Ever wondered what makes a cloud-native application “cloud-native”? Ever wondered what the unique challenges are and how best to address them on fully-open Java technologies? In this workshop, you’ll learn what it means to be cloud-native and how that impacts application development. You’ll learn about Eclipse MicroProfile, an industry collaboration defining technologies for the development and management of cloud-native microservices. With a full set of MicroProfile workshop modules available to you, you’ll be able to start with the basics of REST services and progress to more advanced topics, or you can jump right in and develop secure, fault tolerant, configurable and monitorable microservices. Once you’ve developed your microservice, you’ll learn how to package it in a Docker container and deploy it to a Kubernetes cluster. Finally, you’ll learn the role of a service mesh and use Istio to manage your microservice interactions or you can choose to deploy your microservices to OpenShift.

1. Microservices Made
Easy Workshop
With MicroProfile, OpenJ9, Open Liberty
and OpenShift
Jamie Lee Coleman
Software Engineer/Developer Advocate @IBM
@Jamie_Lee_C
1

2. Workshop &
Environment
2

3. Workshop Modules
3
8 Modules each between 15 – 25 mins long.
1. Creating RESTful Web Services
2. Injecting dependencies into a Java
microservices
3. Configuring Java microservices
4. Building fault-tolerant microservices
with the @fallback annotation
5. Containerizing Microservices
6. Introduction to MicroShed Testing
7. Deploying MicroServices to Kubernetes
8. Building and deploying a RESTful web
service on OpenShift 4.x
Extra Reactive Modules
1. Creating reactive Java microservices
2. Testing reactive Java microservices
3. Building and deploying Reactive Java
microservices on OpenShift 4.x

4. Skills Network Labs
4

5. 5
Skills Network Labs

6. Why move to the
Cloud and what is
Cloud-Native?
6

7. 7
What the Cloud offers
Demand
One big server running all the time?
time

8. 8
Demand
One big server running all the time?
What the Cloud offers
time

9. 9
Demand
time
One big server running all the time?
What the Cloud offers

10. 10
Agile,
Microservices,
DevOps & Cloud
+ +C
B
A
+

11. Microservices
11
A microservice is an architectural style that
structures an application as a collection of
loosely coupled services
The benefit of having an application made up of
microservices is that it improves modularity and
make it easier to develop, test and more
resilient to changes
Allows teams to work on individual services
Enables continuous delivery and deployment
per microservice

12. Eclipse
MicroProfile

13. 13
What is MicroProfile?
● Eclipse MicroProfile is an open-source community
specification for Enterprise Java microservices
● A community of individuals, organizations, and
vendors collaborating within an open source
(Eclipse) project to bring microservices to the
Enterprise Java community microprofile.io

14. 14
MicroProfile
Contributors

15. 15
MicroProfile
Community
● Over a dozen vendors and Java user
groups
● 140 individual contributors
● Over half a dozen independent
implementations

16. Locations of some
MicroProfile
Contributors
1
6
• Seattle – USA
• Ontario – Canada
• Canberra – Australia
• Stuttgart – Germany
• Rochester – USA
• Prague – Czech Rep
• Newcastle – UK
• Munich – Germany
• Paris – France
• Hursley – UK
• Centurion – South Africa
• Boston – USA
• Sao Paulo – Brazil
• Rio de Janeiro – Brazil
• Coimbra – Portugal
• Amsterdam – Netherlands
Source: MicroProfile.io

17. 17
MicroProfile
Community
Video Hangouts
Bi-Weekly &
Quarterly
General
community
Meetings
MicroProfile
ProjectsGoogle
Groups
YouTube
Channel

18. 18
MicroProfile
Vendors/Implementations

19. MicroProfile
Technologies
19

20. 20
MicroProfile 3.3
Stack
JSON-B 1.0JSON-P 1.1CDI 2.0
Config 1.4
Fault
Tolerance 2.1
JWT
Propagation
1.1
Health
Check 2.2
Metrics 2.3
Open Tracing
1.3
Open API 1.1
JAX-RS 2.1
Rest Client
1.4

21. MicroProfile Core
Technologies
B
@Path("/brews")
@Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
@Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
public class BrewsResource {
@POST
public Response startCoffeeBrew(CoffeeBrew brew) {...)
}
JAX-RS

22. MicroProfile Core
Technologies
REST Client
BA
@RegisterRestClient
@Path("/resources/brews")
@Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
@Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
public interface BaristaClient {
@POST
public Response startCoffeeBrew(CoffeeBrew brew);
}

23. CDI
BA
@Path("/orders")
public class OrdersResource {
@Inject
CoffeeShop coffeeShop;
...
}
MicroProfile Core
Technologies

24. MicroProfile Core
Technologies
JSON-B & JSON-P
A B
...
@POST
@Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
public Response startCoffeeBrew(CoffeeBrew brew) {
CoffeeType coffeeType = brew.getType();
...
public class CoffeeBrew {
private CoffeeType type;
public CoffeeType getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(CoffeeType type) {
this.type = type;
}
}

25. MicroProfile Core
Technologies
Open API
A B
openapi: 3.0.0
info:
title: Deployed APIs
version: 1.0.0
servers:
- url: http://grahams-mbp-2.lan:9081/barista
paths:
/resources/brews:
post:
operationId: startCoffeeBrew
requestBody:
content:
application/json:
schema:
$ref: '#/components/schemas/CoffeeBrew'
responses:
default:
description: default response
components:
schemas:
CoffeeBrew:
type: object
properties:
type:
type: string
enum:
- ESPRESSO
- LATTE
- POUR_OVER

26. MicroProfile Core
Technologies
JWT
@POST
@RolesAllowed({ "admin", "coffee-shop" })
public Response startCoffeeBrew(CoffeeBrew brew) {...}
BA

27. MicroProfile Core
Technologies
Fault
Tolerance
A B
@Retry(retryOn = TimeoutException.class,
maxRetries = 4,
maxDuration = 10,
durationUnit = ChronoUnit.SECONDS)
public void startCoffeeBrew(CoffeeBrew brew) {
Response response = baristaClient.startCoffeeBrew(brew);
...
}

28. MicroProfile Core
Technologies
Config
A B
@ApplicationScoped
public class Barista {
@Inject
@ConfigProperty(name="default_barista_base_url")
String baristaBaseURL;
...
}

29. MicroProfile Core
Technologies
Health
A B
{
"checks": [
{
"data": {
"barista service": "available"
},
"name": "CoffeeShopHealth",
"state": "UP"
}
],
"outcome": "UP"
}
@Health
@ApplicationScoped
public class HealthResource implements HealthCheck {
...
public boolean isHealthy() {...}
@Override
public HealthCheckResponse call() {
if (!isHealthy()) {
return HealthCheckResponse.named(...).down().build();
}
return HealthCheckResponse.named(...).up().build();
}
}

30. MicroProfile Core
Technologies
30
Metrics
A B
@POST
@Counted(name="order", displayName="Order count",
description="Number of times orders requested.", monotonic=true)
public Response orderCoffee(@Valid @NotNull CoffeeOrder order) {
...
}

31. MicroProfile Core
Technologies
31
Open Tracing
A B
@Traced
public void startBrew(CoffeeType coffeeType) {
...
}
JAX-RS methods
are automatically
traced by default

32. 32
MicroProfile 3.3
Stack Reactive
Streams
Operators 1.1
Reactive
Messaging
1.0
GraphQL 1.0
Context
Propagation
1.0
Standalone Projects
JSON-B 1.0JSON-P 1.1CDI 2.0
Config 1.4
Fault
Tolerance 2.1
JWT
Propagation
1.1
Health
Check 2.2
Metrics 2.3
Open Tracing
1.3
Open API 1.1
JAX-RS 2.1
Rest Client
1.4

33. A Full Open
Stack

34. 34
MicroProfile
Open Liberty
OpenJ9
OpenShift

35. 35
Open Liberty Overview

36. Focus on code
Easy to make fast and iterative changes
Easy to write tests
True-to-production testing (as much as possible)
Ready for containers
Not-in-your-way tools and flexibility
Open Liberty Overview

37. Developer Experience: dev mode
• Boosts developer productivity
• Immediate feedback for code and
config changes
• No re-build necessary
mvn liberty:dev

38. Developer-oriented Docs
38

40. 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
December '18 March '19 April '19 July '19 August '19 September '19 April '20
2018-2020 Progression of OpenLiberty+OpenJ9 startup time (seconds)
Open Liberty with OpenJ9: the road to one second startup time
OpenJ9 : Improved Cached feature metadata when no change to server.xml Changed bundle activation to start in parallel
Better AOT code RAS processing Optimized loading of CXF JSON/JSONB provider RAS annotation processing at build time
JMX MBeanServer init Cached annotation information for built-in JAX-RS Providers Cached plugin xml and OSGi metadata
OpenJ9 : GC hints in shared classes cache Reduced class loading during startup
Reduced logging overhead
OpenJ9 : More AOT code in shared classes cache
OpenJ9 : Optimize class verification overhead
GIDS Java / Sept 9th, 2020 / © 2020 IBM Corporation

41. Open Liberty startup time comparison (using OpenJ9 JVM)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Open Liberty 20.0.0.4 TomEE 8.0.0-M3-microprofile Tomcat 9.0.22 + OpenWebBeans
2.0.11(CDI) + CXF 3.3.2 (jaxrs)
Wildfly 17.0.1 javaee JBoss 7.2 Glassfish web 5 Payara web 5.192
PingPerf application startup time with OpenJ9 Shared Classes Cache (in seconds)
GIDS Java / Sept 9th, 2020 / © 2020 IBM Corporation

42. 42
Open J9 Overview
Designed from the start to span all the
operating systems needed by IBM products
This JVM can go from small to large
Can handle constrained environments or
memory rich ones
Is used by the largest enterprises on the
planet
If any JVM can be said to be at the heart of
the enterprise – its this one.

43. Containers &
Testing with Containers

44. 44
MicroProfile &
Containers
Containers Kubernetes OpenShift
JSON-B 1.0JSON-P 1.1CDI 2.0
Config 1.4
Fault
Tolerance 2.1
JWT
Propagation
1.1
Health
Check 2.2
Metrics 2.3
Open Tracing
1.3
Open API 1.1
JAX-RS 2.1
Rest Client
1.4

45. 45
Containers
build, ship and run any app,
anywhere
docker build -t ol-runtime --no-cache=true .
docker run -d --name rest-app -p 9080:9080 -p
9443:9443 -v <absolute path to
guide>/start/target/liberty/wlp/usr/servers:/servers ol-
runtime

46. my-
app:latest
(app container)
mongo:4.0
(DB container)
Dev/Test env
Production env
integrati
on tests
end users
my-
app:latest
(app container)
mongo:4.0
(DB container)
Testcontainers
• Integration tests that are easy
to setup, write, and run
• Test your apps the same way
they run in production
• Tests are portable to any
compatible implementation:
• Liberty
• Wildfly
• Payara
• TomEE
• etc…

47. MicroShed Testing
• Integration tests that are easy to setup, write,
and run
• Test your apps the same way they run in
production...in Containers
• Can run multiple containers on same network
(e.g. test DB integration)
• http://microshed.org/microshed-testing/
@MicroShedTest
public class MyTest {
// Search for Dockerfile.
// Start app in Container.
// Wait for Container before running tests.
@Container
public static MicroProfileApplication app
= new MicroProfileApplication()
.withAppContextRoot("/myservice");
// Inject JAX-RS REST Client
@Inject
public static MyService mySvc;
// A test method like any other
@Test
public void testMyService() {
...
}
}
GIDS Java / Sept 9th, 2020 / © 2020 IBM Corporation

48. Deploying to the Cloud
with Kubernetes &
OpenShift

49. Containers are not enough!

50. Regain control with Kubernetes
Organize and govern the container chaos
Kubernetes
Intelligent
Scheduling
Self-HealingHorizontal
Scaling
Automated
Rollouts &
Rollbacks
Secret &
Configuration
Management
Service Discovery &
Load Balancing

51. 51
Kubernetes

52. MicroProfile with Kubernetes
52
Config
A B
env:
- name: GREETING
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: greeting-
config
key: message
kubectl create configmap greeting-config --from-literal
message=Greetings...
@Inject
@ConfigProperty(name =
"GREETING")
private String greeting;

53. MicroProfile with Kubernetes
53
Health
A B
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /health
port: 9080
initialDelaySeconds:
15
periodSeconds: 5
failureThreshold: 1

54. 54

55. Why should developers care about DevOps?
• Enables the delivery of innovation more often
• Improves quality
• Reduces toil to allow developers to focus on code
• Improves confidence
• Improves time to production
• Improves communication and collaboration

56. OpenShift is a Kubernetes-based
platform with added functions. It
streamlines the DevOps process by
providing an intuitive development
pipeline. It also provides integration
with multiple tools to make the
deployment and management of
cloud applications easier.

57. IDE integration - With OpenShift's
integration with Eclipse, JBoss Developer
Studio, and Visual Studio developers can
stay entirely within the IDE that they
when working with OpenShift.

58. 58
OpenShift and the
Hybrid Model

59. 5
Time To Code
To get started visit the following URL in your browser:
https://ide.skillsnetwork.site/cloud-native-java-
with-microprofile-kubernetes-and-openshift
Please run the cleanup.sh script from the terminal at the end of each lab to
clean up your environment.

60. 60
Recap
MicroProfile
• No vendor lock in
• Full set of cloud ready APIs
• Config
• Health
• Metrics
• Fault Tolerance
• …
• Big community
Open Liberty
• Modular Application server
• Light weight
• Easy to configure
• Jakarta EE 8 certified
• Production ready
• Official Docker images available
• Optimized for development
All Open Source!
Open J9
• Low memory footprint
• Fast startup time
• High application throughput
• Smoother ramp-up in the cloud
• Easy to use Docker images
OpenShift
• Works on all clouds
• Uses Containers for easy portability
• Can run on Private and Public Clouds
• Integration with IDE’s to make
developers lives easier.

61. Thank you
61
Jamie Lee Coleman
Software Engineer/AdvocateTeam Lead
Email: jlcoleman@uk.ibm.com
Twitter: @Jamie_Lee_C