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CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI
GRAM POSITIVE ROD
CLOSTRIDIUM SPECIES
•Clostridium tetanus
•Clostridium botulinum
•Clostridium perfringens
•Clostridium difficile
DISEASES
• Tetanus causes stiffness or spasm in the muscles inability to move easily
and without pain. (Spastic paralysis)
• Opistotonus, a position in which exaggerated arching or curve ,
hyperextension & spasticity of the head, neck, spinal column and back
• Risus sardonicus (rictus grin ) spasm facial muscles that appears to
produce grinning (reveal the teeth)
• Lock jaw (stiffness of the jaw)
• Cellulitis with crepitus (any grinding) in area to compound or open
fracture of leg during motor cycle accident
• Neonatal tetanus contaminated umbilicus or circumcision wound
HABIAT & TRANSMISSION
• Habiat
• Soil (widespread spores)
• Transmission
• Traumatic break in the skin
• Spores is favored by necrotic tissue and poor blood supply in wound
• Rusty nails when nails penetrate the foot at wound site
• Skin popping, drug addict to inject drugs into skin form scars depressed,
irregular, and circular; hyper- or hypopigmented
• Deep seated wound or stab wound which is penetrating trauma to the skin
• Bike accident
• Neonatal tetanus contaminated umbilicus or circumcision wound
PATHOGENESIS
• Spores germinate under anaerobic condition in the puncture wound.
• Tetanus toxin (tetanuspasmin) exotoxin produce by vegetative cells (actively
growing) at wound site.
• Retrograde or intra axonally transport to CNS specially spinal cord,
• Protease or polypeptide toxin that cleave snare proteins involved in release
of inhibitory neurotransmitters
• Bind to ganglioside receptors glycosphingolipids present in the membranes
of neuronal
• Block the inhibitory mediators GABA and glycine from renshaw cells from
spinal neurons at spinal synapses
CHARACTERISTICS
•Gram positive rod
•Obligate Anaerobic
•Terminal spore (Spore forming at the
one end)
•Look like tennis racket
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
•Clinical diagnosis primarily history, and
the signs and symptoms
•Rarely isolated organism
TREATMENT
•Hyper immune human globulin to
neutralize toxin
•Spasmolytic drugs i.e Diazepam (valium)
•Penicillin G (No significant resistance to
penicillin)
PREVENTION
• Toxoid vaccine (formaldehyde treated toxin )
• Given to children in combination with diphtheria
toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP)
• Passive active immunization ( if patient is injured and
not immunized, give hyper immune globulin plus
tetanus toxoid at different sites in the body)
• Give tetanus toxoid booster every 10 years
• Debride wound removal of dead, damaged, or
BUNDLE OF THANKS
Subscribe our youtube channel for this
lecture and for other medical and health
related videos.
Click here
https://youtube.com/channel/UC6wpLe
CKNqTOLGfRXHFz_Aw

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Clostridium Tetani Bacteria | Clinical Bacteriology | Microbiology Lecture

  • 1.
  • 3. CLOSTRIDIUM SPECIES •Clostridium tetanus •Clostridium botulinum •Clostridium perfringens •Clostridium difficile
  • 4. DISEASES • Tetanus causes stiffness or spasm in the muscles inability to move easily and without pain. (Spastic paralysis) • Opistotonus, a position in which exaggerated arching or curve , hyperextension & spasticity of the head, neck, spinal column and back • Risus sardonicus (rictus grin ) spasm facial muscles that appears to produce grinning (reveal the teeth) • Lock jaw (stiffness of the jaw) • Cellulitis with crepitus (any grinding) in area to compound or open fracture of leg during motor cycle accident • Neonatal tetanus contaminated umbilicus or circumcision wound
  • 5.
  • 6. HABIAT & TRANSMISSION • Habiat • Soil (widespread spores) • Transmission • Traumatic break in the skin • Spores is favored by necrotic tissue and poor blood supply in wound • Rusty nails when nails penetrate the foot at wound site • Skin popping, drug addict to inject drugs into skin form scars depressed, irregular, and circular; hyper- or hypopigmented • Deep seated wound or stab wound which is penetrating trauma to the skin • Bike accident • Neonatal tetanus contaminated umbilicus or circumcision wound
  • 7. PATHOGENESIS • Spores germinate under anaerobic condition in the puncture wound. • Tetanus toxin (tetanuspasmin) exotoxin produce by vegetative cells (actively growing) at wound site. • Retrograde or intra axonally transport to CNS specially spinal cord, • Protease or polypeptide toxin that cleave snare proteins involved in release of inhibitory neurotransmitters • Bind to ganglioside receptors glycosphingolipids present in the membranes of neuronal • Block the inhibitory mediators GABA and glycine from renshaw cells from spinal neurons at spinal synapses
  • 8. CHARACTERISTICS •Gram positive rod •Obligate Anaerobic •Terminal spore (Spore forming at the one end) •Look like tennis racket
  • 9. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS •Clinical diagnosis primarily history, and the signs and symptoms •Rarely isolated organism
  • 10. TREATMENT •Hyper immune human globulin to neutralize toxin •Spasmolytic drugs i.e Diazepam (valium) •Penicillin G (No significant resistance to penicillin)
  • 11. PREVENTION • Toxoid vaccine (formaldehyde treated toxin ) • Given to children in combination with diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) • Passive active immunization ( if patient is injured and not immunized, give hyper immune globulin plus tetanus toxoid at different sites in the body) • Give tetanus toxoid booster every 10 years • Debride wound removal of dead, damaged, or
  • 12. BUNDLE OF THANKS Subscribe our youtube channel for this lecture and for other medical and health related videos. Click here https://youtube.com/channel/UC6wpLe CKNqTOLGfRXHFz_Aw