This document provides an overview and review of common pediatric diseases involving the eye, ear, nose, throat and respiratory systems. It covers various eye conditions including blepharitis, hordeolum, chalazion, conjunctivitis and more. Ear conditions discussed are otitis externa, otitis media, and mastoiditis. For the nose, it touches on epistaxis, rhinitis and sinusitis. The document provides details on diagnosing and treating each condition.
This document discusses key features of the neuro-ophthalmic history and examination for conditions requiring immediate investigation and treatment. It covers conditions like papilloedema due to increased intracranial pressure which requires urgent referral to neurology. It also discusses strokes which require immediate imaging and management. Third nerve palsies are prioritized due to risk of aneurysm rupture. Horner's syndrome is discussed along with apraclonidine testing and potential need for MRI investigation.
Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause that commonly involves the lungs. It occurs worldwide and is characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas in affected organs. While the cause is unknown, it is believed to involve a dysregulated immune response in genetically susceptible individuals. Clinical manifestations vary depending on the organs involved but commonly include respiratory symptoms as well as skin and eye lesions. Diagnosis involves clinical and radiological evidence of granulomatous inflammation along with exclusion of other potential causes. Prognosis is generally good with many patients experiencing resolution of symptoms within a few years.
This document provides information about Dr. Islam Kassem and his team who perform salivary gland surgery. It lists some of Dr. Kassem's publications on topics like parotitis related to Covid 19. The document then gives advice on oral diagnosis and the diagnostic sequence which involves detecting and examining lesions, examining the patient, developing differential diagnoses, and making a final diagnosis. It also provides details on various aspects of history taking and physical examination for oral diagnosis.
This document provides an overview of evaluating and managing trauma patients. It discusses:
- The primary survey using cABCDE to rapidly identify and treat life-threatening injuries, including controlling hemorrhage, airway management, breathing/ventilation, circulation, disability, and exposure.
- The secondary survey which is a detailed head-to-toe exam after initial stabilization to identify all injuries.
- The tertiary survey done on conscious patients to identify any missed minor injuries.
- Key aspects of the primary survey include rapid hemorrhage control, cervical spine stabilization, ventilation support, IV access and fluid resuscitation, neurological exam, and full exposure to examine for all injuries.
Torpedo maculopathy was diagnosed in a young patient based on the characteristic appearance and location of the lesion. Multiple bilateral lesions were discovered in a child that were suggestive of familial adenomatous polyposis. Recurrent branch retinal artery occlusions in a young patient led to the diagnosis of Susac's syndrome based on the clinical triad of neurological symptoms, hearing loss, and retinal vascular occlusions.
This document provides guidance for medical interns on case sheet writing and obtaining patient consent. It outlines the necessary components of a case sheet including demographics, history of present illness, past medical history, examination findings, diagnostic testing, treatment plan, and discharge instructions. Tips are provided for taking a patient's history such as introducing oneself, speaking softly, and avoiding hurtful language. The different types of consent are defined including informed consent, written consent, and high risk consent. Obtaining proper consent is emphasized as an important part of hospital practice.
Presentations and Management of Intracranial Abscess.pptxCHIZOWA EZEAKU
summary on intracranial abscess with emphasis on aetiology, pathogenesis, pathology, forms of presentations , investigations and treatment options of brain abscess.
Presentations and management of intracranial abscessCHIZOWA EZEAKU
This document presents two case studies of patients presenting with intracranial abscesses and provides an overview of presentation and management of intracranial abscesses. The first case is of a 4-year-old female with a right frontal lobe brain abscess likely from a hematogenous source. The second case is of a 55-year-old male with a right frontal lobe brain abscess developing from a machete wound to the scalp. The document then covers the epidemiology, classification, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, treatment options including medical and surgical management, and prognosis of intracranial abscesses.
This document discusses key features of the neuro-ophthalmic history and examination for conditions requiring immediate investigation and treatment. It covers conditions like papilloedema due to increased intracranial pressure which requires urgent referral to neurology. It also discusses strokes which require immediate imaging and management. Third nerve palsies are prioritized due to risk of aneurysm rupture. Horner's syndrome is discussed along with apraclonidine testing and potential need for MRI investigation.
Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause that commonly involves the lungs. It occurs worldwide and is characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas in affected organs. While the cause is unknown, it is believed to involve a dysregulated immune response in genetically susceptible individuals. Clinical manifestations vary depending on the organs involved but commonly include respiratory symptoms as well as skin and eye lesions. Diagnosis involves clinical and radiological evidence of granulomatous inflammation along with exclusion of other potential causes. Prognosis is generally good with many patients experiencing resolution of symptoms within a few years.
This document provides information about Dr. Islam Kassem and his team who perform salivary gland surgery. It lists some of Dr. Kassem's publications on topics like parotitis related to Covid 19. The document then gives advice on oral diagnosis and the diagnostic sequence which involves detecting and examining lesions, examining the patient, developing differential diagnoses, and making a final diagnosis. It also provides details on various aspects of history taking and physical examination for oral diagnosis.
This document provides an overview of evaluating and managing trauma patients. It discusses:
- The primary survey using cABCDE to rapidly identify and treat life-threatening injuries, including controlling hemorrhage, airway management, breathing/ventilation, circulation, disability, and exposure.
- The secondary survey which is a detailed head-to-toe exam after initial stabilization to identify all injuries.
- The tertiary survey done on conscious patients to identify any missed minor injuries.
- Key aspects of the primary survey include rapid hemorrhage control, cervical spine stabilization, ventilation support, IV access and fluid resuscitation, neurological exam, and full exposure to examine for all injuries.
Torpedo maculopathy was diagnosed in a young patient based on the characteristic appearance and location of the lesion. Multiple bilateral lesions were discovered in a child that were suggestive of familial adenomatous polyposis. Recurrent branch retinal artery occlusions in a young patient led to the diagnosis of Susac's syndrome based on the clinical triad of neurological symptoms, hearing loss, and retinal vascular occlusions.
This document provides guidance for medical interns on case sheet writing and obtaining patient consent. It outlines the necessary components of a case sheet including demographics, history of present illness, past medical history, examination findings, diagnostic testing, treatment plan, and discharge instructions. Tips are provided for taking a patient's history such as introducing oneself, speaking softly, and avoiding hurtful language. The different types of consent are defined including informed consent, written consent, and high risk consent. Obtaining proper consent is emphasized as an important part of hospital practice.
Presentations and Management of Intracranial Abscess.pptxCHIZOWA EZEAKU
summary on intracranial abscess with emphasis on aetiology, pathogenesis, pathology, forms of presentations , investigations and treatment options of brain abscess.
Presentations and management of intracranial abscessCHIZOWA EZEAKU
This document presents two case studies of patients presenting with intracranial abscesses and provides an overview of presentation and management of intracranial abscesses. The first case is of a 4-year-old female with a right frontal lobe brain abscess likely from a hematogenous source. The second case is of a 55-year-old male with a right frontal lobe brain abscess developing from a machete wound to the scalp. The document then covers the epidemiology, classification, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, treatment options including medical and surgical management, and prognosis of intracranial abscesses.
This document provides guidance on the initial assessment and management of polytrauma patients. It outlines the following key points in 3 sentences:
1) The primary survey focuses on identifying and treating immediate life threats through a DRABCDE approach. 2) The secondary survey involves a full history and physical exam to identify all injuries once life threats are stabilized. 3) Key life threats in polytrauma include airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, massive hemorrhage, and impaired neurological status which must be rapidly identified and
Primary and secondary survey379487438.pptAnnaya Khan
The document outlines the process for initially assessing and managing a multiply injured patient. This includes conducting a primary survey to identify life-threatening conditions like airway obstruction, breathing issues, hemorrhage and disability using ABCDE. Resuscitation efforts like securing the airway, oxygenation, IV fluids and hemorrhage control are performed simultaneously. Next, a secondary survey involves a full physical exam, patient history and diagnostic testing to identify all injuries. The patient is then monitored and stabilized before transfer for definitive care and surgical intervention if needed. Repeated assessments are important to detect any deterioration.
The document discusses various types of thoracic trauma injuries that can occur. It covers immediately life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax, massive haemothorax, and pericardial tamponade that require urgent treatment to control bleeding and decompress the chest. It also discusses potentially life-threatening injuries such as aortic injuries, flail chest, pulmonary contusion, and diaphragmatic injuries that may require procedures like chest drain insertion or surgery if complications occur.
PRE-OPERATIVE AND INTRA-OPERATIVE CARE OF THE ANESTHESIA PATIENT group 8-2.pptxDakaneMaalim
1. The document discusses pre-operative and intra-operative care of anesthesia patients, outlining factors like history, physical exam, labs, and risk assessment that are important to evaluate patients.
2. Key parts of evaluation include assessing airway, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, medications, allergies, and relevant medical history.
3. The goals are to decrease risks and complications, make plans for anesthesia, and optimize patient condition and education prior to surgery.
Minor Illnesses & Common Pediatric Procedurescairo1957
This document discusses common minor illnesses and pediatric procedures related to anesthesia. It covers issues related to canceling surgeries and reasons for postponing procedures, such as optimizing a patient's clinical condition. Common illnesses that may impact anesthesia include respiratory issues like colds, ear infections, and asthma. The document provides guidance on murmurs, noting most in children are innocent, and outlines considerations for general anesthesia with upper respiratory tract infections. It also addresses the effect of general anesthesia on immunity and vaccination.
The four pairs of paranasal sinuses are located in the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones. Sinusitis is inflammation of the paranasal sinus lining and can be acute (<1 month), subacute (1-3 months), or chronic (>3 months). The sinuses are normally lined with ciliated epithelium and function includes resonance, skull weight reduction, eye protection, and air humidification. Risk factors include common colds, cystic fibrosis, and structural abnormalities. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, and acute bacterial sinusitis is usually treated with antibiotics if symptoms persist beyond 10 days. Complications include orbital and intracranial infections. Chronic sinusitis has multiple causes
This document discusses the diagnosis and management of various ear, nose, and throat (ENT) disorders in children. It presents several case examples of common ENT conditions like acute otitis media, mastoiditis, otitis media with effusion, and others. For each case, it describes the presenting symptoms, typical clinical and imaging findings, and recommended treatment approaches. The document also covers topics like hearing assessment techniques, nasal foreign bodies, branchial cleft cysts, sinusitis definitions and more. The goal is to help clinicians differentially diagnose and appropriately manage a variety of pediatric ENT conditions.
Slides prepared and compiled by highly experienced ENT teacher, Dr. Krishna Koirala from Nepal , for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
A clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts in the subject matter concerned.
He is the Head of department with a sound knowledge in the field of ENT to teach both undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students.
This presentation gives a lucid idea about different neoplasms of nose like inverted papilloma, ca maxilla, ethmoid and so on.
Slides prepared and compiled by highly experienced ENT teacher, Dr. Krishna Koirala from Nepal , for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
A clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts in the subject matter concerned. He is the Head of department with a sound knowledge in the field of ENT to teach both undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students
This document provides an overview of skull base anatomy and imaging of skull base pathology. It begins with a description of the bones that make up the skull base and key anatomical structures like foramina and sinuses. Common pathologies are then discussed, including tumors originating from within the skull base (intra-axial) or adjacent structures outside the skull base (extra-axial). Example cases of chordoma and glomus tumor are presented with imaging findings. Finally, some hints and tips for skull base MRI interpretation are provided.
1. The document discusses the approach to evaluating a case of childhood proptosis, or forward protrusion of the eyeball. It covers taking a thorough history, performing ocular and systemic examinations, ordering relevant imaging and lab tests, and considering key differential diagnoses.
2. Differential diagnoses discussed include orbital cellulitis, rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, and leukemia. Each condition has distinguishing features on examination such as pain, unilateral vs bilateral involvement, presence of masses, and ocular findings.
3. Imaging techniques like CT, MRI, and ultrasound are important investigations to identify the cause of proptosis. Biopsies may also be needed
This document provides goals and objectives for a training on evaluating and treating stroke patients in the pre-hospital setting. It reviews relevant neuroanatomy, stroke pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical assessment tools like NIHSS and LAMS scoring. It discusses distinguishing between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke as well as common stroke mimics. The training emphasizes the importance of the pre-hospital evaluation and communicating findings to the hospital to expedite diagnosis and treatment. A case study demonstrates applying these clinical skills to assess a patient and consider differential diagnoses.
This document discusses the importance of preoperative assessment and premedication in anesthesia. It outlines the goals of the preoperative visit including assessing fitness for anesthesia and optimizing medical conditions. The document describes taking an anesthetic history and physical examination, with a focus on evaluating the cardiovascular, respiratory and airway systems. It discusses using tests like Mallampati scoring and thyromental distance to predict potential airway difficulties. The document also covers determining appropriate preoperative investigations and developing an anesthetic plan tailored to each patient's needs.
Management of sinonasal tract tumors 27082018Varshu Goel
This document discusses the management of sinonasal tract tumors. It begins with the anatomy and lymphatic drainage of the sinonasal tract. It then discusses the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup including imaging, and staging of sinonasal tumors. Finally, it briefly discusses the treatment modalities and follow up for sinonasal tumors.
This document discusses the approach for suspected parathyroid adenoma. It begins with a brief historical overview of discoveries related to the parathyroid glands and their relationship to calcium metabolism. It then covers the embryology, anatomy, characteristics and vascular supply of the parathyroid glands. The document discusses various localization techniques used preoperatively including ultrasound, scintigraphy, SPECT, CT and MRI. It also discusses invasive techniques. Surgical indications and various surgical techniques for parathyroidectomy are outlined including open, minimally invasive and endoscopic approaches. The role of intraoperative PTH monitoring is also summarized.
This document outlines the general approach and concepts for treating traumatic patients according to Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) guidelines. It describes treating the greatest threats to life first using the ABCDE approach to assess the airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure. The primary survey involves rapid assessment and interventions to stabilize the patient, while the secondary survey entails a full physical exam and diagnostic testing. Key interventions discussed include intubation, chest tube insertion, hemorrhage control, and use of the Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) exam to evaluate for internal bleeding. Definitive care may involve transfer to the operating room or intensive care unit based on specialty consultations.
Trauma management involves initial assessment and stabilization of airway, breathing, circulation, disability and exposure (ABCDE). The primary survey assesses life threats and guides resuscitation efforts. Key priorities include spinal immobilization, hemorrhage control, and treating tension pneumothorax. Secondary survey involves full head-to-toe examination and history to identify all injuries requiring attention or monitoring. Management requires a multidisciplinary team approach. Proper preparation and coordination of care is essential for optimal trauma outcomes.
This document discusses the diagnostic approaches used for carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) in the neck. The goals are to clarify the histology of nodal metastases and detect the primary tumor. Investigations include a thorough history and physical exam, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), imaging like CT, MRI and PET-CT scans of the head, neck, chest and abdomen, endoscopy, and molecular assays. If the primary is not detected, examination under general anesthesia with biopsies of suspicious sites is recommended. Together these diagnostic tests aim to identify the origin and stage of the cancer.
Otitis media with effusion, also known as serous otitis media or glue ear, is defined as the chronic accumulation of fluid in the middle ear caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction. It is a common reason for pediatric visits and the most frequent cause of hearing loss in children. Risk factors include young age, male gender, attendance at daycare, and winter season. Diagnosis involves tympanometry showing a flat tympanic membrane and treatment options include watchful waiting, antibiotics, myringotomy with tube insertion, or adenoidectomy. Complications can include permanent hearing loss if left untreated.
This document summarizes various complications that can arise from otitis media. It discusses both extracranial complications like mastoiditis, mastoid abscesses, and facial nerve palsy, as well as intracranial complications like labyrinthitis, meningitis, brain abscesses, and lateral sinus thrombophlebitis. It provides details on the pathology, clinical features, investigations, differential diagnosis, and management of each complication.
This document provides guidance on the initial assessment and management of polytrauma patients. It outlines the following key points in 3 sentences:
1) The primary survey focuses on identifying and treating immediate life threats through a DRABCDE approach. 2) The secondary survey involves a full history and physical exam to identify all injuries once life threats are stabilized. 3) Key life threats in polytrauma include airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, massive hemorrhage, and impaired neurological status which must be rapidly identified and
Primary and secondary survey379487438.pptAnnaya Khan
The document outlines the process for initially assessing and managing a multiply injured patient. This includes conducting a primary survey to identify life-threatening conditions like airway obstruction, breathing issues, hemorrhage and disability using ABCDE. Resuscitation efforts like securing the airway, oxygenation, IV fluids and hemorrhage control are performed simultaneously. Next, a secondary survey involves a full physical exam, patient history and diagnostic testing to identify all injuries. The patient is then monitored and stabilized before transfer for definitive care and surgical intervention if needed. Repeated assessments are important to detect any deterioration.
The document discusses various types of thoracic trauma injuries that can occur. It covers immediately life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax, massive haemothorax, and pericardial tamponade that require urgent treatment to control bleeding and decompress the chest. It also discusses potentially life-threatening injuries such as aortic injuries, flail chest, pulmonary contusion, and diaphragmatic injuries that may require procedures like chest drain insertion or surgery if complications occur.
PRE-OPERATIVE AND INTRA-OPERATIVE CARE OF THE ANESTHESIA PATIENT group 8-2.pptxDakaneMaalim
1. The document discusses pre-operative and intra-operative care of anesthesia patients, outlining factors like history, physical exam, labs, and risk assessment that are important to evaluate patients.
2. Key parts of evaluation include assessing airway, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, medications, allergies, and relevant medical history.
3. The goals are to decrease risks and complications, make plans for anesthesia, and optimize patient condition and education prior to surgery.
Minor Illnesses & Common Pediatric Procedurescairo1957
This document discusses common minor illnesses and pediatric procedures related to anesthesia. It covers issues related to canceling surgeries and reasons for postponing procedures, such as optimizing a patient's clinical condition. Common illnesses that may impact anesthesia include respiratory issues like colds, ear infections, and asthma. The document provides guidance on murmurs, noting most in children are innocent, and outlines considerations for general anesthesia with upper respiratory tract infections. It also addresses the effect of general anesthesia on immunity and vaccination.
The four pairs of paranasal sinuses are located in the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones. Sinusitis is inflammation of the paranasal sinus lining and can be acute (<1 month), subacute (1-3 months), or chronic (>3 months). The sinuses are normally lined with ciliated epithelium and function includes resonance, skull weight reduction, eye protection, and air humidification. Risk factors include common colds, cystic fibrosis, and structural abnormalities. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, and acute bacterial sinusitis is usually treated with antibiotics if symptoms persist beyond 10 days. Complications include orbital and intracranial infections. Chronic sinusitis has multiple causes
This document discusses the diagnosis and management of various ear, nose, and throat (ENT) disorders in children. It presents several case examples of common ENT conditions like acute otitis media, mastoiditis, otitis media with effusion, and others. For each case, it describes the presenting symptoms, typical clinical and imaging findings, and recommended treatment approaches. The document also covers topics like hearing assessment techniques, nasal foreign bodies, branchial cleft cysts, sinusitis definitions and more. The goal is to help clinicians differentially diagnose and appropriately manage a variety of pediatric ENT conditions.
Slides prepared and compiled by highly experienced ENT teacher, Dr. Krishna Koirala from Nepal , for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
A clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts in the subject matter concerned.
He is the Head of department with a sound knowledge in the field of ENT to teach both undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students.
This presentation gives a lucid idea about different neoplasms of nose like inverted papilloma, ca maxilla, ethmoid and so on.
Slides prepared and compiled by highly experienced ENT teacher, Dr. Krishna Koirala from Nepal , for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
A clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts in the subject matter concerned. He is the Head of department with a sound knowledge in the field of ENT to teach both undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students
This document provides an overview of skull base anatomy and imaging of skull base pathology. It begins with a description of the bones that make up the skull base and key anatomical structures like foramina and sinuses. Common pathologies are then discussed, including tumors originating from within the skull base (intra-axial) or adjacent structures outside the skull base (extra-axial). Example cases of chordoma and glomus tumor are presented with imaging findings. Finally, some hints and tips for skull base MRI interpretation are provided.
1. The document discusses the approach to evaluating a case of childhood proptosis, or forward protrusion of the eyeball. It covers taking a thorough history, performing ocular and systemic examinations, ordering relevant imaging and lab tests, and considering key differential diagnoses.
2. Differential diagnoses discussed include orbital cellulitis, rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, and leukemia. Each condition has distinguishing features on examination such as pain, unilateral vs bilateral involvement, presence of masses, and ocular findings.
3. Imaging techniques like CT, MRI, and ultrasound are important investigations to identify the cause of proptosis. Biopsies may also be needed
This document provides goals and objectives for a training on evaluating and treating stroke patients in the pre-hospital setting. It reviews relevant neuroanatomy, stroke pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical assessment tools like NIHSS and LAMS scoring. It discusses distinguishing between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke as well as common stroke mimics. The training emphasizes the importance of the pre-hospital evaluation and communicating findings to the hospital to expedite diagnosis and treatment. A case study demonstrates applying these clinical skills to assess a patient and consider differential diagnoses.
This document discusses the importance of preoperative assessment and premedication in anesthesia. It outlines the goals of the preoperative visit including assessing fitness for anesthesia and optimizing medical conditions. The document describes taking an anesthetic history and physical examination, with a focus on evaluating the cardiovascular, respiratory and airway systems. It discusses using tests like Mallampati scoring and thyromental distance to predict potential airway difficulties. The document also covers determining appropriate preoperative investigations and developing an anesthetic plan tailored to each patient's needs.
Management of sinonasal tract tumors 27082018Varshu Goel
This document discusses the management of sinonasal tract tumors. It begins with the anatomy and lymphatic drainage of the sinonasal tract. It then discusses the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup including imaging, and staging of sinonasal tumors. Finally, it briefly discusses the treatment modalities and follow up for sinonasal tumors.
This document discusses the approach for suspected parathyroid adenoma. It begins with a brief historical overview of discoveries related to the parathyroid glands and their relationship to calcium metabolism. It then covers the embryology, anatomy, characteristics and vascular supply of the parathyroid glands. The document discusses various localization techniques used preoperatively including ultrasound, scintigraphy, SPECT, CT and MRI. It also discusses invasive techniques. Surgical indications and various surgical techniques for parathyroidectomy are outlined including open, minimally invasive and endoscopic approaches. The role of intraoperative PTH monitoring is also summarized.
This document outlines the general approach and concepts for treating traumatic patients according to Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) guidelines. It describes treating the greatest threats to life first using the ABCDE approach to assess the airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure. The primary survey involves rapid assessment and interventions to stabilize the patient, while the secondary survey entails a full physical exam and diagnostic testing. Key interventions discussed include intubation, chest tube insertion, hemorrhage control, and use of the Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) exam to evaluate for internal bleeding. Definitive care may involve transfer to the operating room or intensive care unit based on specialty consultations.
Trauma management involves initial assessment and stabilization of airway, breathing, circulation, disability and exposure (ABCDE). The primary survey assesses life threats and guides resuscitation efforts. Key priorities include spinal immobilization, hemorrhage control, and treating tension pneumothorax. Secondary survey involves full head-to-toe examination and history to identify all injuries requiring attention or monitoring. Management requires a multidisciplinary team approach. Proper preparation and coordination of care is essential for optimal trauma outcomes.
This document discusses the diagnostic approaches used for carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) in the neck. The goals are to clarify the histology of nodal metastases and detect the primary tumor. Investigations include a thorough history and physical exam, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), imaging like CT, MRI and PET-CT scans of the head, neck, chest and abdomen, endoscopy, and molecular assays. If the primary is not detected, examination under general anesthesia with biopsies of suspicious sites is recommended. Together these diagnostic tests aim to identify the origin and stage of the cancer.
Otitis media with effusion, also known as serous otitis media or glue ear, is defined as the chronic accumulation of fluid in the middle ear caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction. It is a common reason for pediatric visits and the most frequent cause of hearing loss in children. Risk factors include young age, male gender, attendance at daycare, and winter season. Diagnosis involves tympanometry showing a flat tympanic membrane and treatment options include watchful waiting, antibiotics, myringotomy with tube insertion, or adenoidectomy. Complications can include permanent hearing loss if left untreated.
This document summarizes various complications that can arise from otitis media. It discusses both extracranial complications like mastoiditis, mastoid abscesses, and facial nerve palsy, as well as intracranial complications like labyrinthitis, meningitis, brain abscesses, and lateral sinus thrombophlebitis. It provides details on the pathology, clinical features, investigations, differential diagnosis, and management of each complication.
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
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The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Different refractive states of the eye. A: Emmetropia. Image plane from parallel rays of light falls on retina. B: Myopia. Image plane focuses anterior to retina. C: Hyperopia. Image plane focuses posterior to retina. D: Astigmatism, myopic type. Images in horizontal and vertical planes focus anterior to retina. E: Astigmatism, hyperopic type. Images in horizontal and vertical planes focus posterior to retina. F: Astigmatism, mixed type. Images in horizontal and vertical planes focus on either side of retina.
Congenital/Surgical – 6m-2years
Accommodative– onset 2-5 years old glasses
IV vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin
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Four types of tympanograms obtained with Welch-Allyn MicroTymp 2. A: Normal middle ear. B: Otitis media with effusion or acute otitis media. C: Negative middle ear pressure due to eustachian tube dysfunction. D: Patent tympanostomy tube or perforation in the tympanic membrane. Same as B except for a very large middle ear volume.
Observation recommended in guidelines in 2013
Duration of therapy should be for 7 days after symptoms have resolved (usually 10 days)