Over the last 15 years, neuroendoscopy has grown in a big way across India. There are several centers practicing neuroendoscopy for various cranial and spinal procedures. A group of like-minded neurosurgeons in India, interested in neuroendoscopy, came together informally to create a study group in 2005 to discuss and exchange their ideas and experience. This later paved the way for the official formation of Neuroendoscopy Study Group of India.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document discusses the history and developments in neuroendoscopy. It describes how Walter Dandy is considered the father of neuroendoscopy for using an endoscope to inspect the ventricles in 1922. Significant technological developments include the invention of fiber optic cables in the 1960s and charge-coupled device cameras in 1969, which improved image quality for endoscopy. The document outlines the use of neuroendoscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic applications like biopsy of tumors and relief of hydrocephalus through third ventriculostomy.
Recent Human Anatomy: Regional and Clinical in three volumes is based on the Anatomy syllabus for MBBS-I course in India, as per the recommendation of the Medical Council of India (MCI) and All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). It covers the entire range of prescribed topics in General Anatomy, Gross Anatomy, Embryology, Histology, Neuroanatomy, and Clinical Anatomy.
Features
• About 500 MCQs in each volume (with answers) to help prepare for objective tests, including NEET
• Over 500 clear, full-colour illustrations
• Comprehensive treatment of Clinical Anatomy, including clinical importance of Anatomy, clinical methods to examine a patient, and surgical procedures, to prepare students for further clinical studies
• Complete yet concise descriptions in Gross Anatomy with the use of tables
• Presentation of Histology of organs and their Histophysiology with illustrated diagrams
• Histology of tubular organs described from the inner to the outer side, for better comprehension
• An efficient approach to the study of Neuroanatomy, top downwards
Capsule endoscopy is a medical procedure where a patient swallows a small capsule containing a camera. The capsule travels through the gastrointestinal tract taking pictures, which are transmitted to a data recorder worn by the patient. This allows physicians to examine the small intestine for conditions like bleeding, polyps, or inflammatory bowel disease. The capsule is painless, provides high quality images, and avoids risks of other imaging techniques. However, it cannot be controlled and may get stuck if obstructions are present. The document provides details on the history, components, procedure, uses, and advantages/disadvantages of capsule endoscopy.
Neuroendoscopy can play a role in the management of ventricular and paraventricular tumors. It allows for biopsy of lesions as well as endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) to treat hydrocephalus. ETV is a less invasive alternative to shunt placement and can be performed at the same time as other supratentorial procedures or for hydrocephalus caused by posterior fossa tumors. Case studies demonstrate the use of neuroendoscopy for biopsy and drainage in patients with tumors such as pineocytoma, arachnoid cyst, glioblastoma, and germinoma. Neuroendoscopy is shown to be safe and effective, especially when image-guided, for selecting entry points and trajectories.
Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique used in gynecology. The two main types are laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Laparoscopy allows surgeons to examine the abdominal cavity and perform surgery using small incisions and long thin instruments inserted through the abdominal wall. It has advantages over open surgery like less pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recovery times. Complications can include bleeding, infection, and injury to nearby organs. Laparoscopy has a long history dating back to the early 19th century and has increasingly replaced open surgery for many gynecological conditions since the 1960s as techniques have advanced.
Endoscopy involves examining the interior of hollow organs using an endoscope. It has become an important tool for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in GI surgery. Key developments include the first endoscopes in the early 1800s, and the modern fiberoptic endoscope in the 1950s. Common endoscopic procedures today include upper and lower GI endoscopy, ERCP, EUS, and PEG/PEG-J placement. Endoscopy is used to diagnose and treat conditions like GI bleeding, varices, strictures, cancers, and stones. Procedures include biopsy, polypectomy, dilation, ablation, ligation, and stent/drain placement.
Endoscopy is a minimally invasive medical procedure that uses a flexible or rigid tube inserted into the body to evaluate the interior of an organ. An endoscope contains lenses, a light source, and either a camera chip or optical fibers to transmit images. It allows doctors to directly view the inside of the body and determine the cause of medical issues. Key components of an endoscope include light guides to illuminate the area, image guides to transmit pictures, and a biopsy channel to remove tissue samples.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document discusses the history and developments in neuroendoscopy. It describes how Walter Dandy is considered the father of neuroendoscopy for using an endoscope to inspect the ventricles in 1922. Significant technological developments include the invention of fiber optic cables in the 1960s and charge-coupled device cameras in 1969, which improved image quality for endoscopy. The document outlines the use of neuroendoscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic applications like biopsy of tumors and relief of hydrocephalus through third ventriculostomy.
Recent Human Anatomy: Regional and Clinical in three volumes is based on the Anatomy syllabus for MBBS-I course in India, as per the recommendation of the Medical Council of India (MCI) and All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). It covers the entire range of prescribed topics in General Anatomy, Gross Anatomy, Embryology, Histology, Neuroanatomy, and Clinical Anatomy.
Features
• About 500 MCQs in each volume (with answers) to help prepare for objective tests, including NEET
• Over 500 clear, full-colour illustrations
• Comprehensive treatment of Clinical Anatomy, including clinical importance of Anatomy, clinical methods to examine a patient, and surgical procedures, to prepare students for further clinical studies
• Complete yet concise descriptions in Gross Anatomy with the use of tables
• Presentation of Histology of organs and their Histophysiology with illustrated diagrams
• Histology of tubular organs described from the inner to the outer side, for better comprehension
• An efficient approach to the study of Neuroanatomy, top downwards
Capsule endoscopy is a medical procedure where a patient swallows a small capsule containing a camera. The capsule travels through the gastrointestinal tract taking pictures, which are transmitted to a data recorder worn by the patient. This allows physicians to examine the small intestine for conditions like bleeding, polyps, or inflammatory bowel disease. The capsule is painless, provides high quality images, and avoids risks of other imaging techniques. However, it cannot be controlled and may get stuck if obstructions are present. The document provides details on the history, components, procedure, uses, and advantages/disadvantages of capsule endoscopy.
Neuroendoscopy can play a role in the management of ventricular and paraventricular tumors. It allows for biopsy of lesions as well as endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) to treat hydrocephalus. ETV is a less invasive alternative to shunt placement and can be performed at the same time as other supratentorial procedures or for hydrocephalus caused by posterior fossa tumors. Case studies demonstrate the use of neuroendoscopy for biopsy and drainage in patients with tumors such as pineocytoma, arachnoid cyst, glioblastoma, and germinoma. Neuroendoscopy is shown to be safe and effective, especially when image-guided, for selecting entry points and trajectories.
Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique used in gynecology. The two main types are laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Laparoscopy allows surgeons to examine the abdominal cavity and perform surgery using small incisions and long thin instruments inserted through the abdominal wall. It has advantages over open surgery like less pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recovery times. Complications can include bleeding, infection, and injury to nearby organs. Laparoscopy has a long history dating back to the early 19th century and has increasingly replaced open surgery for many gynecological conditions since the 1960s as techniques have advanced.
Endoscopy involves examining the interior of hollow organs using an endoscope. It has become an important tool for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in GI surgery. Key developments include the first endoscopes in the early 1800s, and the modern fiberoptic endoscope in the 1950s. Common endoscopic procedures today include upper and lower GI endoscopy, ERCP, EUS, and PEG/PEG-J placement. Endoscopy is used to diagnose and treat conditions like GI bleeding, varices, strictures, cancers, and stones. Procedures include biopsy, polypectomy, dilation, ablation, ligation, and stent/drain placement.
Endoscopy is a minimally invasive medical procedure that uses a flexible or rigid tube inserted into the body to evaluate the interior of an organ. An endoscope contains lenses, a light source, and either a camera chip or optical fibers to transmit images. It allows doctors to directly view the inside of the body and determine the cause of medical issues. Key components of an endoscope include light guides to illuminate the area, image guides to transmit pictures, and a biopsy channel to remove tissue samples.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Congestive Heart failure is caused by low cardiac output and high sympathetic discharge. Diuretics reduce preload, ACE inhibitors lower afterload, beta blockers reduce sympathetic activity, and digitalis has inotropic effects. Newer medications target vasodilation and myosin activation to improve heart efficiency while lowering energy requirements. Combination therapy, following an assessment of cardiac function and volume status, is the most effective strategy to heart failure care.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
Nutritional deficiency Disorder are problems in india.
It is very important to learn about Indian child's nutritional parameters as well the Disease related to alteration in their Nutrition.
This presentation gives information on the pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes i.e. Eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid. They are involved in complex control over inflammation, immunity, and the central nervous system. Eicosanoids are synthesized through the enzymatic oxidation of fatty acids by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. They have short half-lives and act locally through autocrine and paracrine signaling.
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montreal
Gene therapy can be broadly defined as the transfer of genetic material to cure a disease or at least to improve the clinical status of a patient.
One of the basic concepts of gene therapy is to transform viruses into genetic shuttles, which will deliver the gene of interest into the target cells.
Safe methods have been devised to do this, using several viral and non-viral vectors.
In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
The biggest hurdle faced by medical research in gene therapy is the availability of effective gene-carrying vectors that meet all of the following criteria:
Protection of transgene or genetic cargo from degradative action of systemic and endonucleases,
Delivery of genetic material to the target site, i.e., either cell cytoplasm or nucleus,
Low potential of triggering unwanted immune responses or genotoxicity,
Economical and feasible availability for patients .
Viruses are naturally evolved vehicles that efficiently transfer their genes into host cells.
Choice of viral vector is dependent on gene transfer efficiency, capacity to carry foreign genes, toxicity, stability, immune responses towards viral antigens and potential viral recombination.
There are a wide variety of vectors used to deliver DNA or oligo nucleotides into mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo.
The most common vector system based on retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, adeno associated viruses.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Congestive Heart failure is caused by low cardiac output and high sympathetic discharge. Diuretics reduce preload, ACE inhibitors lower afterload, beta blockers reduce sympathetic activity, and digitalis has inotropic effects. Newer medications target vasodilation and myosin activation to improve heart efficiency while lowering energy requirements. Combination therapy, following an assessment of cardiac function and volume status, is the most effective strategy to heart failure care.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
Nutritional deficiency Disorder are problems in india.
It is very important to learn about Indian child's nutritional parameters as well the Disease related to alteration in their Nutrition.
This presentation gives information on the pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes i.e. Eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid. They are involved in complex control over inflammation, immunity, and the central nervous system. Eicosanoids are synthesized through the enzymatic oxidation of fatty acids by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. They have short half-lives and act locally through autocrine and paracrine signaling.
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montreal
Gene therapy can be broadly defined as the transfer of genetic material to cure a disease or at least to improve the clinical status of a patient.
One of the basic concepts of gene therapy is to transform viruses into genetic shuttles, which will deliver the gene of interest into the target cells.
Safe methods have been devised to do this, using several viral and non-viral vectors.
In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
The biggest hurdle faced by medical research in gene therapy is the availability of effective gene-carrying vectors that meet all of the following criteria:
Protection of transgene or genetic cargo from degradative action of systemic and endonucleases,
Delivery of genetic material to the target site, i.e., either cell cytoplasm or nucleus,
Low potential of triggering unwanted immune responses or genotoxicity,
Economical and feasible availability for patients .
Viruses are naturally evolved vehicles that efficiently transfer their genes into host cells.
Choice of viral vector is dependent on gene transfer efficiency, capacity to carry foreign genes, toxicity, stability, immune responses towards viral antigens and potential viral recombination.
There are a wide variety of vectors used to deliver DNA or oligo nucleotides into mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo.
The most common vector system based on retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, adeno associated viruses.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
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Clinical Neuroendoscopy by Venkataramanaa
1. 1
With wide experience of neurosurgeons across the globe
and encouraging results, the endoscopic treatment of hydro-
cephalus has made a mark of universal acceptance. From
what was considered as treatment option for hydrocepha-
lus due to aqueductal stenosis only, it has had ramifications
in all types of hydrocephalus. Most of the educated patients
ask for the option of endoscopic treatments. Even those who
have had insertion of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt pre-
viously often come to explore the possibility of removal of
shunt and substituted treatment with endoscope.
The additional advantage of endoscope has been a bet-
ter understanding of ventricular anatomy, the response of
ependyma to foreign body, and perhaps improved knowl-
edge of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics.
The VP shunt has done a remarkable service to the patient
of hydrocephalus for the last seven decades. However, popu-
larity of shunt has been severely dented by endoscope and
endoscopy may completely replace shunt over a decade time
at some of the centers. VP shunt may perhaps have a role left
over in the treatment of failed endoscopic third ventriculos-
tomy (ETV).
The current indications, success, and complications are
changing every 5 years. The present understanding has been
summarized here for the benefits of the students.
History
Bozzinni (1806) is credited for visualization of internal
organs using candle lights. Original efforts to see inside brain
was made by Lespinasse in 1910 using cystoscope.1
Dandy,
the father of neuroendoscopy, attempted endoscopic fulgu-
ration of choroid plexus with 80% mortality.2
Mixter (1923)
did first third ventriculocisternotomy.3
The major revolu-
tion in neuroendoscopy was the development of Hopkins
solid rod system in 1960. Since then several modifications
of endoscope are being introduced in the market. Another
advancement in endoscopy had been the development of
3 chip CCD camera (above 800 horizontal lines) and high-
resolution monitor for better image quality. Large screen
monitor results in image pixilation. For better image, the
resolution of monitor shall not exceed that of camera. Cur-
rently, the evolution of three-dimensional (3D) endoscope
may provide a superior orientation ability and optics. Xenon
light is superior to halogen for neuroendoscopy.
Types of Endoscopic Procedures Used
in Hydrocephalus
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy
The most commonly used procedure which is currently per-
formed for all types of hydrocephalus. The opening is made
in the floor of third ventricle and after opening of second
(Lilliquest) or third membrane communication is estab-
lished between third ventricle and prepontine/interpedun-
cular cisterns.
The site of burr hole and site of ETV is best calculated
on mid-sagittal T1 sequence of magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI). We select our burr hole in such a manner that it forms
a straight line with point of perforation of the third ventricle.
The burr hole site may have to be modified if ETV is to be
combined with aqueductoplasty. Virtual 3D MR reconstruc-
tion may be helpful for the beginners.4
Perforation of the floor is done with blunt tip of cautery
without pressing the paddle. Further enlargement of floor
is done with 3F Fogarty single balloon catheter. Sometime,
double balloon catheter or angioplasty catheter with cylin-
drical balloon can also be used.
It is mandatory to examine second or third membrane
which needs to be opened for the success of ETV. To and fro
movements of the margins of the ostomy are not necessary
indicator of adequate ETV. Sometime, second membrane can
be present as low as mid-basilar point.
The clinical success of ETV after a satisfactory anatomi-
cal communication is dependent on normal absorption of
CSF in the brain. There are no noninvasive tests available to
document the adequacy of normal CSF absorption; hence,
the success of ETV cannot be entirely predicted in all cases.
The clinical betterment following ETV is determined
by several factors, the age of the patient remains the most
important.5–13
In most of the published literature, the age of
more than 1 year has been found to be associated with better
outcome. This perhaps is related to well-developed absorp-
tion ability of the CSF by the brain.
Fulguration of choroid plexus: Choroid plexuses are
believed to be the only site of CSF formation and hence
are targeted in fulguration.14
There are reports of bulky
choroid plexus in acute phase of tubercular meningi-
tis as additional source of overproduction.15
Generally,
Daljit Singh
Hydrocephalus: Role of Endoscopic
Third Ventriculostomy1
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2. Clinical Neuroendoscopy2
niation with ETV. It is important to review the mid-sagittal
MRI in tumor cases so as to assess the prepontine cistern and
displaced basilar artery in such cases.
Enlarged cistern magna, Dandy–Walker cyst and fourth
ventricular outlet obstruction have shown to be benefited
with ETV.37–39
Certain Special Conditions for
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy
Surplus floor: In some cases, the floor of the third ventricle is
too steep with large third ventricle. In such cases, it may be
difficult to puncture the floor. Moreover, routine ETV in such
cases leads to overhanging margins on ostomy site which
can result in ostomy closure. Coagulation of lateral sides ETV
can prevent such complications.
Small space for ETV: Sometime, floor of ETV is very
small and it may not be possible to puncture the floor
directly. In such situations, it is advisable to open the
floor over the bony landmark of clivus/dorsum sella
and to expand the opening laterally.
Thick Floor of Third Ventricle
In patient with postinfection hydrocephalus (PIH) or with
shunt infection, the floor may be thick to perforate. It can be
opened with gentle pressure of the cautery without pressing
the paddle or with minimal current.
PIH: What was believed to be a relative contraindica-
tion, PIH is added indication for ETV in several series from
South Asia. The leading cause of PIH being tuberculosis has
had special attentions by several authors. The success of ETV
in such cases is dependent on the stage of tubercular men-
ingitis (TBM), clinical grade of TBM, age of the patient, and
adequacy of ETV.40–45
The pyogenic infections produce more
scarring 30 and loculations.46
The posttubercular hydrocephalus can be of both
obstructive and communicating types. Although ETV
releases obstruction at aqueduct of Sylvius or at outlet lev-
els, its role in communicating hydrocephalus is debated
even now. Proponent of ETV in TBM believe that it washes
away the exudates, allows the CSF flow in previously inac-
cessible area, and decreases transventricular pressure gra-
dient as mechanisms for improvements. Overall, success
rate in TBMH ranges from 70 to 82%. Some authors practice
repeated lumbar puncture in failures.
Hydrocephalus in Neural Tube Defects
and Chiari Malformation
The exact mode by which ETV work in this indication is still
unclear. ETV is more beneficial in association with aqueductal
stenosis. The overall success is 50 to 60% with some authors
it is done on one side; however, it can be done bilater-
ally in cases of absent septum pellucidum. Sometime,
ETV can be combined with fulguration for additional
benefits. Fulguration has been recommended in neo-
natal hydrocephalus and in Chiari malformations.
Monroplasty: The foramen of Monro is opened in
asymmetrical ventriculomegaly wherein one of the
lateral ventricles is larger than others. Such asym-
metry is seen in conditions such as shunt infections,
neurocysticercosis (NCC), and postmeningitis.
Aqueductoplasty: The procedure is done to open the
membrane present in the first part of aqueduct. The
short-segment stenosis yield better results than long-
segment obstruction. It requires extensive experience
of handling the flexible endoscope. Aqueductoplasty
can be supplemented with stent placement.16
The out-
come is dependent on the patency of fourth ventricle
outlets and absorption of CSF as in ETV.
MagendoLuschcoplasty/MagendostomyLuschcostomy:
After performing aqueductoplasty, the fourth
ventricle outlet can be opened with flexible scopes.
There are no published series of such procedure as
of now.
Septoplasty: Multisegment hydrocephalus can be
affectively treated with endoscope. The idea behind is
to combine the various or most of the loculated fluid-
filled area as one chamber following which they can
be drained by a shunt tube or ETV. The exact etiology
of multiloculated hydrocephalus is not clear. It may be
the result of infection, ventriculitis, ependymitis, or
poor embryological development.
Indications
The most consistent reports have been on the good outcome
of ETV in aqueductal stenosis with success rate ranging from
70 to 90%.17–19
It can be productive in both primary as well as
secondary aqueductal stenoses. Most authors have reported
inferior outcome in infants which could be related to poor
absorption ability of infants and younger kids.20–27
Good outcome has been shown with triventriculomegaly,
presence of periventricular ooze, and good size ostomy.28,29
Radiological recovery takes longer period than clini-
cal improovment.30–32
After ETV, some patients may remain
symptomatic for 10 days. This period referred as adaptation
period is a time for CSF dynamics to adjust via new open-
ing. Some centers recommend repeated lumbar drainage for
about a week time to cover adaptation period. We, however,
feel that lumbar puncture (LP) drainage may further alter the
CSF pressure and may actually be harmful for the flow of CSF
via new ETV site.
ETV in posterior fossa tumors and brain stem tumors have
yielded good results leading to prevention of shunt place-
ment.33–36
Unlike VP shunt, there is no risk of reverse her-
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3. 3Hydrocephalus: Role of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy
in selected cases and re-ETV shows similar results as pri-
mary ETV. Results of re-ETV are better than primary ETV in
children.
Rescue Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy
Goyal et al66
reported a situation wherein repeated shunt
failure of 13 times had no suitable site in abdomen to allow
a fresh insertion. ETV was the only remedy in such case with
good follow-up of 3 years. Such situations can be seen some-
time in busy neurosurgical centers.
Complications of Endoscopic Third
Ventriculostomy
Although a safe procedure, complication following ETV in a
large series was around 8 to 10%. The fatal complications are
usually rare but can happen with rupture of basilar artery or
its branches.67–72
Complications can be broadly classified as intraopera-
tive and postoperative. Intraoperative complications include
severe hemodynamic changes during perforation of floor
and irrigation of cavity. Although bradycardia is reported
by many, the tachycardia preceding bradycardia has been
observed by Ganjoo et al.73
The hemodynamic changes are
temporary but need to be observed diligently. In our center
putting an arterial line is obligatory so as to have continuous
monitoring of pulse and BP. In the event of any remarkable
deviation from the baseline, surgeon is immediately warned
by the anesthetist so as to modify or withhold the step being
performed.
Minor bleeding during the procedure can be controlled
by continuous irrigation and at time occluding the outflow
channel of irrigation fluid. This produces a tamponade effect
within ventricle and stops the bleeding. This step has to be
monitored for any hemodynamic changes.
Coagulation of bleeding sources can be obtained by cau-
terization. Major bleed, however, is difficult to manage and
may require placement of external drain and continuous
irrigation to avoid blockage of tubings.
Damage to fornix, thalamus, septal, and thalamostriate
vein can result during surgery and may cause moderate to
severe neurological deficits.
Postoperative complications are often the results of
improper selection of case. Patients with large ventricle
and age less than 1 year form subdural hygroma. There is
no way to prevent as it is due to sudden load of fluid in the
brain from one to another compartment. It may require
repeated tapping or placement of subdural drain. The CSF
leak from the incision site occurs in such cases. Such leak in
most cases can be managed with additional sutures. There
is risk of meningitis; hence, prophylactic antimeningitic is
recommended.
reporting a higher success (78%) when ETV is combined
with choroid plexus fulguration.47–51
It may be imperative to
suggest that in these cases, there may be over production of
CSF as well. Chiari malformations of both types, that is, types
1 and II, have shown improvement following ETV with later
have better results (94%).
Hydrocephalus due to Hemorrhage
With limited visibility in patient with hemorrhage of any
etiology, the ETV has not been very popular. The effect of
the bleed in technical hindrance in performing ETV can be
improved by thorough washing of ventricular cavity with
ringer lactate at body temperature.
The subependymal hemorrhage associated with prema-
ture baby gives tiger skin appearance in ventricular wall.
There are associated defective arachnoid villi in such cases
leading to poor absorption and failures.52–55
The success rate
is further compromised due to small age of the patients. In
subarachnoid hemorrhage due to aneurysm rupture, there
can be limited short-term advantages and may avoid place-
ment of external drain.
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy
in Shunt Dysfunction
One of the newly added indications of ETV has been shunt
failures. Although it provides an opportunity for freedom
from shunt, the factors for the success of ETV in such cases
is same as that in primary ETV in nonshunted cases.56–61
Although success rate has been reported from 63 to 80%, the
freedom from shunt has not been widely reported. It has
been suggested by some that shunt should not be blindly
removed after performing ETV. They showed neovasculari-
zation of tube from surrounding ependyma which can be a
source of potential life-threatening bleed while removing
shunt tube.
Ostomy Closure and Repeat Endoscopic
Third Ventriculostomy
Failure of ETV occurs in 8 to 60%. Early failures are due
to wrong selection or inadequate ETV. Late failures are
due to true restenosis. Re-ETV can be performed in the
same way as primary ETV. The success of re-ETV in early
and late failures is 50 and 78%, respectively.62–65
The pro-
cedure involves careful scrutiny of cases and cine MRI is
helpful to document adequacy of stoma. The stoma closure
involves a complex procedure wherein exudative response
is converted in fibrous reaction and intraoperative bleed-
ing, overhanging margins of ETV and presence of shunt
tube are predisposing factors for ostomy closure. Failure to
open second membrane, poor size ostomy, and infection
results in failure of ETV. The procedure can be repeated
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4. Clinical Neuroendoscopy4
tectal plate gliomas. Neurosurgery 2002;51(1):63–67, discussion
67–68
18. Singh D, Gupta V, Goyal A, et al. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy
in obstructed hydrocephalus. Neurol India 2003;51(1):39–42
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24. Dusick JR, McArthur DL, Bergsneider M. Success and complication
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26. Jenkinson MD, Hayhurst C, Al-Jumaily M, Kandasamy J, Clark S,
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27. Sacko O, Boetto S, Lauwers-Cances V, Dupuy M, Roux FE. Endo-
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J Neurosurg Pediatr 2010;5(1):68–74
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Hypothermia, fever, and other hypothalamic dysfunction
have also been reported following ETV. There can be foreign
body reaction to shunt which can lead to adhesion formation
and bleeding.74
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