10. WHAT HAPPENED TO SOCIAL FACTS?”
10
American Anthropologist, 2019, Vital Topic Forum, edited by Ho, Karen& Jillian
R. Cavanaugh
social facts (Durkheim)
anthropology on rumors and gossips
factual truth (Arendt)
“…what is at stake in these powerful inversions and ‘modern political lies,’
driven by the ‘interests of men,’ is that they can become ‘so big that they
require a complete rearrangement of the whole factual texture—the making of
another reality, as it were, into which they will
fi
t without seam, crack, or
fi
ssure’”
11. what is at stake is not about the death of belief in fact or the absence of truth
but rather the appearance of competing parallel spheres of veridiction in
which ideological engines of truth-making radiate facts from normative
institutional centers all the way into conspiratorial fringe speculation on both
ends of the political spectrum
Dominic Boyer, 2018, “Our Post-Post-Truth Condition”
11
If the Enlightenment project can be thought of as an attempt to establish a
new epistemological settlement, displacing an older one, then perhaps what
we are witnessing is a new struggle – or a new phase in an ongoing struggle –
over theories of truth, belief and knowledge, in the context of a radically
altered information environment.
Jonathan Mair, 2017, “Post-Truth Anthropology”
12. 處境知識 SITUATED KNOWLEDGE
Donna Haraway, 1988, “Situated Knowledge: The Science Question in
Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective”
▸ 女性主義對於”科學”及”客觀性”的介入
▸ “體現客觀” embodied objectivity: neither universal, reductionism nor
social constructionism/relativism
▸ 任何知識的產製有其物質性、⾝體感、技術觀、時空背景、與社會脈絡
12
“partial, locatable, critical knowledges sustaining the possibility of webs
of connections called solidarity in politics and shared conversations in
epistemology” (584)
“only partial perspective promises objective vision” (583)
38. ▸ Cofacts 不是事實的仲裁者，⽽是不同意⾒的「平台」
▸ 維基「中立觀點」(NPOV) 原則: 在儘可能沒有任何偏⾒的前提下，平等地
表達出任何曾在可靠來源中發表過的重要觀點
▸ “given enough eyeballs all bugs are shallow”
▸ 開放知識的社群 & 闢謠的⽣態系
“事實查核的維基百科”
“Cofacts is not a place of absolute truth; instead, it is a platform to
display various ‘facts,’ including fact-check reports made by other
organizations......We believe in the free market of speech. Our goal is
to become a Wikipedia of online rumors.” (MrOrz)
38
40. OPEN CULTURE & RECURSIVE PUBLICS
“A recursive public is a public that is vitally concerned with the material and
practical maintenance and modi
fi
cation of the technical, legal, practical, and
conceptual means of its own existence as a public; it is a collective independent
of other forms of constituted power and is capable of speaking to existing forms
of power through the production of actually existing alternatives.” (8)
▸ Free and Open Source Movement (FOSS): 共享>去中⼼>參與>協
作>社群>⽣態系
▸ “the wisdom of the crowd” (Surowiecki 2005); “commons-based
peer production” (Benkler 2006); “spontaneous division of labor”
(Shirky 2008); “produsage” (Bruns 2008)
▸ 遞迴公眾 “recursive publics” (Kelty 2008)
41. 41
“…partial, locatable, critical knowledges sustaining the possibility of
webs of connections called solidarity in politics and shared
conversations in epistemology.”
“I want to argue for a doctrine and practice of objectivity that
privileges contestation, deconstruction, passionate construction,
webbed connections, and hope for transformation of systems of
knowledge and ways of seeing.”
Donna Haraway, 1988, “Situated Knowledge”
SITUATED KNOWLEDGE
