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Comparatives and superlatives
- 1. COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES Weuse adjectives to describe things. We can also compare two or more things using adjectives in their comparative and superlative forms. Have a look at this chart to see how we form these comparative and superlative adjectives depending on 2 easy rules and some exceptions. TYPE 1 ADJECTIVE Tall COMPARATIVE Taller SUPERLATIVE The tallest Nicer The nicest bigger The biggest easier The easiest 5 Nice (ends in –e) Big (CVC) Easy (ends in –y) Beautiful More beautiful The most beautiful 6 Good better The best 7 Bad worse The worst 8 Far farther The farthest 9 Far further The furthest 2 3 4 There are two main types of adjectives: short and long: Short adjectives have one or two syllables (short, tall, long, fast, young, old, narrow...) To form the compartive you must add –er in the comparative form and –est in the superlative. Long adjectives have more than two syllables (beautiful, intelligent, interesting, expensive, comfortable...) To form the comparative you add ‘more’ before the adjective to compare and ‘the most’ before the adjective in the superlative form. Exceptions in short adjectives: Type 2: when the adjective ends in ‘e’ you just add ‘r’ or ‘st’ Type 3: whe the adjective finnishes in CVC we double the last consonant Type 4: we transform the ‘y’ into an ‘i’ Types 6 and 7 change the roots of the adjectives. Type 8: when far means distance (kms) the comparative and superlative are spelt with ‘a’ Type 9: when far means time the comparative and superlative are spelt with ‘u’. We form senteces following this pattern: Something + verb To be + comparative + than + something ( Alison is taller than Jane) Somethig + To be + superlative + in the world, in the school, of all, of them... (Alison is the tallest in her class) When A and B are the same we use as...as Paula is as tall as Mara.
- 2. COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES Usamoslos adjetivos para describir cosas. También podemos comparar cosas usando los adjetivos en su forma comparativa y superlativa. Observa este cuadro para ver cómo se forman los adjetivos y superlativos según dos simples reglas y las excepciones. TYPE 1 ADJECTIVE Tall COMPARATIVE Taller SUPERLATIVE The tallest Nicer The nicest bigger The biggest easier The easiest 5 Nice (ends in –e) Big (CVC) Easy (ends in –y) Beautiful More beautiful The most beautiful 6 Good better The best 7 Bad worse The worst 8 Far farther The farthest 9 Far further The furthest 2 3 4 Principalmente los adjetivos de dividen en cortos o largos: Los adjetivos cortos tienen una o dos sílabas (short, tall, long, fast, young, old, narrow...) Se forman añadiendo–er para comparar y –est e el superlativo. Los adjetivos largos tienen dos o más sílabas (beautiful, intelligent, interesting, expensive, comfortable...) y se forman añadiendo ‘more’ delante del adjetivo comparativo y ‘the most’ delante del adjetivo en superlativo. Excepciones: Type 2: Si el adjetivo acaba en ‘e’ añades solo ‘r’ o ‘st’ Type 3: Si el adjetivo acaba en Consonante- Vocal –Consonante doblamos la última consonante Type 4: Cambiamos la ‘y’ por ‘i’ Types 6 and 7 cambia la raíz de la palabra. Type 8: cuando far significa lejos de distancia en kms, se escribe con ‘a’ Type 9: cuando far significa distancia temporal se escribe con ‘u’. Para construir frases usamos este esquema: Algo o alguien + verb To be + comparativo + than + algo o alguien ( Alison is taller than Jane) Algo o alguien + To be + superlative + in the world, in the school, of all, of them... (Alison is the tallest in her class) Cuando A y B son iguales (comparativo de igualdad), usamos as... as Paula is as tall as Mara.
- 3. FORM THE COMPARATIVEAND SUPERLATIVE OF THESE ADJECTIVES: Clever Expensive Tall Bright Interesting Crazy Marvellous Short Heavy Good WRITE SENTENCES USING THE INFORMATION GIVEN (you can write more than one sentence) 1- (Paul 45kg/ Ray 48 kg) 2- (Blue car 300kms/h – Red car 280kms/h) 3- (Film 1 interesting / film 2 boring) 4- (Robert kind / John rude) -
- 4. COMPLETE: ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE Light The most hadsome Slim fatter Thebest richer boring funny prettier The longest Poorer happy darker The most interesting farther interesting The thickest More intelligent Soft TRY TO INVENT SENTENCES USING ALL THESE ADJECTIVES. http://soniasenglishbox.wordpress.com