Coding standards provide guidelines for writing programs to make them easier to understand through unique and descriptive naming conventions, consistent indentation and spacing, and use of comments only where needed. Variables should be meaningfully named without abbreviations. Exceptions should specify the exact exception, and custom exceptions can be created; logging actual errors aids debugging. Methods should perform a single task with descriptive names and limited lines of code. Constants and empty strings replace hardcoding, and error messages help users. Files are logically organized with refactoring used for large files.

1. Coding Standards

2. Whatare
coding
standards?
 Set of rules/guidelines for writing a program.
 Makes a program easier to understand.
 Helps reduces error and makes program better.

3. Coding
standardsin
naming.
 Provide a unique name to the project or a program in
such a way that justifies the program.

5. Naming
conventions

6. How touse
them?

7. Naminga
variable:
 Use meaningful and descriptive words to
name variables.
 Try best not using abbreviations.

8. Example

9. Naminga
variable:
 Do not use single character variable names like i, n, s
etc. Use names like index, sum etc.
 Exception can be made in case of loops.

10. Naminga
variable
 Do not use underscore(_) for local variables.
 Do not use variable name that resemble Keywords.
 Do not use Hungarian notations.

11. Useof prefix

12. Indentation
and
Spacing
 Indentation means the placement of text(code) farther
to left, or to right, to separate it from surrounding
text(code).
 Spacing simply means adjusting space between codes,
lines, comments etc.

13. Guidelines
 Use TAB for indentation instead of SPACES and define
TAB size as 4.
 Comments and code should be in same level.

14. Guidelines:
 Curly braces( {} ) should be in the same level as the
code outside the braces.
 Use one blank line to separate logical group of codes.

15. Guidelines:
 There should be one and only one single blank line between each
method inside the class.
 The curly braces should be on a separate line and not in the same
line as if, for etc.
 Use a single space before and after each operator and brackets.

16. Coding Standards
in
Exception
Handling
 Never do a 'catch exception and do nothing'. If you hide an exception,
you will never know if the exception happened or not.
 In case of exceptions, give a friendly message to the user, but log the
actual error with all possible details about the error, including the
time it occurred, method and class name etc.

17. Guidelines:
 Always catch only the specific exception, not generic exception.
 When you throw an exception, use the throw statement without
specifying the original exception.

18. Guidelines:
 Do not write very large try-catch blocks. If required, write
separate try-catch for each task you perform and enclose only the
specific piece of code inside the try-catch.
 Write your own custom exception classes if required in your
application.

19. Coding
Standardsin
Commenting:
Meaningful comments make code more understandable. But, remember:
 Do not write comments for every line of code and every variable declared.
 Use // or /// for comments. Avoid using /* … */.
 Do not write comments if the code is easily understandable without
comment.
 Fewer lines of comments will make the code more elegant. But if the code
is not clean/readable and there are less comments, that is worse.
 Fewer lines of comments will make the code more elegant. But if the code
is not clean/readable and there are less comments, that is worse.
 If you initialize a numeric variable to a special number other than 0, -1
etc, document the reason for choosing that value.

20. Otherfew
guidelines:
 Avoid writing very long methods. A method should typically have
1~25 lines of code.
 . Method name should tell what it does. Do not use mis-leading
names.

21. Other
Guidelines:
 A method should do only 'one job'. Do not combine more than one
job in a single method, even if those jobs are very small.

22. Other
Guidelines:
 Do not hardcode numbers. Use constants instead.
 . Do not hardcode strings.
 Convert strings to lowercase or upper case before comparing.
 Use String.Empty instead of “ ”

23. Other
Guidelines:
 In the application start up, do some kind of "self check" and ensure
all required files and dependencies are available in the expected
locations. Check for database connection in start up, if required
 Error messages should help the user to solve the problem. Never
give error messages like "Error in Application", "There is an error"
etc.
 . Avoid having very large files. If a single file has more than 1000
lines of code, it is a good candidate for refactoring. Split them
logically into two or more classes.
 . Avoid passing too many parameters to a method. If you have more
than 4~5 parameters, it is a good candidate to define a class or
structure.
 . Logically organize all your files within appropriate folders.

24. Thankyou!