and
corn.
The results of the RCA analysis towards export
commodity of Indonesian plantation sub-sector in 2012,
of 15 kinds of commodities observed, there are 10 kinds
of export commodities that has competitiveness in
ASEAN countries. This means that 10 types of
commodities have export value equal to or above the
average value of exports of similar commodities in the
ASEAN countries.
There are 10 kinds of export commodities of
Indonesian plantation sub-sector have competitiveness,
there are 5 kinds of commodities which are superior in
ASEAN countries. This means that commodities have
high export value or is above the value of commodity
exports to other ASEAN countries. The commodities
namely cashew nut shells with RCA 6.48; cocoa with
RCA 4.82; palm oil with RCA value of 3.86; turmeric
with RCA value of 3.00; and chips with RCA value of
2.14.
6. Available Online: http://saspjournals.com/sjebm 580
For the commodities of yams, coffee, copra,
tobacco and rubber, although they have competitive
edge in the ASEAN countries but there are still ASEAN
countries which are superior to Indonesia, such as: (1)
Vietnam is superior to the commodity of sweet potato
with RCA 4.72; coffee with RCA 7,90; copra with RCA
4.10 , andrubber with RCA 1.61; (2) Laos is superior to
the commodity of sweet potato with RCA 94.12; coffee
with RCA RCA 6.74 and tobacco with 7.86; (3)
Yanmar is superior on tobacco commodities with RCA
3.63; (4) Philippine is superior to the commodity of
tobacco with RCA 3.50; (5) Malaysia is superior to the
rubber with RCA commodity 3.29.
While the other five types of commodities have no
competitiveness or RCA < 1. This indicates that the
value of exports of the commodities is below the
average of ASEAN countries.
1) The results of the RCA analysis towards export
commodity of Indonesian plantation sub-sector in
2013 show that of the 15 types of commodities,
there are 9 types of commodities that have
competitiveness or RCA>1. This means that the 9
types of the commodity have a value of above-
average export of ASEAN countries.
Of the nine types of commodities that have the
competitiveness of the five species of them excel
in ASEAN countries. Four kinds of other
commodities despite competitive advantage but
there are still other ASEAN countries that are
superior to Indonesia, such as: (1) Bruney
Darussalam is superior to the commodity potato
with RCA of 5.36; (2) Vietnam is superior to the
sweet potato commodities with RCA of 4.84 and
coffee with RCA of 6.41; (3) Laos is more
superior on sweet potato commodity with RCA of
67.73; coffee with RCA of 7.11 and tobacco with
RCA of 2.62; (4) Philippine is superior to the
tobacco commodity with RCA of 5.33.
While the 6 types of commodities of the 15
commodities observed have no competitiveness or
RCA<1 which means that the value of exports
below the average of the ASEAN countries such
as: onions and shallots; cassava; cashew nuts
without shell; pepper; corn and rubber.
2) The results of the RCA analysis of the export
commodity of Indonesian plantation in 2014 show
that of the 15 kinds of commodities, there are 9
types of commodities that have competitiveness in
ASEAN countries. While the 6 types of other
export commodities have no competitiveness or
RCA<1.
Of the nine types of export commodities of
Indonesian plantation sub-sector have the
competitiveness. Three of them excel in ASEAN
countries, namely: cashew nuts with shells with
RCA of 4.15. While other ASEAN countries, none
of which have competitiveness or RCA < 1; so
does the copra with RCA of 5.54; and palm oil
with RCA of 4.00 while Malaysia is the only
country competitor only has RCA of 2.45. While
the 6 types of 9 types of those commodities,
although they have competitive advantage but
there are still other ASEAN countries which ahead
of Indonesia, namely: (1) Bruney Darussalam is
superior to the commodity of potato with RCA of
7.91; (2) Vietnam is superior to the sweet potato
commodities with the RCA of 4.67; coffee with
RCA of 5.47 and turmeric with RCA of 7,86; (3)
Laos is superior to the sweet potato commodities
with RCA of 66.47; coffee with RCA of 4.62 and
tobacco with RCA of 4.05; (4) Malaysia is
superior to the commodity of cocoa beans with
RCA of 3.28; (5) Philippine is superior to tobacco
with RCA of 5.23. While the other 6 types of
commodities have no competitiveness or RCA<1.
This means that the six types of commodities have
export value which was below the average export
of ASEAN countries.
Based on the explanation as described above , then
the results of the analysis of the export commodity
RCA
Indonesian plantation sub-sector during the 2011-
2014 period of 15 kinds of commodities studied , there
are 9 types of export commodities Indonesian plantation
sub-sector was consistently during this period have
competitiveness in the countries ASEAN.
For the development trend of competitive export
commodity of Indonesian plantation sub-sector during
the period, graphically presented in Fig-1
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Fig-1: Export commodity of Indonesian plantation sub-sector
Furthermore, the countries wich are the main
competitor of export commodities of Indonesia
plantation sub sector of 2011-2014 period can be seen
in Table -2.
The comparison data of this study and previous
one is presented in Table-3.
Table-2: Export commodity of Indonesia plantation sub sector wich have competitiveness in 2011-2014 priod
No HS Code Kinds of commodities 2011 2012 2013 2014
RCA
average per
year
1 '070190 Fresh or chilly potatos)* 1,73 2,14 2,98 3,64 2,62
2 '071420 Fresh or dried sweet potatos, 1,72 1,92 1,81 1,75 1,80
3 '080131
Fresh or dried cashew nuts with shell
mete,)**
5,71 6,48 6,35 4,15 5,67
4 '090111 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated 1,62 1,69 2,15 1,74 1,80
5 '091020 Turmeric)* 1,11 3,00 4,26 4,35 3,18
6 '120300 Copra)* 1,36 3,95 4,39 5,54 3,81
7 '151110 Palm oil, crude)** 4,15 3,86 4,14 4,00 4,04
8 '180100 Cocoa 5,24 4,82 5,46 2,92 4,61
9 '240120 Tobacco, not manufactured )* 1,76 2,08 2,37 2,67 2,22
Source : ITC calculations based on UN COMTRADE statistics. (Processed)
*Kinds of commodities which increase every year during the period
**Kinds of commodities which are superior in ASEAN during the period
Table-3: The comparative os result empirical review
No. Kinds of commodities Average of RCA
Current Research
(2011-2014)
Previous Studies
(1994-2003)
1 Cashew nuts 5,67 14,46
2 Cocoa 4,61 12,20
3 Palm oil 4,04 25,39
4 Copra 3,81 17,28
5 Turmeric 3,18 Not observed
6 Potatoes 2,62 Not observed
7 Tobacco 2,22 0,18
8 Coffee 1,80 5,74
9 Sweet potatoes 1,80 Not observed
Source: ITC calculations based on UN COMTRADE statistics
8. Available Online: http://saspjournals.com/sjebm 582
Based on the discussion above, this study
strengthen the theory put forward by Michael E. Porter
(1990) and Paul Krugman (1980 ) on the Comparative
Advantage of Dynamic that comparative advantage can
be created (created comparatve advantage) or renewed
with physical capital investment (technology) and
human (labor).
The results of the CEP analysis towards the export
commodity of Indonesian plantation sub-sector during
the period 2011-2014 of 15 types of commodities are as
follows:
1. The results of CEP analysis of the export
commodity of Indonesian plantation sub-sector in
2011 show that of 15 types commodities, there are
nine kinds of commodities have a value of CEP > 1
or have a relative advantage. This means that the
value of exports of the nine commodities are in on
average of the world, so it can be used as a
commodity product specialization or export
commodity of Indonesian plantation sub-sector. The
nine types of commodities have CEP value: cassava
(1.71); sweet potato (1.22); cashew nuts with shells
(3.27); coffee (3.53); pepper (1.50); copra (9.93);
palm oil (52.82); cocoa (5.70); and rubber (1.87 ) .
Of the nine types of commodities, there are two
types of the commodities which have the highest
value of CEP: palm oil with CEP of 52.82 and
Copra with CEP of 9.93. While the other 6 types
commodities have no relative advantage or CEP<1.
This means that this commodity has a value of
exports below the average value of exports of the
countries in the world. Thus, this commodity is
recommended not to serve as an export product.
2. The results of CEP analysis on export commodity of
Indonesian plantation sub-sector in 2012, of the 15
kinds of commodities, there are eight types of
commodities have the relative superiority or CEP>1.
This means that commodities have export value
above the average of the world export commodities.
So that these commodities can be used as
specialization products that have CEP: sweet potato
(3.90); cashew nuts with shells (4.82); coffee (5.16);
pepper (1.68); Kopra (25.09); palm oil (48.57);
cocoa beans (3.63) and rubber (2.04). While the
other seven types of commodities have no relative
advantage or value CEP < 1 which means that the
export value of these commoditiea are below the
average value of the similar world export
commodity and therefore can not be used as a
commodity or specialization export product.
3. The results of the CEP analysis of export
commodity of Indonesian plantation sub-sector in
2013, of the 15 kinds of commodities, there are 10
types of commodities that have relative superiority
or CEP>1. This means that the commodities have
export value above the average value of exports of
the world commodities. This means that the
commodities can be used as a specialization product
or Indonesian export commodities. Ten types of
export commodities of Indonesian plantation sub-
sector which have relative advantage or that can be
used as a special product or export commodity of
CEP>1 respectively are: cassava (1.76); sweet
potato (3.64); cashew nuts with shells (4.27); coffee
(6.62); pepper (2.13); copra (19,20); palm oil
(50.62); cocoa beans (5,64); tobacco (1.03) rubber
(1.92). While the other five types of commodities
have no relative advantage or CEP < 1, which
means that this commodity has a value of exports
below the average kind of world export commodity.
These commodities are potatoes, onions, shallots,
cashew nuts without shell, turmeric and corn.
4. The results of the CEP analysis of the export
commodity of Indonesian plantation sub-sector in
2014, of the 15 kinds of commodities, there are 10
kinds of commodities which have the relative
superiority or CEP > 1. This means that the value of
exports of the commodity above the average value
of a kind of world exportcommodity. Thus, these
commodities can be used as a specialization of
Indonesian export products. Ten types of export
commodities of Indonesian plantation sub-sector
have relative advantage or that can be used as a
specialty product or export commodity the CEP > 1
are: sweet potato (3.10); cashew nuts with shells
(3.94); cashew nuts without shell (1.05); coffee
(5.22); pepper (2.72); copra (32.60); palm oil
(46.18); cocoa beans (2,11); tobacco (1.11) and
rubber (1.86). While the other five types of
commodities (as whown in Table 4.2.2.4) do not
have a relative advantage or CEP < 1. This means
that the 5 types of these commodities have export
value was below the average value of the world
export commodities and therefore can not be used as
a specialization of Indonesian export commodities.
The commodities included in this category are:
potatoes with CEP of 0.12; onions and red onions
with CEP 0.10; manioc (cassava) with CEP of 0.92;
turmeric with CEP of 0.18; and corn with CEP of
0.04.
Based on the analysis of the value of commodity
exports CEP sub Indonesian plantation sector as
described above, during the 2011-2014 period in a row,
of the 15 kinds of commodities, there are eight types of
export commodities of Indonesian plantation sub-
sector which have relative advantage or CEP > 1. This
means that the eight types of the commodities can be
used as specialization of export commodities of
Indonesian plantation sub-sector which have CEP
average during this period, namely: sweet potato
(3.10); cashew nuts with shells (3.94); coffee (5.22);
pepper (2.72); copra (32.60); palm oil (46.18); cocoa
9. Available Online: http://saspjournals.com/sjebm 583
beans (2.11) and rubber (1.86). The eight kinds of commodities are presented in Table-4.
Table-4: Commodity of Indonesian Plantation sub-sector wich has reltive advantage in 2011-2014
HS Code Product label
CEP Indonesia
2011 2012 2013 2014
'071420 Sweet potatoes 1,22 3,90 3,64 3,10
'080131
Cashew nut with
shell
3,27 4,82 4,27 3,94
'090111 Coffee 3,53 5,16 6,62 5,22
'090412 Pepper 1,50 1,68 2,13 2,72
'120300 Copra 9,93 25,09 19,21 32,60)*
'151110 Palm oil 52,82 48,57 50,62 46,18)*
'180100 Cocoa 5,70 3,63 5,64 2,11
'400300
Reclaimed rubber
in primary forms
1,87 2,04 1,92 1,86
Source: ITC calculation based on UN COMTRADE Statistics
CONCLUSION
Based on the discussion above, it is
concluded:
The competitiveness of export commodity of
Indonesian plantation sub-sector in the
ASEAN countries 2011-2014, of the 15 types
of commodities, there are 9 types of
commodities that have competitiveness in
ASEAN countries, namely potato, sweet
potato, cashew nuts with shells, coffee,
turmeric, copra, palm oil, cocoa beans and
tobacco, and the two types excel in ASEAN
coutries are palm oil and cashew nuts with
shells.
The export commodity of Indonesian
plantation sub-sector sub Indonesai which can
be used as specialty products are: sweet potato,
cashew nuts with shells, coffee, pepper, copra,
palm oil, cocoa beans , and rubber.
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