Cloud Design Patterns

Learn Cloud Design Patterns using Azure
Karthikeyan VK
Karthik_3030@yahoo.com
@karthik3030
https://blogs.karthikeyanvk.in

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Why Cloud Design Patterns?
Availability & Resilience are hard in Cloud.
Performance and scalability are taken for granted in cloud.
Data management not a trivial Problem.

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Why Cloud Design Patterns?
 It provides Off-the-shelf solution.
Automatically handles quality attributes.

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What is Design Patterns ?
Design patterns are typical solutions to common problems in
software design.
Each pattern is like a blueprint that you can customize to solve a
particular design problem in your code.

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Name two design patterns you
know

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Principles based Design

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Why Principles ?
Not Technology Bound.
Helps decision-making process.

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Solid Principles
S- Single Responsibility
O – Open Close Principle
L – Liskov Principle
I – Interface segregation
D – Dependency Injection

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Solid Principles
S- Single Responsibility

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Solid Principles
O – Open Close Principle

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Solid Principles
L – Liskov Principle

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Solid Principles
I – Interface segregation

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Solid Principles
D – Dependency Injection

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Dependency injection facilitates ?

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Dependency injection facilitates
?
Unit Testing

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Cloud Design Principles
Design for self healing.
Make all things redundant
Design to scale out
Partition around limits
Design for operations- Deployment, Monitoring, Incident
response, Auditing

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Cloud Design Principles
Design for Evolution.
Use the best data store for the Job
Build for the business needs. Think YAGNI

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Why cloud applications should
be designed for self healing

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Hardware failure is high in cloud because the hardware is treated
as cattle and not as pet.
Why cloud applications should
be designed for self healing

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CQRS Pattern
Command Query Responsibility Segregation.
Command – Create/Update/Delete
Query – Select or Fetch

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CQRS Pattern

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Strangler Pattern
Incrementally migrate a legacy system by gradually replacing
specific pieces of functionality with new applications and
services.

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Strangler Pattern

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What kind of project we can use
strangler pattern.
 Migration
 Green Field Projects

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What kind of project we can use
strangler pattern.
Migration Projects
 Migration
 Green Field Projects

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Pipes and Filters pattern
Decompose a task that performs complex processing into a series
of separate elements that can be reused.
The processing required by an application can easily be broken
down into a set of independent steps.
Keep your classes DUMB

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Pipes and Filters pattern

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What kind of architecture the pipes and
filters pattern represent.
 Asynchronous
 Synchronous

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What kind of architecture the pipes and
filters pattern represent.
 Asynchronous
 Synchronous
Asynchronous

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Circuit Breaker Pattern
Handle faults that might take a variable amount of time to
recover from, when connecting to a remote service or resource.
Three States – Open, Half-Open, Closed State.
Use POLLY – nugget package to implement. Straight forward
solution.

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Circuit Breaker Pattern

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Three states of Circuit Breaker Pattern

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Three states of Circuit Breaker Pattern
Open
Half Open
Closed

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Compensating Transaction Pattern
Undo the work performed by a series of steps, if one or more of
the steps fail.
A compensating transaction is application specific.

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Compensating Transaction Pattern
Used in places where there is an eventual consistency
Solves the No-SQL world problem with different data store in
Microservices

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Where is Compensating Transaction pattern
used mostly
 SQL World with strong transaction
 No-SQL world with poor transaction

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Where is Compensating Transaction pattern
used mostly
 SQL World with strong transaction
 No-SQL world with poor transaction
No-SQL

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Static Content Hosting
Deploy static content to a cloud-based storage service that can
deliver them directly to the client.
This can reduce the need for potentially expensive compute
instances.

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May not be suitable in application that needs to perform some
processing on the static content before delivering it to the client.
For example, it might be necessary to add a timestamp to a
document

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Gate-Keeper Pattern
Protect applications and services by using a dedicated host
instance that acts as a broker between clients and the application
Validates and sanitizes requests, and passes requests and data
between them.

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Gate-Keeper Pattern

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Event Sourcing Pattern
Instead of storing just the current state of the data in a domain,
use an append-only store to record the full series of actions
taken on that data.
The events are persisted in an event store that acts as the system
of record (the authoritative data source) about the current state
of the data.

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Event Sourcing Pattern

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Name one Event source ?

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Name one Event source ?
Apache Kafka, Service Bus, Queue/Blob Storage

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Sharding Pattern
Divide a data store into a set of horizontal partitions or shards.
This can improve scalability when storing and accessing large
volumes of data.

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Sharding Pattern

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Sidecar Pattern
Deploy components of an application into a separate process or
container to provide isolation and encapsulation.
Applications and services often require related functionality, such
as monitoring, logging, configuration, and networking services

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Sidecar Pattern

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Sidecar Pattern
SSL Termination by application gateway.
Health monitoring is deployed as service in the host to be used
by multiple services.

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Anti-Patterns

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Who is the best tester for our
applications?

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Who is the best tester for our
applications?
Actual app user

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Why Anti-Patterns ?
Application behaves well during all types of testing. But behaves
badly in production.
 The development team is then faced with two questions:
• Why didn't this behaviour show up during testing?
• How do we fix it?

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What is Anti-Patterns ?
Anti-Pattern is a common practice that is likely to cause problems
when an application is under pressure.
It's very difficult in a test environment to simulate real users.

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How to write business logic in
database itself

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How to write business logic in
database itself
Stored Procedure

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Busy Database Anti-Pattern
Offloading processing to a database server can cause it to spend
a significant proportion of time running code.
Remember stored procedures and triggers !

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No Caching Anti-Pattern
Repeatedly fetching the same information from a resource that is
expensive to access, in terms of I/O overhead.
Also think about stale data
Remember the expiring cache. Absolute or Sliding expiration.
Monitor your application and queries

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Name two levels of caching in
web application

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Name two levels of caching in
web application
Http Cache.
External cache such as Redis

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What is the problem with too
many microservices ?

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What is the problem with too
many microservices
Every microservices need to talk to each other a lot

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Chatty I/O Anti-Pattern
The cumulative effect of a large number of I/O requests can have
a significant impact on performance and responsiveness.
Packaging the data into larger, fewer requests
Problem seen in improper domain division in Microservices.

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Name the pattern where the
instance is created once

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Name the pattern where the
instance is created once
Singleton

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Improper Instantiation Anti-Pattern
It can hurt performance to continually create new instances of an
object that is meant to be created once and then shared.
Think about singleton pattern.
Always reuse System.Net.Http.HttpClient or any connection
related broker classes

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References
@karthik3030
• https://code-maze.com/liskov-substitution-principle/
• https://medium.com/@domagojk/patterns-for-designing-flexible-architecture-in-node-js-cqrs-
es-onion-7eb10bbefe17
• http://cloudgirl.tech/data-partitioning-vertical-horizontal-hybrid-partitioning/
• https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/

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Networking and more
@karthik3030
• https://www.facebook.com/aspiringDotnetArchitects/
• https://www.meetup.com/Chennai-Microsoft-Azure-User-Group/
• https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJxa58lDcDj4tYQIHh7ORxA

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@karthik3030
Thank you
/Q&A

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