The healthcare system includes providers like doctors and nurses, facilities where care is delivered, and payers who fund healthcare services. Long term care is for those needing 24-hour care, while assisted living and adult daycare are for seniors who don't require constant attention. Different types of care include acute, skilled, rehabilitation, outpatient, subacute, and hospice. Health plans like HMOs require using specific doctors to control costs, while PPOs offer networks of providers with incentives for employees and employers.