The document discusses various communicative strategies for effective interaction, including nomination, restriction, turn-taking, topic control, topic shifting, repair, and termination. These strategies help facilitate conversations by managing topics, ensuring participation, addressing communication issues, and guiding the flow of dialogue. Examples are provided for each strategy to illustrate their application in real-world scenarios.

2. • How would you describe the atmosphere before
the interaction among the group began?
• How did Anne begin the conversation? What was
the topic of the conversation?
• When did the shift in topic happen? What
expression was used to make the shift? What was
the next topic of the conversation?

3. COMMUNICATIVE
STRATEGIES

4. Communicative strategies are plans, ways or
means of sharing information that are
adopted to achieve a particular social,
political, psychological, or linguistic purpose.
Cohen (1990) states that it is bound by implicit
rules that requires strategies to be able to
start and maintain conversation.
COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES

5. A. NOMINATION
• A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and
productively establish a topic.
• This strategy is used to open a topic and start a conversation. It
is usually employed at the beginning of interaction to set the
purpose of conversation. One may start off with making
inquiries, giving compliment, asking for opinion, or offering
help.
Examples:
“I saw your TikTok post on Facebook. It’s really great.”
“What can you say about our new plan for the project? Do you think
it will work?”

6. B. RESTRICTION
• Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may
have as a speaker.
• It is a strategy used when responses need to be within the set
categories or instructions. These instructions confine you as a
speaker and limit what you can say.
Examples:
• In your class, you might be asked by your teacher to deliver a
speech on digital natives. In this case, you cannot decide to talk
about something else.

7. C. TURN-TAKING
• It pertains to the process by which people decide who takes
the conversational floor.
• Turn-taking strategy allows all participants in the conversation
a chance to speak. One can use this strategy to avoid taking
over the whole conversation.

8. C. TURN-TAKING
Example:
• A teacher initiates a class discussion about a recent current
event. Student A shares their initial thoughts, followed by
Student B who offers a contrasting perspective. The teacher
then interjects to clarify a point and encourage further
discussion.
Spoken cues such as “What do you think?” or “You wanted to say
something?” provide others a chance to speak. Pausing is a
nonverbal cue that will do as well.

9. D. TOPIC CONTROL
• Topic control covers how procedural formality or
informality affects the development of topic in
conversations.
• This is a strategy used when there is a need to control and
prevent unnecessary interruptions and topic shifts in a
certain conversation.
• Using this strategy makes the conversation to stay focused
on the topic throughout the discussion and keeps the
development of the topic going by asking questions.

10. D. TOPIC CONTROL
Example:
• A group project meeting is getting sidetracked by a discussion
about a recent TV show.
Expressions like “Okay, so much for that… “Let's go back to the topic.”
and “Going back to what we are talking about…” can be used to
keep the conversation within the topic when there is a
sudden shift.

11. E. TOPIC SHIFTING
• Topic shifting involves moving from one topic to another.
• This strategy is used to change the topic to a new one which
helps communication keep going.
Example:
In a report presentation you may use expressions like “Moving on to
the next topic…”, “Now, let’s talk about…”, “This time, let me tell you
about…”

12. F. REPAIR
• Repair refers to how speakers address the problems in
speaking, listening, and comprehending that they
encounter in a conversation.
• Repair is the self-righting mechanism in any social
interaction (Schegloff et. al, 1977). We can employ this
strategy whenever we encounter problems in
communication to prevent a breakdown

13. F. REPAIR
• Repair refers to how speakers address the problems in
speaking, listening, and comprehending that they encounter in
a conversation.
• Repair is the self-righting mechanism in any social interaction
(Schegloff et. al, 1977). We can employ this strategy whenever
we encounter problems in communication to prevent a
breakdown.
• Repair may also include addressing physical and physiological
issues affecting communication.

14. F. REPAIR
• Speaker may use recasting or changing the form of message
to a more understandable one using the following
expressions:
“What I mean is….” “What I am trying to say is that…”
• The speaker may repeat his/her statements using the
following expressions:
“Let me repeat myself.” “Again…” “I would like to reiterate that…”
Examples:

15. F. REPAIR
Repair strategies also include requesting clarification or making a
clarifying question, request for repetition, and request for
definition, translation or explanation.
• “Does it mean that we do not need to come to school if there are
no face-to-face classes?”
• “Can you please repeat the last part of the instructions?”
• “Doc, can you please explain what a ferritin test is?”
Examples:

16. G. TERMINATION
• Termination refers to the conversation participants’ close-
initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation.
• This strategy is used to end an interaction or close a topic.
Examples:
One may use the following expressions to end a conversation:
• “It’s nice catching up with you. I must be going.”
• “Thanks for your time. See you around.”
• “Regards to your mom. See you soon.”

17. QUIZ NO. 2

19. PERFORMANCE
TASK

21. THANK YOU