The document summarizes a study investigating a novel complex derived from natural polymers, peptides, and moisturizing agents (ALH4B) and its ability to strengthen hair and protect against damage from bleaching. Results showed that after bleaching, hair treated with ALH4B exhibited reduced damage, increased tensile strength and sensory properties compared to untreated hair. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated ALH4B forms a permeable scaffold on hair through non-covalent interactions, protecting the cuticle during bleaching without preventing small molecule penetration needed for dyeing. The study demonstrates ALH4B's potential to strengthen hair and guard against bleaching damage without compromising efficacy.
Synthetic compounds on hair by using FTIRLot Kubur
This document summarizes the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze hair samples for forensic purposes. It discusses the role of hair in investigations, how FTIR can be used to determine the chemical composition of hair through a small sample size, and the typical morphological and chemical composition of hair. It then outlines five common chemical treatments for hair - dye, bleaching, waxing, straightening, and chlorine oxidation - and how they affect the molecular structure and can be detected using FTIR. The document concludes that FTIR is an important forensic technique that can reveal differences in hair samples due to chemical damage, weathering, and cosmetic treatments.
This document discusses hair coloring and provides information on why people color their hair, hair structure, texture, density, porosity, gray hair percentage, and color theory. It explains that hair coloring is both an art and a science. Key factors to consider when coloring hair include the hair's texture, density, porosity, natural level or darkness, base color, tone, and percentage of gray hair. Understanding color theory including primary colors, secondary colors, complementary colors, and how they interact is also important for achieving the desired hair coloring results.
This document provides learning objectives and information about haircoloring. It begins by listing reasons people color their hair and factors that affect haircolor results like porosity and melanin. It describes the level system, primary/secondary/tertiary colors, tone, intensity, and categories of haircolor. It explains the role of hydrogen peroxide and how lighteners work. It provides steps for haircolor formulation, application, and special techniques like highlighting. The document is a thorough overview of haircoloring fundamentals and procedures.
This study examined the effects of hair cosmetics on human hair morphology using an electron microscope. Hair samples were treated with chemicals like alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, vinegar, and lemon juice then compared microscopically. The study found that alcohol, hydrogen peroxide and lemon juice accelerated hair weathering by damaging cuticle cell layers. Vinegar did not affect hair morphology. This was a pilot study that provided an inquiry-based learning experience about using electron microscopy to analyze hair, though more research is needed to draw definitive conclusions.
These independent clinical studies were conducted at top research centers and found that MONAT ingredient users experienced significant hair growth, decreased thinning and hair fallout, increased hair density and rate of growth, and improved hair shine and condition, with no serious adverse side effects reported. The studies evaluated individual ingredients including Capixyl, Procataline, Crodasorb, and Rejuveniqe through protocols involving hair counts, microscopy, and physical property tests. Results demonstrated hair growth promotion, protection from UV damage and oxidative stress, reduced hair breakage, and shine enhancement.
The document summarizes the structure of hair and the hair growth cycle. It discusses the two main parts of hair structure - the hair root and hair shaft. The hair root contains the hair follicle, bulb, dermal papilla and other structures. The hair shaft has three layers - cuticle, cortex and medulla. It then explains the four phases of the hair growth cycle - anagen, catagen, telogen and exogen. The anagen phase is the growth phase that can last 2-7 years. This is followed by the transitional catagen phase and resting telogen phase, before the old hair sheds in exogen phase. The document also summarizes three research articles on related topics.
This document discusses the structure, composition, and chemistry of human hair. It provides details on the three layers of hair, the proteins and bonds that make up its structure, and how processes like shampooing, perming, bleaching, and hair dye work at a molecular level. The key points are:
- Hair is made of three layers - the cuticle, cortex, and medulla. The cortex contains alpha-keratin proteins that give hair its strength and elasticity.
- Hair is mostly made of keratin proteins composed of amino acid chains linked by hydrogen, salt, cystine, and sugar bonds that influence hair properties.
- Shampoo uses surfactants like
Different types of hair to make hair extensions——Tyhermenlisahairty hermenlisa
Both human and synthetic hair extensions are available, and both come in a variety of colors, textures, styles, and lengths. Each type has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Natural or human hair extensions are usually significantly more expensive than their synthetic counterparts, though they are typically considered to be of higher quality.
Synthetic compounds on hair by using FTIRLot Kubur
This document summarizes the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze hair samples for forensic purposes. It discusses the role of hair in investigations, how FTIR can be used to determine the chemical composition of hair through a small sample size, and the typical morphological and chemical composition of hair. It then outlines five common chemical treatments for hair - dye, bleaching, waxing, straightening, and chlorine oxidation - and how they affect the molecular structure and can be detected using FTIR. The document concludes that FTIR is an important forensic technique that can reveal differences in hair samples due to chemical damage, weathering, and cosmetic treatments.
This document discusses hair coloring and provides information on why people color their hair, hair structure, texture, density, porosity, gray hair percentage, and color theory. It explains that hair coloring is both an art and a science. Key factors to consider when coloring hair include the hair's texture, density, porosity, natural level or darkness, base color, tone, and percentage of gray hair. Understanding color theory including primary colors, secondary colors, complementary colors, and how they interact is also important for achieving the desired hair coloring results.
This document provides learning objectives and information about haircoloring. It begins by listing reasons people color their hair and factors that affect haircolor results like porosity and melanin. It describes the level system, primary/secondary/tertiary colors, tone, intensity, and categories of haircolor. It explains the role of hydrogen peroxide and how lighteners work. It provides steps for haircolor formulation, application, and special techniques like highlighting. The document is a thorough overview of haircoloring fundamentals and procedures.
This study examined the effects of hair cosmetics on human hair morphology using an electron microscope. Hair samples were treated with chemicals like alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, vinegar, and lemon juice then compared microscopically. The study found that alcohol, hydrogen peroxide and lemon juice accelerated hair weathering by damaging cuticle cell layers. Vinegar did not affect hair morphology. This was a pilot study that provided an inquiry-based learning experience about using electron microscopy to analyze hair, though more research is needed to draw definitive conclusions.
These independent clinical studies were conducted at top research centers and found that MONAT ingredient users experienced significant hair growth, decreased thinning and hair fallout, increased hair density and rate of growth, and improved hair shine and condition, with no serious adverse side effects reported. The studies evaluated individual ingredients including Capixyl, Procataline, Crodasorb, and Rejuveniqe through protocols involving hair counts, microscopy, and physical property tests. Results demonstrated hair growth promotion, protection from UV damage and oxidative stress, reduced hair breakage, and shine enhancement.
The document summarizes the structure of hair and the hair growth cycle. It discusses the two main parts of hair structure - the hair root and hair shaft. The hair root contains the hair follicle, bulb, dermal papilla and other structures. The hair shaft has three layers - cuticle, cortex and medulla. It then explains the four phases of the hair growth cycle - anagen, catagen, telogen and exogen. The anagen phase is the growth phase that can last 2-7 years. This is followed by the transitional catagen phase and resting telogen phase, before the old hair sheds in exogen phase. The document also summarizes three research articles on related topics.
This document discusses the structure, composition, and chemistry of human hair. It provides details on the three layers of hair, the proteins and bonds that make up its structure, and how processes like shampooing, perming, bleaching, and hair dye work at a molecular level. The key points are:
- Hair is made of three layers - the cuticle, cortex, and medulla. The cortex contains alpha-keratin proteins that give hair its strength and elasticity.
- Hair is mostly made of keratin proteins composed of amino acid chains linked by hydrogen, salt, cystine, and sugar bonds that influence hair properties.
- Shampoo uses surfactants like
Different types of hair to make hair extensions——Tyhermenlisahairty hermenlisa
Both human and synthetic hair extensions are available, and both come in a variety of colors, textures, styles, and lengths. Each type has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Natural or human hair extensions are usually significantly more expensive than their synthetic counterparts, though they are typically considered to be of higher quality.
These independent clinical studies conducted at top research centers found that MONAT ingredient users experienced significant hair growth, decreased thinning and hair fallout, increased density and fullness, and improved hair shine and condition, with no serious adverse side effects reported. The document then provides details on individual clinical studies conducted on ingredients including Capixyl, Procataline, and Crodasorb, finding benefits such as increased hair growth rates and decreased hair loss.
A comprehensive guide for salon professionals to understanding and providing hair care to cancer survivors. The presentation includes essential information about hair and scalp (including ethnic differences), the effects of cancer treatments on hair, hair analysis and correct treatment of post-cancer hair, as well as coloring, perming, texturizing, and straightening hair after cancer.
HAIR DAMAGE: CAUSES, PREVENTION AND CURESDr. Ali Syed
Hair damage occurs when the hair structures like the cuticle, cortex, and medulla are physically or chemically altered such that they cannot return to their original state. Common types of damage include cuticle loss, longitudinal rupturing, and fibril disintegration. Damaged hair exhibits signs like loss of elasticity, breakage, porosity, dullness, and excessive tangling. Causes of damage include UV exposure, mechanical and chemical manipulation, thermal styling, and harsh shampoos. Treatments include deep conditioning, reconstructors, moisturizers, and laminates to repair damage and improve hair health.
This ppt gives information about the hair structure, function of hair, hair cycle(all phase are explain in this ppt) how to maintain healthy hair during all the phase of the hair cycle.
Trace evidence such as hair and fibers found at a crime scene can provide important clues about what happened. Hair analysis can determine characteristics like the race of the source and whether drugs were ingested. Microscopic analysis of hair cuticle scale patterns, cortex pigment distribution, and medulla shape and index can indicate if a hair sample matches a suspect or victim. Fiber evidence can also connect a suspect to a crime scene based on the type of polymer and weave of the fiber. Together, hair and fiber evidence through microscopic analysis can help place a suspect at the scene of a crime.
Fibers and hair can provide strong corroborating evidence to place a perpetrator at a crime scene. Fibers are made of twisted or bonded filaments and can be natural like cotton or synthetic like nylon. Their properties like color, diameter, and chemical composition can be analyzed and compared to known samples. Hair is also a type of fiber but usually cannot individually identify a person without DNA. Hair morphology like the root, medulla, and cuticle can provide clues about species and whether a hair was forcibly removed or naturally shed.
To efficiently stop hair loss, it is important to understand the cause and seek treatment. Visiting a hair care clinic can help identify the appropriate treatment to not only stop hair fall but also stimulate regrowth. For male pattern baldness, which is often hereditary, treatments containing DHT inhibitors are recommended since DHT causes hair loss. Minoxidil solution is one such treatment but has been known to cause side effects. Herbal ingredients like saw palmetto extracts, which inhibit DHT without side effects, are now widely used in effective hair loss prevention and regrowth products.
Hair and fibers are common types of trace evidence that can be analyzed forensically. Hair morphology such as color, diameter, cuticle scale pattern, and medulla characteristics can be compared microscopically between known samples and unknown samples. DNA analysis from the hair root or follicle tag can now individualize a human hair. Fibers can be identified as natural, man-made, or synthetic based on their composition and compared through microscopic analysis of features such as color, diameter, surface patterns, and dye. Both hair and fiber evidence require careful collection and preservation for later analysis.
PureLizz CST-50 A Revolutionary System for Hair Reshaping developed by Pure K...Daniel Marks
PureLizz CST-50 is the safest and most effective way to change the structural hair fiber into either curly or straight, or as desired by the professional hairdresser.
PureLizz System is a unique and safe process, promoting the cleavage of the keratin disulfide bonds and then reforming them in a new configuration, maintaining the hair in the new shape for 3 – 6 months, providing a bright, silky effect with natural look.
Rahul Biswas and Kartik Sehgal propose stopping the use of synthetic hair dyes by restoring enzymes in the body that are degraded by oxidative stress and prevent hair from graying. They aim to genetically manipulate pathways like BMP-4 and increase production of enzymes like tyrosinase, MSR-A, MSR-B and catalase to protect melanocytes from stress and prevent graying, without using synthetic dyes or chemicals. If successful, this could provide a unique treatment for gray hair through diet and genetic changes rather than commercial products.
A hair weave can lengthen, add volume, and change the color of natural hair without chemical damage. There are several techniques for weaving hair, including sewing or heating small sections of natural hair and attaching individual or pre-made strands of human or synthetic hair. The highest quality human hair comes from India and has intact cuticles lying in the same direction for a natural look and shine. Synthetic hair is less expensive but more prone to damage and does not have the same texture as human hair. Weft hair can also be glued directly to natural hair and removed later with special shampoos or glue removers.
1. Hair is good forensic evidence because it is abundant, easily transferred between surfaces, and durable over long periods of time.
2. Hair analysis can determine the human or animal source of hairs, as well as characteristics like race, body area, and whether the hair was forcibly removed.
3. During a hair examination, analysts study characteristics of the cuticle, cortex, medulla, pigmentation, diameter, and root structure to determine similarities and differences between questioned and known hair samples.
The document summarizes information about analyzing hair and fiber evidence for forensic science investigations. It describes how hair can be identified as human or animal and then compared under microscopes. Key characteristics like cuticle, cortex, medulla and pigmentation are examined. Fiber evidence is also discussed, noting how fiber type, length and fabric construction are analyzed. Both hair and fiber evidence can provide clues but cannot on their own prove the identity of a person.
Proteins are made up of amino acids linked together through peptide bonds. These strings of linked amino acids are called polypeptides. Multiple polypeptides can be linked together through various cross-linkages, including disulfide bonds, to form more complex proteins like human hair. Disulfide bonds are formed through the amino acid cystine and are the most important type of cross-linkage when it comes to permanently straightening or curling hair, as these bonds must be broken to alter the hair's shape.
materi tentang anatomi dan fisiologi rambut dan kulit kepalaangga yasir
This document discusses the anatomy and physiology of hair and the scalp. It begins by outlining the learning objectives which are to understand the structures of hair and scalp, hair growth cycles, causes of hair loss and treatments. It then details the structures of the hair root and shaft, composition of hair, growth cycles, causes of hair loss and treatments. It emphasizes the importance of understanding hair and scalp for stylists to properly analyze hair and treat conditions.
Hair can provide class evidence but not individual identification unless follicle cells are attached for DNA analysis. Hair is tough and can be left at crime scenes, adhering to clothes and surfaces. Chemical analysis of hair can provide information about drug use, toxins, and nutrition. Forensic analysis of hair as trace evidence began in the 1800s and comparison microscopy was first used in 1934.
The document discusses common hair practices in ethnic populations, focusing on chemical relaxers. It notes that up to 70% of black women regularly chemically straighten their hair. Chemical relaxers use alkaline products like sodium hydroxide or guanidine hydroxide to break and restructure disulfide bonds in hair to change its shape. Regular use can lead to side effects like scalp burns, traction alopecia, and hair loss. Tips are provided to minimize damage when using relaxers. While no definitive link between relaxers and fibroids has been found, some studies associate frequent relaxer use with a higher risk of developing fibroids.
Hair Transplantation techniques have been evolving and becoming more effective. Among the various cosmetic surgeries, hair restoration has become very innovative. If you undertake this cosmetic surgery then the results would look more natural. It has become a very aesthetic and exciting surgery today. The way it uses hair follicles to restore hair is a unique invention of science. Latest methods like hair cloning are also researched on. This will help in hair multiplication and will also cure baldness with increased hair growth.
Methods and Material:
The two methods included in hair transplant surgery are: Follicular Unit Transplant and Follicular Unit Extraction. Each method has its own unique pros and cons. These methods are based on the doctrine of donor dominance. Some of the tests that are done include: serum chemistries and coagulation studies. Screening technology is also enabled to take follicular measurements.
Results:
Care after Operation:
Just like one should take precaution after any operation, similarly, after undergoing a hair transplant, you must take a number of precautions. Direct exposure to sunlight must be avoided. You must not fiddle with your hair for the first two days; however, shampoo can be done. You must be careful that post operation, scabs must not be formed around the hair shaft. There is also a phase called “shock-loss”. In this phase, newly planted hairs usually fall out. Nevertheless, new hair re-grows within 2 or 3 months. The growth process continues and thickens with time.
Discussions:
A patient takes up hair transplant only when he or she wants to get rid of baldness and hair thinning problems permanently. Nevertheless, it has been reported that hair thinning is also seen post this cosmetic surgery. It is also called “shock-loss”. This is an important side-effect seen after hair transplant surgery. Another common sight is the appearance of bald patches. An estimated amount of 50 hairs are usually lost each day. The temple and the scalp do often get swollen. Itching and Scratching must be refrained from as that can lead to scab formation.
Conclusion:
According to a recent study, papilla cells and stem cells have been found in the hair follicles. It can be used in correcting baldness with the help of hair multiplication. This method is also called hair cloning. Therefore, it can be concluded that the hair surgical technique has a long way to go. Those who want to opt for this surgery can browse through the internet to gain an in-depth knowledge about hair transplantation. Results have proved that pain is negligible and the recovery time also doesn’t protract. You do not need to be hospitalized nor is any bed rest required. Hair Transplant indeed is a viable choice and is rewarding.
More Related Content
Similar to COMBATING HAIR DAMAGE-A Novel Strengthening Technology Via a Naturally Derived Scaffolding Complex-Paper
These independent clinical studies conducted at top research centers found that MONAT ingredient users experienced significant hair growth, decreased thinning and hair fallout, increased density and fullness, and improved hair shine and condition, with no serious adverse side effects reported. The document then provides details on individual clinical studies conducted on ingredients including Capixyl, Procataline, and Crodasorb, finding benefits such as increased hair growth rates and decreased hair loss.
A comprehensive guide for salon professionals to understanding and providing hair care to cancer survivors. The presentation includes essential information about hair and scalp (including ethnic differences), the effects of cancer treatments on hair, hair analysis and correct treatment of post-cancer hair, as well as coloring, perming, texturizing, and straightening hair after cancer.
HAIR DAMAGE: CAUSES, PREVENTION AND CURESDr. Ali Syed
Hair damage occurs when the hair structures like the cuticle, cortex, and medulla are physically or chemically altered such that they cannot return to their original state. Common types of damage include cuticle loss, longitudinal rupturing, and fibril disintegration. Damaged hair exhibits signs like loss of elasticity, breakage, porosity, dullness, and excessive tangling. Causes of damage include UV exposure, mechanical and chemical manipulation, thermal styling, and harsh shampoos. Treatments include deep conditioning, reconstructors, moisturizers, and laminates to repair damage and improve hair health.
This ppt gives information about the hair structure, function of hair, hair cycle(all phase are explain in this ppt) how to maintain healthy hair during all the phase of the hair cycle.
Trace evidence such as hair and fibers found at a crime scene can provide important clues about what happened. Hair analysis can determine characteristics like the race of the source and whether drugs were ingested. Microscopic analysis of hair cuticle scale patterns, cortex pigment distribution, and medulla shape and index can indicate if a hair sample matches a suspect or victim. Fiber evidence can also connect a suspect to a crime scene based on the type of polymer and weave of the fiber. Together, hair and fiber evidence through microscopic analysis can help place a suspect at the scene of a crime.
Fibers and hair can provide strong corroborating evidence to place a perpetrator at a crime scene. Fibers are made of twisted or bonded filaments and can be natural like cotton or synthetic like nylon. Their properties like color, diameter, and chemical composition can be analyzed and compared to known samples. Hair is also a type of fiber but usually cannot individually identify a person without DNA. Hair morphology like the root, medulla, and cuticle can provide clues about species and whether a hair was forcibly removed or naturally shed.
To efficiently stop hair loss, it is important to understand the cause and seek treatment. Visiting a hair care clinic can help identify the appropriate treatment to not only stop hair fall but also stimulate regrowth. For male pattern baldness, which is often hereditary, treatments containing DHT inhibitors are recommended since DHT causes hair loss. Minoxidil solution is one such treatment but has been known to cause side effects. Herbal ingredients like saw palmetto extracts, which inhibit DHT without side effects, are now widely used in effective hair loss prevention and regrowth products.
Hair and fibers are common types of trace evidence that can be analyzed forensically. Hair morphology such as color, diameter, cuticle scale pattern, and medulla characteristics can be compared microscopically between known samples and unknown samples. DNA analysis from the hair root or follicle tag can now individualize a human hair. Fibers can be identified as natural, man-made, or synthetic based on their composition and compared through microscopic analysis of features such as color, diameter, surface patterns, and dye. Both hair and fiber evidence require careful collection and preservation for later analysis.
PureLizz CST-50 A Revolutionary System for Hair Reshaping developed by Pure K...Daniel Marks
PureLizz CST-50 is the safest and most effective way to change the structural hair fiber into either curly or straight, or as desired by the professional hairdresser.
PureLizz System is a unique and safe process, promoting the cleavage of the keratin disulfide bonds and then reforming them in a new configuration, maintaining the hair in the new shape for 3 – 6 months, providing a bright, silky effect with natural look.
Rahul Biswas and Kartik Sehgal propose stopping the use of synthetic hair dyes by restoring enzymes in the body that are degraded by oxidative stress and prevent hair from graying. They aim to genetically manipulate pathways like BMP-4 and increase production of enzymes like tyrosinase, MSR-A, MSR-B and catalase to protect melanocytes from stress and prevent graying, without using synthetic dyes or chemicals. If successful, this could provide a unique treatment for gray hair through diet and genetic changes rather than commercial products.
A hair weave can lengthen, add volume, and change the color of natural hair without chemical damage. There are several techniques for weaving hair, including sewing or heating small sections of natural hair and attaching individual or pre-made strands of human or synthetic hair. The highest quality human hair comes from India and has intact cuticles lying in the same direction for a natural look and shine. Synthetic hair is less expensive but more prone to damage and does not have the same texture as human hair. Weft hair can also be glued directly to natural hair and removed later with special shampoos or glue removers.
1. Hair is good forensic evidence because it is abundant, easily transferred between surfaces, and durable over long periods of time.
2. Hair analysis can determine the human or animal source of hairs, as well as characteristics like race, body area, and whether the hair was forcibly removed.
3. During a hair examination, analysts study characteristics of the cuticle, cortex, medulla, pigmentation, diameter, and root structure to determine similarities and differences between questioned and known hair samples.
The document summarizes information about analyzing hair and fiber evidence for forensic science investigations. It describes how hair can be identified as human or animal and then compared under microscopes. Key characteristics like cuticle, cortex, medulla and pigmentation are examined. Fiber evidence is also discussed, noting how fiber type, length and fabric construction are analyzed. Both hair and fiber evidence can provide clues but cannot on their own prove the identity of a person.
Proteins are made up of amino acids linked together through peptide bonds. These strings of linked amino acids are called polypeptides. Multiple polypeptides can be linked together through various cross-linkages, including disulfide bonds, to form more complex proteins like human hair. Disulfide bonds are formed through the amino acid cystine and are the most important type of cross-linkage when it comes to permanently straightening or curling hair, as these bonds must be broken to alter the hair's shape.
materi tentang anatomi dan fisiologi rambut dan kulit kepalaangga yasir
This document discusses the anatomy and physiology of hair and the scalp. It begins by outlining the learning objectives which are to understand the structures of hair and scalp, hair growth cycles, causes of hair loss and treatments. It then details the structures of the hair root and shaft, composition of hair, growth cycles, causes of hair loss and treatments. It emphasizes the importance of understanding hair and scalp for stylists to properly analyze hair and treat conditions.
Hair can provide class evidence but not individual identification unless follicle cells are attached for DNA analysis. Hair is tough and can be left at crime scenes, adhering to clothes and surfaces. Chemical analysis of hair can provide information about drug use, toxins, and nutrition. Forensic analysis of hair as trace evidence began in the 1800s and comparison microscopy was first used in 1934.
The document discusses common hair practices in ethnic populations, focusing on chemical relaxers. It notes that up to 70% of black women regularly chemically straighten their hair. Chemical relaxers use alkaline products like sodium hydroxide or guanidine hydroxide to break and restructure disulfide bonds in hair to change its shape. Regular use can lead to side effects like scalp burns, traction alopecia, and hair loss. Tips are provided to minimize damage when using relaxers. While no definitive link between relaxers and fibroids has been found, some studies associate frequent relaxer use with a higher risk of developing fibroids.
Hair Transplantation techniques have been evolving and becoming more effective. Among the various cosmetic surgeries, hair restoration has become very innovative. If you undertake this cosmetic surgery then the results would look more natural. It has become a very aesthetic and exciting surgery today. The way it uses hair follicles to restore hair is a unique invention of science. Latest methods like hair cloning are also researched on. This will help in hair multiplication and will also cure baldness with increased hair growth.
Methods and Material:
The two methods included in hair transplant surgery are: Follicular Unit Transplant and Follicular Unit Extraction. Each method has its own unique pros and cons. These methods are based on the doctrine of donor dominance. Some of the tests that are done include: serum chemistries and coagulation studies. Screening technology is also enabled to take follicular measurements.
Results:
Care after Operation:
Just like one should take precaution after any operation, similarly, after undergoing a hair transplant, you must take a number of precautions. Direct exposure to sunlight must be avoided. You must not fiddle with your hair for the first two days; however, shampoo can be done. You must be careful that post operation, scabs must not be formed around the hair shaft. There is also a phase called “shock-loss”. In this phase, newly planted hairs usually fall out. Nevertheless, new hair re-grows within 2 or 3 months. The growth process continues and thickens with time.
Discussions:
A patient takes up hair transplant only when he or she wants to get rid of baldness and hair thinning problems permanently. Nevertheless, it has been reported that hair thinning is also seen post this cosmetic surgery. It is also called “shock-loss”. This is an important side-effect seen after hair transplant surgery. Another common sight is the appearance of bald patches. An estimated amount of 50 hairs are usually lost each day. The temple and the scalp do often get swollen. Itching and Scratching must be refrained from as that can lead to scab formation.
Conclusion:
According to a recent study, papilla cells and stem cells have been found in the hair follicles. It can be used in correcting baldness with the help of hair multiplication. This method is also called hair cloning. Therefore, it can be concluded that the hair surgical technique has a long way to go. Those who want to opt for this surgery can browse through the internet to gain an in-depth knowledge about hair transplantation. Results have proved that pain is negligible and the recovery time also doesn’t protract. You do not need to be hospitalized nor is any bed rest required. Hair Transplant indeed is a viable choice and is rewarding.
Similar to COMBATING HAIR DAMAGE-A Novel Strengthening Technology Via a Naturally Derived Scaffolding Complex-Paper (20)
COMBATING HAIR DAMAGE-A Novel Strengthening Technology Via a Naturally Derived Scaffolding Complex-Paper
1. Combating Hair Damage: A Novel Strengthening Technology via a
Naturally Derived Scaffolding Complex
Authors: Quinn Ryder, Maureen Danaher, Erica Segura, Durant Scholz
Sponsors: Active Concepts, LLC
Introduction:
Hair bleaching introduces a unique set of complications in which the level of protection
required to prevent hair damage is inhibitive of the process itself. The need for an
effective hair-bleaching additive that can protect or strengthen hair, whilst
simultaneously allowing the permeation of small molecules for dyeing has become
apparent. Biofilms were an obvious first choice due to their variety, flexible nature, and
overall structure. The units that compromise these films have the capacity to adhere
upon each other, forming web-like sheets. These sheets have the capability to add
flexible structural support to surrounding environments as well as enhance or apply
secondary “nourishing” benefits, depending on their source/composition. Unfortunately,
naturally occurring biofilms are either ineffective at providing adequate protection, or
inversely too effective at preventing small molecules from entering the hair cuticle.
The need for this balance has led to the development of a complex composite material
with the goal of both facilitating bleach molecules into the hair fiber cortex while
providing support, protection, and finally re-annealment of the hair cuticle. Through
biological engineering, a semi-permeable molecular scaffolding (ALH4B) has been
developed for integration into traditional hair bleach.
Background:
With continual stress of hair processes such as bleach or relaxers, comes a need for
more efficacious treatments that can provide simultaneous damage protection. The
condition of the cuticle significantly affects both the manageability and integrity of the
hair, demonstrated by the bond strength of keratin proteins. Proteins consist of disulfide
bonds that occur when sulfur atoms join to form strong covalent links, which are partially
responsible for the overall shape and strength of hair. Hair keratin proteins are made
of thiol-bearing amino acids such as cysteine. With continual stress of hair processes,
such as bleach or relaxers, hair protein cleavage occurs leading to weak brittle hair, as
demonstrated by an increase in free sulfhydryl groups (S-H) and general loss of other
structural bonds (S-C or S-N). Bleach is a key model for this type of damage, as it takes
advantage of the readily oxidizing capabilities of cysteine residues enters the hair shaft
and essentially breaks down stable pigment molecules leaving the hair brittle and weak.
In analytical fiber testing this property is referred to as Tensile, or ultimate strength
2. which can be defined as the total stress a material can withstand while being stretched
or pulled before failing or breaking. Guarding or even improving the tensile strength of
hair has direct implications to its overall look and feel. However, to understand this
concept one must first grasp the basic chemistry of the hair fiber and damage process.
Sulfur atoms conjoin and form covalent bonds in order to link two proteins together,
which in turn contributes to the strength and structure of hair. Thiols are a class of
compounds that contain sulfhydryl functional groups, composed of a sulfur atom and a
hydrogen atom. Chemical processing will contribute to the weakening of hair fibers over
time by altering bonds present in those thiol bearing amino acids. Relaxing or bleaching
the hair fiber works in this way, by breaking the structural disulfide bonds present in
hair proteins, leading to an increase in free S-H groups and loss of structural S-C or S-
N bonds. The bends in curly hair are a product of a similar amino acid to cysteine,
namely cystine. Cystine units with disulfide bonds are formed when thiol groups of two
cysteine residues are brought near each other in the course of protein folding, via
oxidation reactions. Relaxers and bleaching techniques take advantage of the readily
oxidizing capabilities of these cysteine residues. For example, the chemicals used in
hair relaxing processes work by reducing cystine disulfide bridges to free cysteine S-H
groups. Alternately, chemicals that curl hair work by oxidizing cysteine S-H groups to
form cystine disulfide bonds.
Another intermediate in thiol-bearing cysteine metabolism is cysteic acid. Larger
amounts of cysteic acid have been reported in hydrolysates of tip ends of human hair,
than in root ends due to oxidative stress and damage as measured via infrared
spectroscopy. Continued use of powerful processing reagents such as hydrogen
peroxide or hair bleach will in turn yield sulfonic acids. Analyzing the structure and bond
strength of hair protein hydrolysates can thus provide models of hair damage and
mechanisms by which treatments may work or bind to the hair. Molecular structure and
bonding are modeled via infrared absorption spectroscopy using a Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR). The FT-IR method is used to determine the structure of
molecules by measuring the vibrational energy as indicated by characteristic and
selective absorption of IR radiation at specific wavelengths.
FT-IR is useful for measuring the bond-strength of a specific treatment to damaged hair
because it is a direct indication of bond intensity and formation. When a covalent bond
is formed, shrinkage in S-H peak absorption (2400 - 2700 cm-1) and re-appearance of
S-C (620 – 720 cm-1) or S-N (930 – 950 cm-1) peaks are detected. If these patterns
are not observed via FT-IR, then that is a direct indication the test material did not
produce covalent bonds with the free S-H groups present in human hair. Certain hair-
bleaching additives function by sealing so strongly to the hair fiber that often-times this
prevents permeation of smaller molecules from entering the hair cuticle for dyeing
purposes. Thus, there is a need to balance adequate protection with facilitating bleach
molecules into the hair fiber cortex.
3. A unique complex composite material of natural cationic polymers, peptides, and
powerful moisturizing agents was extensively analyzed to investigate its effects on hair
health and tensile strength via Instron fiber analysis, SEM and optical microscopy
assays, as well as professional salon half head studies. Latter FT-IR assays were
piloted to deduce the bonding strength or mechanism by which this unique complex
specifically works to protect the cuticle from damage.
The objective of this study was to investigate if application of a novel, naturally derived
complex could promote fiber tenacity, protect against chemical processing that
traditionally would induce fiber damage, while concurrently offering a hair-strengthening
platform that works in conjunction with standard styling practices.
Methods:
Methods of protecting hair during chemical processing were analyzed and
investigations of how enhanced tensile strength would affect phenotypic characteristics
of breakage-prone hair were performed. This property is referred to as tensile, or
ultimate strength which can be denoted as the total stress a material can withstand
while being stressed or pulled before falling or breaking.
Guarding or improving hair’s tensile strength has direct implications to its overall look
and feel. A novel natural complex of Polyquaternium-80 & Water & Pisum Sativum
(Pea) Peptide & Selaginella Lepidophylla Extract (Test Name ALH4B) was investigated
to evaluate this possible effect via professional salon half head studies, sensorial
assessments, SEM & optical microscopy imaging, and tensile strength analysis
measured via the Instron 5966 machine using method ASTM-D2256-10.
The ASTM-D2256-10 protocol specifies the test conditions for determining the tensile
properties of hair using the single-strand method. Single-strand hair specimens are
broken on a tension testing machine at a predetermined elongation rate and the
breaking force and the elongation at break are determined.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) assays were conducted to deduce the
bond strength of the complex to damaged hair. Hair was bleached with 40 volume
peroxide, and bleach treated/untreated with the complex. The complex was
incorporated into bleach treatment by utilizing 1/4oz per 30g bleach powder and 1/8 oz
for less than 30g.
4. Results:
Professional salon images were used in conjunction with a sensory assessment rating
parameters associated with healthy hair on a rubric from 1 to 10, with 1 being the lowest
and 10 being the highest. The assessment was conducted both before and after
ALH4B treatment. After ALH4B application, hair exhibited positive effects on
parameters such as smoothness, wet and dry combability, anti-frizz, overall feel, shine,
and hydration, increasing by
46%, 18%, 13%, 13%, 40% and
29% respectively compared to
untreated controls.
SEM and optical imaging of
multiple hair fibers
demonstrated that untreated
hair was prone to damage from
stressors such as bleach, as
observed by characteristic signs
of breakage. After treatment, a
distinct scaffolding-like matrix
was detected on the hair.
Images showed cuticle damage
before, but after complex
application it was left smoothed
and annealed.
Figure 1. Untreated Hair
Figure 2. Bleached Hair Figure 3. Bleached Hair treated with ALH4B
5. Instron test results indicated that complex treated hair yielded no perceivable change
to elongation at break compared to untreated hair, representative of overall hair
strength and tenacity. The elongation at break was 42.81% for virgin hair and 47.99%
(30V) and 50.38% (40V) for bleached untreated hair. While the elongation at break also
remained at 42.56% (30V) and 46.68% (40V) for bleached complex treated hair. This
trend endured similarly as bleach concentration was increased, although the increase
was unnecessary, as ALH4B achieved the same color lifting effects, using less.
Figure 4. Hair strength as measured by Elongation at break
Lastly, FT-IR spectroscopy results demonstrated that ALH4B does not produce
covalent bonds with the free S-H groups from thiol-bearing cysteine in human hair. After
application of the complex using aqueous mixtures of cysteine and complex compared
to a solution of complex, cysteine, and bleach, the absence of S-C and S-N peaks and
lack of decrease in S-H peaks indicated that covalent bonds did not form with the free
S-H groups present in human hair.
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
Virgin Hair Bleach (30V) Bleach (40V)
Percent(%)Change
Hair Elongation at Break
Virgin Hair
Active.Lite® Hair
6. Figure 5. IR Spec to indicate absence of covalent bonding
Discussion
Each set of data obtained from this study met criteria for a valid assay. The tests
conducted to support the objective of this project suggest that the novel naturally
derived complex can not only increase hair tensile strength and tenacity, but also
promote health, even after damage from common styling processes such as bleach.
We can attribute this to the non-covalent interactions between the complex and hair
fiber that form a permeable scaffolding matrix. The nature of the natural composite
particles present in the complex combine to form a chemically resilient shield. It is
postulated that this pH stable material utilizes the highly oxidative environment of hair
bleaching to ionically bond hair cuticles for support, while providing an accessible
pathway for small molecules to chemically alter hair pigment. Based on our research it
has been demonstrated that artificial biolfilms can protect hair from bleaching without
affecting efficacy.
10% ALH4B Hair in Deionized Water
Deionized Water
10% ALH4B Hair in Deionized Water + 1% L-Cysteine
10% ALH4B Hair in Deionized Water + 1% L-Cysteine + 3%
Hydrogen Peroxide
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