CNC

1. Introduction to CNC and Part
Programming
Based on the syllabus coverage
Presented by: [Your Name]

2. Introduction to NC Systems and
CNC
• • NC (Numerical Control) uses coded
instructions for machine control.
• • CNC (Computer Numerical Control) extends
NC with computer integration.
• • Offers precision, automation, and
repeatability in manufacturing.

3. Machine Axis and Coordinate
System
• • CNC machines follow Cartesian coordinate
system (X, Y, Z).
• • Additional axes (A, B, C) in multi-axis CNC
machines.
• • Right-hand rule used to define directions.
• • Absolute and incremental positioning
systems.

4. CNC Machine Tools – Principle of
Operation
• • CNC interprets G/M-code to automate
machining tasks.
• • Movement is controlled by motors and
drives based on code.
• • Position feedback from encoders ensures
accuracy.
• • Highly programmable and repeatable
operations.

5. Construction Features – Structure,
Drives, CNC Controllers
• • Machine Structure: Base, column, spindle,
table.
• • Drives: Stepper or servo motors for motion
control.
• • CNC Controllers: Interface between program
and machine motion (FANUC, Siemens etc.).

6. 2D and 3D Machining on CNC
• • 2D machining: Contour cutting, pocketing,
drilling.
• • 3D machining: Complex surface milling using
multiple axes.
• • CAM software generates tool paths for 3D
geometries.

7. Introduction to Part Programming
– Types
• • Manual Programming: Hand-coded G/M
codes.
• • Computer-Assisted Programming: CAM
software-generated code.
• • Conversational Programming: Menu-driven
input on controllers.

8. FANUC Programming for Lathe &
Milling (G & M Codes)
• • G-Codes: Prepare for motion (e.g., G01 –
Linear move).
• • M-Codes: Machine functions (e.g., M03 –
Spindle on CW).
• • Used to control spindle, feed, tool path,
coolant, etc.
• • Example: G00 X0 Y0 Z0; G01 X50 Y50 F100;
M05

9. Cutting Cycles, Loops,
Subprograms, Macros
• • Cutting Cycles: Canned cycles like G81
(drilling), G83 (peck drilling).
• • Loops: Repeat commands using counters.
• • Subprograms: Reusable code blocks
(M98/M99).
• • Macros: Variables and conditional logic for
custom automation.

10. Introduction to CAM Package
• • CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing)
generates tool paths from CAD models.
• • Examples: Fusion 360, Mastercam,
SolidCAM.
• • Automates G-code generation and simulates
machining.
• • Enhances productivity and reduces
programming errors.