Communicable disease list

Gyandeep AcademyArun Patidar (M.Pharm.) Contact:+919826672215, +919644067667
Opp. Pushpshree hospital Nemawar road Navlakha, Indore arunpatidar21@gmail.com
Communicable Disease
S.
No.
Name of
Disease
Causative
agents
Signs and symptoms Mode of Transmission Prevention
1 Respiratory
infections:
Chicken pox
varicella-
zoster virus
(VZ Virus)
nausea, loss of appetite, aching
muscles, and headache, oral
sores, malaise, fever, external
rash
inhalation of airborne
droplets & direct contact
of weeping lesions &
contaminated linens
Notification,
avoid contact,
Vaccination ,
Patient isolated until all lesions crusted over and
dry.
2 Measles
(rubeola, hard
measles)
measles virus fevers, cough, sneezing,
and conjunctivitis (red eyes) ,
Fever is common and typically
lasts for about one week; the fever
seen with measles is often as high
as 40 °C (104 °F)
Droplets infection
& direct contact.
Through coughs,
sneezes and saliva of
those infected.
Hand washing ,
Notification,
avoid contact,
MMR vaccination
3 Influenza
(flu)
(Swine flu)
influenza
viruses
(H1N1)
Symptoms of the flu include fever,
headache, fatigue, cough, sore
throat, runny or stuffy nose, body
aches, diarrhea and vomiting
(more common among children
than adults).
Direct contact especially
in crowded areas via
airborne.
Through
coughs and sneezes of
those infected
Avoid close contact with people who are sick, stay
home when you are sick,
Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or
sneeze,
Wash your hands, avoid touching your eyes, nose
or mouth,
Drink plenty of fluids.

4 Diphtheria Corynebacteri
um diphtheria
Diphtheriais a
serious bacterial
infection that affects
the mucous
membranes of the
throat and nose.
sore throat, swollen neck
glands,discharge from the
nose, damaging nerves or the
heart, skin infections, usually in
people with poor health or poor
hygiene. uneasiness or
discomfort
Droplet infection, Direct
contact or through the
air,
Spread by contaminated
objects.
Notification,
Isolation,
Exclusion of contact form crowded areas, DTP
Vaccine.
5 whooping
cough
( pertussis)
Bordetella
pertussis
runny nose,
sneezing,
mild cough,
low-grade fever
Droplet infection, Direct
contact with cough
or sneeze of infected
people.
Notification, Isolation, Exclusion of contact form
crowded areas, DTP Vaccine.
6 Tuberculosis
(TB)
Mycobacteriu
m tuberculosis
chest pain,
cough up blood,
fever, chills, night sweats, loss of
appetite, weight loss, and fatigue
Droplet infection,
cough, sneeze, or
otherwise transmit
respiratory fluids
through the air.
Notification,
Isolation of Patients,
Mask,
Proper disposal of sputum, Exclusion of contact
form crowded areas, BCG Vaccine.
7 Intestinal
infections:
Poliomyelitis
poliovirus  Affects the central nervous
system (brain and spinal cord), and
is divided into nonparalytic and
paralytic forms,
 Discomfort or uneasiness
(malaise),
 Direct person-to-person
contact,
 Contact with infected
mucus from the nose or
mouth,
 Contact with infected
Vaccination,
Notification,
Proper disposal of urine & feces,
Protection of water sources, Fly control.

 Headache, Red throat, Slight fever,
Sore throat, Vomiting
feces
8 Hepatitis HepatitisA, B, D Acute hepatitis
:malaise, muscleand joint
aches, fever, nausea or vomiting, d
iarrhea, and headache.
Chronic hepatitis may cause
nonspecific symptoms such as
malaise, tiredness, and weakness,
and often leads to no symptoms at
all.
Fecal-oral route,
Contaminated Syrings &
needles,
Blood Transfusion,
Tattooting etc.
 Avoidance of contact with blood and body fluids
of all persons.
 Practice safe sex
 Vaccination, Handwashing
 Only use clean syringes that have not been used
by anyone else
 Do not share toothbrushes, razors, or manicure
instruments
 Tell the partner if you are a carrier or try to find
out whether he/she is a carrier
9 Cholera Vibrio
cholerae
Watery diarrhea, vomiting,
dehydration. Dry mucous
membranes,
including the inside of the mouth,
throat, nose, and eyelids,
Low blood pressure, Muscle
cramps
It is spread mostly by
water and food that has
been contaminated
with human feces,
Insufficiently
cooked seafood is a
common source.
Poor sanitation.
Vaccination,
Notification, Isolation of Patients,
Protection of water sources,
Flies control,
Sewage treatment.
10 Typhoid Salmonella
typhi
High fever ,
Weakness,
It is spread mostly by
water and food that has
Vaccination,
Notification,

abdominal pain,
constipation,
headaches.
been contaminated with
feces & urine, flies, poor
hygiene habits and
public sanitation
Flies control,
Sanitation and hygiene
11 Food
poisoning
(Acute gastro-
enteritis)
contaminated
food or drink
Diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration,
Low blood pressure, Muscle
cramps
Ingestion of
contaminated food or
drink contaminated with
microbes or their toxins
Food Sanitation.
Protection and Covering.
Refrigeration.
Discard if contaminated.
Antitoxin.
12 Hookworm
infection
parasitic bloo
dsucking
roundworm
(Ancylostoma
duodenale and
Necator
americanus)
itchiness and a small rash, diarrhea
, Other symptoms include:
abdominal pain, intestinal cramps,
nausea, fever, blood in your stool,
appetite loss, itchy rash
Contaminated soil with
feces, larvae enters
through skine of legs,
Fruits & vegetables
contaminated with
larvae, larvae enters
alimentary canal through
trachea and throat.
 Do not defecate in the open, but rather
in toilets.
 Do not use untreated human excreta or
raw sewage as fertilizer in agriculture
 Do not walk barefoot in known infected areas.
 Deworm pet dogs and cats.
Health Education.
13 Arthropod
borne
infections:
plague
Yersinia pestis Fever, inflammation & swelling of
lymph nodes,
 discomfort or uneasiness (malaise)
Headache,
droplet contact : coughing
or sneezing on another
person,
soil contamination,
airborne transmission,
Notification & Isolation of Patients, Vaccination,
Flies control,

contaminated food or
water sources,
insects or other animals.
Sanitation and hygiene.
14 Malaria Malaria is caused by
the bites from the
female Anopheles m
osquito, which then
infects the body
with the parasite:
Plasmodium
falciparum
P. vivax
P. ovale
P. malariae
 Fever and chills
 Impaired consciousness
 Prostration
 Multiple convulsions
 Deep breathing and respiratory
distress
 Abnormal bleeding, such as
anemia
 Clinical jaundice and evidence
of vital organ dysfunction.
Disease is transmitted by
the biting of mosquitos.
Notification & Isolation of Patients, medications,
mosquito elimination (DDT),
mosquito nets,
Health Education.
15 Filariasis roundworms:
Wucherria
bancrofti,
W. malayi
 Swelling of legs, Fever,
 lymphadenopathy,
Testicular and/or inguinal pain
 Skin exfoliation,
 Limb or genital swelling
These are spread by
blood-feeding black
flies and mosquitoes.
Notification & Isolation of Patients, Methods used
to prevent malaria include medications,
mosquito elimination (DDT),
mosquito nets,
Health Education.
16 Surface
infections:
Rabies
Rabies Virus
(RNA Virus)
Fever, violent movements,
uncontrolled excitement,
fear of water,
an inability to move parts of the
Rabies is spread when an
infected animal scratches
or bites another animal or
human (Saliva).
Dogs are the most
 Vaccinating dogs, cats, and ferrets against
rabies
 Keeping pets under supervision
 Not handling wild animals or strays (infected)

body, confusion,
Loss of consciousness.
common animal involved.  Treatment
 Health Education
17 Trachoma Chlamydia
trachomatis
The infection causes
a roughening of the
inner surface of the
eyelids. This
roughening can lead
to pain in the eyes,
breakdown of the
outer surface
or cornea of the
eyes, and
possibly blindness.
 Eye discharge
 Swollen eyelids
 Trichiasis (turned-in
eyelashes)
 Swelling of lymph nodes in
front of the ears
 Sensitivity to bright lights
 Increased heart rate
 Further ear, nose and throat
complications.
Spreading through
contact with the eyes,
eyelids, and nose or
throat secretions of
infected people
Notification &Isolation of Patients, Environmental
improvement,
Modifications in water use,
flies control, latrine use,
health education,
Proximity to domesticated animals have all been
proposed to reduce transmission of
C. trachomatis.
18 Tetanus Clostridium
tetani
Spasms in the jaw
muscles, excessive sweating,
fever, hand or foot spasms,
irritability,
difficulty
swallowing, suffocation, heart
attack, breathing
problems, irregular heartbeat
The disease does not
spread between people,
The rough surface of
rusty metal merely
provides a prime habitat
for C. tetani endospores
Sanitation and hygiene,
Immunization with tetanus vaccine.
Treatment and cleaning of all wounds.

19 Leprosy Mycobacterium
leprae
Leprosy is primarily
a granulomatous disease of
the peripheral
nerves and mucosa of the upper
respiratory tract, skin lesions (light
or dark patches) are the primary
external sign.
If untreated, leprosy can progress
and cause permanent damage to
the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes.
Transmission of leprosy
occurs during close
contact with those who
are
infected.Transmission is
believed to be by nasal
droplets.
Fomites, sometime
droplet infection.
Early detection of the disease is important.
Medications can decrease the risk of those living
with people with leprosy.
Isolation.
Rehabilization.
Treatment with Dapsone.
20 Sexually
transmitted
diseases:
Syphilis
Tropenema
pallidum
Hard sore in the penis or vulva.
Enlargement of heart and blood
vessels.
Blindness, deafness,
paralysis,sterility.
Direct Sexual contact.
From mother to child
during pregnancy.
Early detection (Notification),
Isolation of Patients..
avoiding sexual contact,
Use contraceptive devices like Nirodh.
Treatment (PAM),
Health Education.
Rehabilization.
21 Gonorrhoea Neisseria
gonorrhoeae
Inflammation of urethra, painful
micturition,
Ophthalmia,
Endocardities,
Arthrititis,
Rarely from infected
towels, bed cloths etc.
Early detection (Notification),
Isolation of Patients.
Avoiding sexual contact.
Use contraceptive devices like Nirodh.
Treatment (penicillins),

Health Education. Rehabilization.
22 AIDS
(Slim disease)
HIV
(retrovirus)
Decrease immune system.
Life threatening infections.
Neurological disease.
Malignancies
Contaminated Syringes
& needles.
Blood Transfusion.
From mother to child
during pregnancy
 Tell the partner if you are a carrier or try to find
out whether he/she is a carrier
 Practice safe sex
 Only use clean syringes that have not been used
by anyone else
 Do not share razors, or manicure instruments.
 use contraceptive devices like Nirodh.
 Treatment (Azidothymidine).
 Health Education.
 Rehabilization.

Communicable disease list

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