The document discusses three communication models: 1) The linear model presents a one-way flow of information from sender to receiver with no feedback. The Shannon-Weaver model is an example. 2) The interactive model shows a two-way process with feedback. The Schramm model added feedback to the Shannon-Weaver model. 3) The transactional model presents communication as a simultaneous two-way process where senders and receivers can exchange messages anytime. The helical model similarly shows communication as an evolving process that depends on past experiences.

1. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Know the communication models;
• understand how each model works and;
• Differentiate the three according to its
context/use.

2. COMMUNICATION
MODELS

3. A. Linear Model

4. The linear communication model presents
communication as a one-way activity in which
information flows from the sender to the receiver.
This process shows only a passive receiver.
Feedback is not a requirement, and the role of the
receiver is only to accept information.

5. Shannon-Weaver Model

6. An example of linear type of communication is the
Shannon-Weaver model (1949). It is also
considered as the mother of all communication
models. It has a one-way process starting from a
source (producer of message); passing through a
channel (signals adapted for transmission) which
may at times be interrupted by noise (barrier) to a
receiver (decoder of message from the signal).
The process stops after the message has arrived
at its destination.

7. 1. listening to the radio
2. watching the news on
television
Examples:

8. B. Interactive Model

9. The interactive communication model shows a
two-way activity. The sender and the receiver
have the same role in the activity: either one
comes up with an idea, sends a message, and
reacts to a concept. The model involves
feedback, an element missing from the linear
communication model. It may also include noise,
an element that affects the interpretation of the
message.

10. Schramm Model

11. Schramm (1954) visualized the process of
communication as an exchange of thoughts and ideas.
Feedback was added to the Shannon-Weaver model.
The recipient of the message decodes it and creates a
feedback based on his understanding of the
information sent and vice versa.
The figure identifies the six elements of communication
which are the sender, the message sent, the receiver
and the feedback provided by the receiver and sent
back as a response to the sender and the processes of
encoding and decoding.

12. 1. Telephone Conversation
2. Interview
3. Casual Conversation
Examples:

13. C. Transactional Model

14. The transactional model presents
communication not only as a two-way process but
also a simultaneous activity. Senders and
receivers are called participants since they are
both capable of sending or receiving messages
anytime or at the same time.
The noise and the environment are the other
elements that affect the process. The noise is any
distraction that affects the interpretation of the
message.

15. In this concept, the noise or barrier to
communication is also taken into
consideration for it may directly or
indirectly affect the smooth flow of
communication. In the event that the
message was not clearly conveyed due to
the barrier, the communication continues
in order to clarify the intended meaning of
the sender.

16. Helical Model

17. The helical model has basic elements that are
similar to the other communication models.
However, unlike those models, it promotes an
upward and forward movement. It shows that
knowledge increases as the interaction goes on.
Also, the helical model proposes that
communication starts at birth and evolves as one
grows up, and that one's responses depend on
past experiences. So, there is not only a forward
movement in the process but also some looking
back involved.

18. 1. The learning of a new word
Example:

19. QUESTIONS???

20. ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION

21. The participants are the communicators
who can be both senders and receivers. A
sender transmits the information to the
receiver, and the receiver decodes the
message in order to formulate a response.
Participants

22. Context refers to the interrelated conditions affecting
the message. These include physical, social,
psychological, and cultural factors.
Physical context refers to the place, time,
environment, and distance between
communicators. Social context refers to the
relationship of the communicators,
whereas psychological context refers to their moods
and feelings. Cultural context includes the beliefs and
norms of the participants.
Context

23. The main point of having communication is
the message. The message is the idea or
information that the sender would like to
convey to the receiver. It is thus important
that the message is stated clearly and in a
way that is understandable to the receiver.
Message

24. The channel is the means of delivering
the message. It can be a face-to-face
conversation, a letter, a phone call, an e-
mail, or the social media.
Channel

25. The feedback is the response of the
receiver. This helps the sender of the
message to determine whether the
message was understood by the receiver. If
the participants of the conversation
continue giving feedback, the flow of
communication continues.
Feedback

26. QUESTIONS???