Pawnesh Yadav is pursuing an MA in Geography from Banaras Hindu University. The document discusses hazards in the city of Varanasi, India such as riverine flooding from the Ganga and Varuna Rivers, urban flooding due to inadequate drainage infrastructure, and earthquakes. It identifies areas frequently affected by river flooding and describes strategies to control flood risk through education, regulated construction, embankments, and drainage improvements. Earthquake risk is addressed through construction standards, prohibiting unsafe structures, and preparedness education.

1. URBAN DISASTER RISK MITIGATION AND
CLIMATE RESILIENT DEVELOPMENT
 Name :Pawnesh Yadav
 Qualification : Gratuate and Currently Pursuing MA in Geography
 Name of Institution : Banaras Hindu University
 Contact Details : 9415538373
 Email: 8893pawnesh@gmail.com
 Add : Muraso BhagalpurDist : Deoria274602 UP

2. INTRODUCTION TO THE CITY VARANASI
# Varanasi is the city which located at 25.31176° N to 82.9739°E.
# Population of Varanasi is 12 lakhs according to the census 2011.
# This city is located in UP India.
# This city is known as oldest pilgrims city of Hindus
# This is economic Hub of Purvanchal region of UP. It also provide medical and
education facility to eastern UP and neighboring Bihar districts.
# In this city 4 University and many Degree colleges are situated. Varanasi is famous
for its different type of culture. And
It is also place of Jain and Buddhism religion.

3. HAZARDS
 Hazards is anything that harm people lives and property. Hazard can be
classified as1. Physical hazard2. Mechanical hazard3. Chemical hazard4.
Biological hazard5. Ergonomic hazard6. Psychological hazard Indicators fir
measuring hazards are.
 • Magnitude
 • Speed of onset
 • Duration
 • Frequency
 • Areal extent
 • Areal reliability

4. HAZARDS IN VARANASI
 The Varanasi city has aught under many hazards like
1. FLOOD –
a. RIVER BASIN FLOOD
b. URBAN FLOOD
2.EARTHQUAKE
a. RIVER BASIN FLOOD-in the Varanasi city this type of flood mainly occur in Ganga and Varuna river.
Affected Area
1. Seer Govardhanpur
2. Chhitupur
3. Nagwa
4. Samneghat
5. Assi to rajghat
6. Areas situated at bank of Varuna and Assi river

5. HAZARDS IN VARANASI
 The Area of Seer and Chhitupur the river basin flood is occurs
due to construction in the river coarse.
 In the area of some Ghat and Nagwa the same situation has
been occur that is settlement in the river.
 The area of Samne Ghat and Nagwa currently new settlement
in outer of city and it is constructed in the coarse of river.
 Assi to Rajghat :this area situated at the bank of Ganga river
but due to proper embankment along the river the flood is not
more effective in this area.
 Assi and Varuna: the settlement has been constructed along
the river coarse.

6. URBAN FLOOD
 Urban Flood has occure
 The settlement of city is not good and properly managed .Due to its
ancient pattern of drainage system urban flood has occur.
 In present time pressure of waste water on the city drainage system
is very high due to the high population of the city and very high
level of construction in the city is not in proper way.
 The drainage system of city not able to carry water in rainy season
and get chocked .
 The Assi river is flow between the city and its river coarse has been
captured by the illegal construction .Due to this the river water
overflow in the rainy season.

7. EARTHQUAKE
 Varanasi falls under the 3rd seismic zone .The settlement
of Varanasi city is very old and improper .Which is
unable to bear the shock of earthquake.
 The settlement of Varanasi city is very dense which led
the high loss in even the low magnitude earthquake .
 The earthquake of Nepal in the year 2015 had been also
experienced in many part of UP in which Varanasi has
major loss.
 The earthquake intensity and duration was so less .

8. CLIMATE CHANGE
 Climate change means change in weather condition of a particular area over a long
period of time.
Causes of climate change
 1. Anthropogenic
 2. Emission of green house gases
 3. Burning of fossils fuels
 4. Intense use of non renewable resources
 5. Over population
 6. Interference of human in natural ecosystem
 7. Increasing demand
 8. Less vegetation
 9. Highly concretization ( construction buildings, Road and dams which lack the
infiltration)
 10. Heavy transportation
 11. Pollution from vehicle

9. CONTROLING FACTOR OF HAZARS
IN VARANASI CITY
 1. In the Ganga river bank area( Seer and Chhitupur)we control the risk of
flood by the proper awareness in the people through education , seminar and
workshop.
 2. Regulatory construction in the rover coast. In the area of Samne Ghat and
Nagwa
 We can control the risk of flood by proper and strict rule of construction in the river
coarse.
 Embankment along the river should be constructed along the Samne Ghat and Nagwa.
 New construction should be prohibited in this area ASSI AND VARUNA RIVER
AREA
 In the both area we control the risk of flood with proper management of construction
in the river coarse and new construction should be banned in this area.

10. CONTINUE…
 In the Varanasi city we control and manage the risk of urban flood with the
construction of proper drainage system .
 Sewage cleaning should be done regularly before the rainy season.
 In Varanasi city reconstruction of drainage system should be done to avoid
overflow of rain in the rainy season. Improper construction within the city
should be banned.
 Earthquake to control and manage the risk of life in the Varanasi city can be
done only by spreading awareness among the people .
 It can also controlled by proper construction within the city and improper
construction should be prohibited .
 Earthquake resistant building should be constructed within the city .Old
constructions should be replaced to avoid the loss of lives and property