Putin and Xi Jinping discussed using the Chinese yuan instead of the US dollar for settlements between Russia and countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. This move challenges the dollar's dominance in global trade and finance. While the dollar currently gives the US significant economic and political power through sanctions, Russia and China are trying to reduce reliance on it by increasing yuan use and reserves.

4. Zakaria identifies key part of Putin-Xi Jinping
meeting
Presented By
1. Muhammad Muzamil
2. Ghulam Hussain
3. Muhammad Ramzan
4. Muhammad Shareef
5. Aneeq Javed
Presented To
Ms Abeera Saeed

5. 1. News Casting
• The most interesting outcome of the three day summit between Vladimir Putin an Xi Jinping
got limited media attention.
• Describing that talks, Putin said:” We are in favor of using the Chinese Yuan for settlements
between Russia and the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America”. So the world’s second
largest economy and its largest energy exporter are together actively trying to dent the dollar’s
dominance as the anchor of the international financial system. Will they succeed?
• The dollar is America’s last surviving superpower. It gives Washington unrivaled economic and
political muscle. It can slap sanctions on countries unilaterally, which frees that country out of
large parts of the world’s economy and Washington can spend freely. Certain that its debt will
be bot up by the rest of the world.
• The war against Ukraine, combined with Washington’s increasingly confrontational approach
to China, have created a perfect storm in which both Russia and China are accelerating efforts
to diversify away from the dollar. The central banks are keeping less of their reserves in dollar
and most trade between them is being settled in the yuan. They are also making efforts to get
countries to follow soon.

6. • The Biden administration has handled the economic war against Russia extremely
effectively by building a coalition of almost all the world's advanced economies. That
makes it hard to escape from the dollar into other highly valued, stable Currencies like the
euro or the pound or the Canadian dollar, because those countries are also warring with
Russia.
• What might have been a sharper turning point for the dollar's role was Donald Trump's
decision in May 2018 to pull out of the Iran nuclear The European Union was strenuously
opposed to this but it watched as the dollar's dominance meant that Iran was immediately
excluded from the world economy.

7. 2. News Translation
• Putin and Jinping want to use the Chinese Yuan for settlements between Russia and other
countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. This is an attempt to reduce the dominance of
the US dollar as the global currency.
• However, the US dollar is still very powerful and Washington can impose sanctions on
countries that do not follow its policies.
• Russia and China are trying to diversify away from the dollar, and many central banks are
keeping less of their reserves in the dollar and settling trades with the yuan.
• The Biden administration has been very effective in building a coalition of advanced
economies to impose economic pressures on Russia. This makes it difficult for other
countries to escape from the dollar into other currencies like the euro, pound, or Canadian
dollar.
• The decision of Donald Trump to pull out of the Iran nuclear deal in 2018 also had a
significant impact on the role of the US dollar.

8. 3. News Structure
• A typical news article follows a specific structure known as the inverted pyramid.
• The most important information is presented at the beginning of the article, and the less
important information is presented later on.
• Headline: This is a brief, attention-grabbing statement that summarizes the main point
of the article.
• Lead or Introduction: This is the first paragraph of the article and contains the
most important information. It should answer the basic questions of who, what, when,
where, why, and how.
• Body: This is the main part of the article and provides more details, context, and
background information. It should include quotes from sources, facts, and statistics to
support the story.
• Conclusion: This section summarizes the article and often includes a quote or opinion
from an expert or witness.

9. • Attribution: This is where the source of the information is identified. It should include the name,
title, and affiliation of the person being quoted or the source of the information.
• Additional Information: This section may include related stories, additional resources, or a
call to action for readers.
• Headline: Putin and Xi Jinping discuss using yuan for settlements, challenging dollar's
dominance
• Lead: The three-day summit between Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi
Jinping resulted in a significant outcome that received limited media attention. Putin announced that
he favored using the Chinese yuan for settlements between Russia and countries in Asia, Africa, and
Latin America. This move challenges the dominance of the US dollar as the anchor of the
international financial system.
• Body: The United States’ status as the world’s largest superpower is largely due to the dominance
of the US dollar, which gives Washington unrivaled economic and political muscle. However, the
recent war against Ukraine and the increasingly confrontational approach of the Biden
administration towards China have led to a perfect storm in which Russia and China are accelerating
efforts to diversify away from the dollar. Central banks are keeping less of their reserves in dollars,
and most trade between Russia and China is being settled in yuan. They are also working to get other
countries to follow suit.

10. • Conclusion: The use of the yuan for settlements between Russia and other countries
challenges the dominance of the US dollar as the anchor of the international financial
system. Russia and China are accelerating efforts to diversify away from the dollar, and
central banks are keeping less of their reserves in dollars.
• Attribution: The information in this article comes from Putin’s statement at the
summit and various news sources reporting on the topic.
• Additional Information: None.

11. 4. Situational and Contextual Clues
• Situational and contextual clues are important elements of news reporting as they provide
readers with a deeper understanding of the events being reported.
• Situational clues refer to the specific circumstances surrounding an event, such as
the time, place, and people involved. These details can help readers understand the
significance of the event and its impact on the community.
• Contextual clues refer to the broader historical, social, and cultural factors that
contribute to the event. They help readers understand the larger context in which the
event is taking place, and why it is important.
• By providing both situational and contextual clues, news reporters can help readers
develop a deeper understanding of the events being reported and their broader
significance.
• This can help readers make more informed decisions and engage more fully with their
communities.

12. Situational clues in this news article include :
• Three-day summit between Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping.
• Use of the Chinese yuan for settlements between Russia and other countries.
• War against Ukraine.
• Economic war against Russia.
Contextual clues include :
• Dominance of the US dollar as the anchor of the international financial system.
• Its use in international trade.
• Political and economic power it gives the United States.
• The article also mentions the Biden administration’s coalition-building efforts to maintain
the dollar’s dominance, as well as the European Union’s opposition to Donald Trump’s
decision to pull out of the Iran nuclear deal and the impact this had on Iran’s exclusion
from the world economy.
• The article suggests that both Russia and China are accelerating efforts to diversify away
from the dollar, with central banks keeping less of their reserves in dollars and most trade
between them being settled in yuan. It also notes that other countries may soon follow suit.

13. DifficultWords:
Summit
Unrivaled
Sanctions
Unilaterally
Coalition
Confrontational

14. 5. Synonyms and Antonyms
• Summit
• Meaning: The highest point, peak or pinnacle of a mountain or a hill, or A meeting or
conference of high level officials or leaders.
• Synonyms: Apex, Acme, Peak, Top, Crest.
• Antonyms: Bottom, Base.
• Unrivaled
• Meaning: Having no competitors or unmatched and incomparable.
• Synonyms: Unequalled, Unmatched, Peerless, Unsurpassed
• Antonyms: Average, Ordinary, Common, Run of the Mill

15. • Sanctions
• Meaning: Actions taken usually by countries or governing bodies, to control or punish a
behavior, policy, or activity.
• Synonyms: Penalty, Punishment.
• Antonyms: Approval, Praise, Endorsement.
• Unilaterally
• Meaning: Done by only one party or person, without the agreement or involvement of
all parties.
• Synonyms: Single-handedly, Independently, Solitarily.
• Antonyms: Jointly, Together, Collaboratively.

16. • Coalition
• Meaning: An alliance formed by different groups or individuals to achieve a common
goal.
• Synonyms: Alliance, Union, Federation, Partnership, Confederation.
• Antonyms: Dissolution, Separation, Disbandment.
• Confrontational
• Meaning: Tending to cause conflict, argument, or confrontation.
• Synonyms: Hostile, Aggressive, Combative, Antagonistic.
• Antonyms: Peaceful, Friendly, Conciliatory.