The document provides information about tuberculosis (TB), including that it is a bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs. It describes the two forms of TB as either latent TB infection, where the immune system has contained the bacteria, or active TB disease, where the bacteria are multiplying. Symptoms of active TB disease can include prolonged cough, fever, and weight loss. The document outlines that TB disease is spread through airborne droplets when someone with active TB coughs or sneezes, and notes the risk of transmission is highest with prolonged exposure in enclosed spaces. It also discusses the difference between TB infection and TB disease.

1. TB 101(Tuberculosis)

2. Agenda
1. What is tuberculosis (TB)
2. TB disease
3. TB infection
4. Symptoms of TB disease
5. How TB is spread

3. What is Tuberculosis(TB)?
1. Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by bacteria
2. TB usually affects the lungs (85%), but it can also affect
other parts of the body such as the brain, bones,
kidneys, or the spine
3. TB disease is curable, but it can be fatal if not treated
properly

4. There are Two Forms of TB
TB InfectionTB Disease

5. TB Disease
 Person has breathed in TB bacteria

6. TB Disease
 Person has breathed in TB bacteria

7. TB Disease
 Person has breathed in TB bacteria
 Immune system does not
contain the TB bacteria
 TB is awake and multiplying
 Person sometimes feels sick

8. Symptoms of TB Disease
 Prolonged Cough
(>2-3 weeks duration)
 Wet and Productive
 Dry Cough
 Coughing Up Blood
 Chest Pain
 Fever
 Night Sweats
 Feeling Weak or
Constantly Tired
 Loss of Appetite
 Weight Loss

9. TB Disease
 Person has breathed in TB bacteria
 Immune system does not
contain the TB bacteria
 TB is awake and multiplying
 Person sometimes feels sick
 Chest X-ray is abnormal
 If the TB is in the lungs, the person
may be contagious

10. How is TB Spread?
TB bacteria can be spread when a person with TB disease:
10
• Sings
• Shouts
• Laughs
• Coughs
• Sneezes
• Speaks
These actions send TB germs
into the air

11. TB is NOT Spread by Sharing
 Paper or pencils
 Books
 Desks
 Toilets
 Food
 Eating utensils
 Bedding

12. TB is Only Spread Through the Air

13. Your Risk of Breathing in
TB Bacteria is Highest When…
1. The person who has TB
disease is very contagious
2. You are in close contact for
a prolonged period of time
3. Exposure occurs in a small
enclosed space with poor
ventilation

14. Higher Risk Lower Risk
Room Size
Ventilation
Risk of TB Transmission:
Environmental Conditions

15. There are Two Forms of TB
TB InfectionTB Disease

16. TB Infection
 Person has breathed in TB bacteria

17. TB Infection
 Person has breathed in TB bacteria
 TB skin test is positive

18. TB Infection
 Person has breathed in TB bacteria
 TB skin test is positive
 Chest X-ray is normal

19. TB Infection
 Person has breathed in TB bacteria
 TB skin test is positive
 Chest X-ray is normal
 Immune system has contained the TB
bacteria
 Bacteria becomes dormant (sleeping)
 Person is not sick
 Person is NOT contagious
 Medicine is available to treat the
infection and prevent TB disease in
the future

20. TB Infection to TB Disease
 For healthy adults, if you have TB infection (positive TB skin
test and normal chest X-ray), your highest risk (5%) of going
from TB infection to TB disease is in the first two years after
you have been infected
 After the first two years, for the rest of your life there is a 5%
risk of going from TB infection to TB disease
 10% total lifetime risk of developing TB disease
 The risk of developing TB disease is higher for people with
weak immune systems (e.g, children <5 years old and people
with diabetes, cancer, HIV, or kidney disease)

21. TB Infection to TB Disease
Risk of developing
TB disease during the first
two years from the time
of TB infection = 5%
Time of
TB infection
First Two Years Remaining Years of Life
Risk of developing TB disease
after the first two years
from the time of TB infection = 5%
Lifetime risk of developing TB disease = 10%