This h ppt for chemical engineering students bio subjects

1. Classification

2.  Monera- Prokaryotic cellular organisation
 Protista- unicellular eukaryotes
 Fungi- Multicellular eukaryotes which fed
heterotrophically by absorption
 Plantae- Multicellular eukaryotes which
are photoautotrophic
 Animalia- Multicellular eukaryotes which
feed heterotrophically by ingestion.

3. Classification of organisms on the
basis of nutrition
Nutrition is the physiological process of acquiring energy for metabolic
activity, growth and other life processes.
1.Autotrophs (auto- self, trophs- nutrition) - Those organisms that can
make their food themselves from simple substances like carbon dioxide
and water.
•Photoautotroph- These are the organisms that synthesize their food in
the presence of sunlight using carbon dioxide and water as substrate.
•Chemoautotroph-These are the organisms that obtain their energy by
oxidation of reduced compounds.
The substrate used by chemoautotroph can be-
Organic (Organotrophs)- Like glucose and amino acids. Eg.
Pseudomonas pseudoflora
Inorganic (Lithotrophs)- Gain energy from reduced inorganic
compounds such as ammonia as source of electrons. Eg. nitrosomonas.

4. 2. Heterotrophic mode of
nutrition
Organisms cannot synthesize their food by themselves rather
they depend on food prepared by Autotrophs (directly or
indirectly).
Heterotrophic mode of nutrition
Holoxoic Saprophytic Symbiotic
• Animal feed on plants or
other animals (whole or
their parts) for food.
• Have characteristic of
ingestion, digestion,
absorption, assimilation
and egestion.
• Organisms that obtain
their nutrition from
dead and decaying
organic matter.
• Decomposes
• Fungi, Bacteria,
Earthworm
Two or more
organisms of
different species
live together in
close association

5. Classification of organisms on
the basis of excretion
Excretion is the removal of metabolic wastes
from the body. It is associated with kidneys.
Egestion is the removal of undigested food
material from the body. It is associated with
alimentary canal.
1. Ammonotelic
2. Ureotelic
3. Uricotelic

6. Classification of microbes on the
basis of temperature-
• Psychrophiles
 Grows well at low temperature
 Have high levels of unsaturated fatty acids in cell
membrane and this remains semi-fluid during cold
temperature.
 Min temp- 0ºC
 Optimum temperature- 15ºC
 Max temperature- 20ºC
 The organisms that grows at 0ºC and opt temp is 20-
30ºC and max temp is 35ºC are known as
psychrotrophs and are mainly responsible for spoilage
of refrigerated food.
 Eg., Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, serratia, Alcaligens

7.  Mesophiles-
Medium temperature range
Min-15-20ºC
Optimum- 37ºC
Most pathogenic microbes are
mesophiles
Eg., E-coli, Staphyllococcus aureus

8.  Thermophiles
Grows at high temperature
Min- 40-42ºC
Opt- 65-70ºC
Max- 70ºC or above
Eg., Bacillus, clostridium,
streptococcus, thermophiles
Mostly found in hot springs and
volcanic area.

10. Classification of bacteria on the
basis of salt requirement-
 Halophiles (requires high salt
concentrations for their growth)
 Halotolerant (do not require salt for
growth but can survive in low
concentration of salt)
 Non-halophiles (unable to grow in the
presence of salt)