COMMUNITY PHARMACY

1. Welcome
to our presentation

2. Outline
 Community pharmacy definition
 Scope of Community pharmacy
 Roles and responsibilities of community pharmacist
 Community health care
 Different levels of health care
 Sectors of health care delivery system
 Community pharmacy in dealing with communicable
disease problems
 Infrastructure management
 NGO as partner in health care delivery

3. A community pharmacy, often referred to as retail
pharmacy or retail drug outlets, is places where
medicines are stored and dispensed, supplied or
sold.

4. The general population usually calls community
pharmacies "medical stores." Pharmacists working
in the community practice setting are either
diploma pharmacists or graduate pharmacists with
D.Pharm& B. Pharm degrees.

5. Community pharmacy
A community pharmacy is a pharmacy that deals directly
with people in the local area. It has responsibilities
including compounding, counseling, checking and dispensing
of prescription drugs to the patients with care, accuracy,
and legality.
Community pharmacy means any place under the direct
supervision of a pharmacist where the practice of pharmacy
occurs or where prescription orders are compounded and
dispensed other than a hospital pharmacy or a limited
service pharmacy.

6. Scope of Community pharmacy
 In processing prescriptions
 Clinical pharmacy
 Patient care
 Drug monitoring
 Extemporaneous preparation
 Alternative medicines
 Checking symptoms of minor aliments
 Health care professionals

7. Roles and responsibilities of community pharmacist
 Dispensing prescription medicines to the public
 Ensuring that different treatments are compatible
 Checking dosage and ensuring that medicines are correctly
and safely supplied and labeled Supervising the preparation
of any medicines
 Keeping a register of controlled drugs for legal and stock
control purposes
 Liaising with doctors about prescriptions
 Selling over-the-counter medicines
Continue….

8. Roles and responsibilities of community pharmacist
 Counseling and advising the public on the treatment of
minor ailments
 Advising patients of any adverse side-effects of medicines
 Measuring and fitting compression hosiery.
 Monitoring blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
 Offering a diabetes screening service.
 Arranging the delivery of prescription medicines to patients.
 Managing, supervising and training pharmacy support staff.
 Budgeting and financial management.
 Keeping up to date with current pharmacy practice, new
drugs and their uses.

9. Community health care
Community health refers to the health Status of the members of
the community, to the problems affecting their health and to
the totality of health care provided to the community.
Healthcare needs are defined as such a need is one related to
the treatment, control or prevention of a disease, illness, injury
or disability and the CARE or aftercare of a person with these
needs.

10. Levels of health care
1. Primary health care
2. Secondary level health care
3. Tertiary level health care

12. 1. Primary health care
 This is the first level of contact between the recipient of
care and the health care delivery system. Majority of the
problems at this level are solved by the people with some
assistance and guidance of health workers.
 In rural area these services are given by the means of sub
centres, Primary Healthcare Center (PHC) and Community
Health Centre (CHC).
 In urban areas these services are given by maternal child
health and family welfare centres and dispensaries.

13. Elements of primary health care:
 Education to the people concerning prevailing health
problems and methods of preventing and controlling
them.
 Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition
 Adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation
 Maternal and child health care and family planning
 Immunization against the major infectious diseases.
 Prevention and control of locally endemic disease
 Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injury
 Provision of essential drugs.

15. Principles of primary health care
 Equitable distribution
 Coverage and accessibility
 Community participation
 Multi-sectoral approach
 Appropriate health technology:
 Human resource
 Services by community health worker
 Referral system
 Logistics of supply

16. • Equitable distribution:
It means primary health care services must be share equally by all the people.
• Coverage and accessibility:
Primary health care aims to provide health care to all the population living in
any geographical area.
• Community participation:
Community participation is the process by which individuals and families assume
responsibilities for their own health and welfare and for those of the community
and develops the capacity to contribute to their and country’s development.
• Multi-sectoral approach:
For achieving the goals co-ordination with the other sectors is necessary
because no sector can achieve its goals in isolation.

17. • Appropriate health technology:
It implies the use of methods, techniques and equipment which are
scientifically sound but simple.
• Human resource:
For the effective implementation of primary health care, it is essential to
make full use of all the available resources including the human potential
of all the country.
• Services by community health worker:
Community health workers form a link between the community people
and the health system. They are given short and simple training to be able
to take care of the simple and basic health needs of the people

18. • Referral system:
The patients with severe condition unable to treat at the primary
level should be referred to the higher/ specialized center for the
proper treatment.
• Logistics of supply:
It includes planning and budgeting of the supplies required,
procurement or manufacture, storage, distribution and control.

19. 2. Secondary level health care
 At this level more complex problems are taken care
mostly which require secondary level of preventive
services and curative services.
 These services are provided at district health
centres/ hospitals.
 Those cases which cannot be handled at PHC or CHC
are referred to district health centres.

20. (a)District Health system: This system mainly focus on child
health and maternity care. Healthcare centers receive
referrals from various primary health care. District hospitals
include emergency services, neonatal care, comprehensive
emergency obstetric etc. and is remain open for 24 hours
every day.
(b) County Health system: Into this system, hospitals receive
referrals from the District & community health
County hospital provides gynecologic services,
systems.
general
medicine, obstetrics, general surgery etc. and is remain open
for 24 hours every day.

21. 3. Tertiary level health care
 This level of health care is provided at the state/
regional/central level institutions.
 These institutions serve as a referral units for primary
and secondary levels.
 They also serve as a teaching institution for
education and training of various categories of health
care professionals.
Cont…

22.  This type of healthcare is known as specialized consultative
healthcare usually for inpatients and on referral from primary
and secondary healthcare for advanced medical investigation
and treatment. following examples of tertiary care services
are plastic surgery, burn treatment, cardiac surgery, cancer
management, neurosurgery, complex medical and surgical
interventions etc.
 The main provider of tertiary care is national Health system
consist of Regional hospitals and National Hospital. Regional
hospitals receive a reference from various county hospitals
and serves as training sites complementary to the National
referral hospital. It also provides additional care services and
remains open for 24 hours every day

23. Sectors of health care delivery system
1. Public Health Sector:
a) Primary Health Centre
b) Hospitals/ health centers
c) Health insurance schemes
2. Private Sector
a) Private hospitals, polyclinics, Nursing homes, dispensaries.
b) General Practitioners & clinics
3. Indigenous system of Medicine
a) Unani, Ayurveda, Homiopathy.
4. Voluntary Health Agencies
5. National Health Program etc.

24. Community pharmacy in dealing with communicable
disease problems
“Transmitted from one person to another person or from a
reservoir to a susceptible host.” is known as Communicable
disease. e.g.: Tuberculosis etc.
In prophylaxis and health promotion- The pharmacist can
take part in health promotion campaigns, locally and
nationally, on a wide range of health related topics, and
particularly on drug-related topics (e.g., rational use of
drugs, alcohol abuse, tobacco use, discouragement of drug
use during pregnancy, organic solvent abuse, poison
prevention) or topics concerned with other health problems
(diarrheal diseases, tuberculosis, leprosy, HIV-
infection/AIDS) and family planning.

25. Community health nurses play an important role with
regarded to all population at risk for communicable
disease:
 Recognize who at risk
 Where the reservoirs and source of infectious
disease agents are located
 What environmental factors promote the spread
 What comprise the characteristic of vulnerability of
community member and groups-particularly those
subject to intervention.

26. Community pharmacy in dealing with nutritional problem
▶ Nutritional imbalance
▶ Maternal nutritional anemia;
▶ Protein energy malnutrition;
▶ Vitamin A deficiency;
▶ Lactation failure;
▶ Addiction to milk feeding; and
▶ Inadequate preparation and use of artificial milk products.

27. Infrastructure management
Selection of site
 Site is well connected with various modes of transport.
 Surroundings should be good; no congestion of traffic.
 Site of the plot has a sufficient scope for expansion

28. Layout of store
 Flexibility in arrangement
 Convenience in physical counting of materials
 Items used sparingly should be easy to locate
 Efficient protection against deterioration & pilferage of materials.
 Better stock control but minimum routine work like record
maintenance etc.
 Efficient use of floor space & height
 Safety from hazards, insurance etc.
 Proper illumination & ventilation
 Shelves & bins should not be very deep
 Minimum handling & transportation of materials

29. Layout of store

30. Objectives of layout plan
 T
o attract maximum customers
 To increase purchase from each customer
 To improve general appearance &
professional image
 To maximize utilization of space
 To reduce pilferage, theft & provides
surveillance
 To control movement inside the store.
Storage conditions Temperature
in oC
cold temperature 2 to 8
Cool temperature 8 to 25
Room temperature 25 to 30
Warm temperature 30 to 40
Excessive heat Above 40
Controlled room
temperature
15 to 30
Freezer -20 to -10
Dry place 40% average
relative
humidity

31. NGO as partner in health care delivery
 Bangladesh Gonoshasthaya Kendra
 BRAC
 Acid Survivors Foundation
 Bangladesh Rehabilitation Centre for Trauma Victims
 CARE International
 Population Services International (PSI)

32. NGO’s participation as partner in health care
 Health Education
 Clinic Services.
 Water and sanitation
 Nutrition
 Communicable diseases
Family planning nearly half (42%) had targeted the poor as
their main beneficiaries. Followed by Mothers, youth and
general public.

33.  https://www.slideshare.net/sonushanno/community-pharmacy-64829089
 https://www.slideshare.net/maheswarijaikumar/intro-to-community-health-
concepts
 https://www.slideshare.net/SharnjeetKaur/primary-health-care-53858592
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_non-
governmental_organisations_in_Bangladesh
 https://www.slideshare.net/prkppt/communicable-disease-85471063
 https://www.slideshare.net/aishuanju/cpm-ppt-62330335
Reference