n History & Culture: Timeframe: Roughly 5th century BCE to 5th century CE Key Civilizations: Ancient Greece (especially Athens) and the Roman Republic/Empire. Major Themes: Democracy (especially in Athens) Rational philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) Classical architecture (columns: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian) Dramatic and poetic achievements (Sophocles, Homer, Virgil)

1. Classical period
By cosby ,frank,muchiri

2. The background
 The Classical period was an era of classical music
between roughly 1730 and 1820. The Classical
period falls between the Baroque and the
Romantic periods. ... Instrumental music was
considered important by Classical period composers.

3.  The Classical period falls between the Baroque and
the Romantic periods. Classical music has a lighter,
clearer texture than Baroque music and is less
complex. It is mainly homophonic, using a
clear melody line over a subordinate
chordal accompaniment, but counterpoint was by no
means forgotten, especially later in the period. It
also makes use of style gallant which emphasized
light elegance in place of the Baroque's dignified
seriousness and impressive grandeur. Variety and
contrast within a piece became more pronounced
than before and the orchestra increased in size,
range, and power.
More about the
background

4. Instruments used
 It was an interesting period for
instruments, where Baroque and
forerunners of modern instruments
were simultaneously in use. The
string family (violin, viola, cello,
bass) was much as you see it today,
but members of the lute family
were still in use as well,
particularly in church music. The
theorbo, a huge lute used to
amplify bass sounds, was widely
employed in that era.

5.  Harpsichords had been replaced
by the pianoforte, which was
invented around 1700. Here is a
picture of Mozart’s own
instrument:
Modern brass and winds, which require highly skilled
metal-working, had many prototypes leading to the
instruments we use today. The serpent, a forerunner
of modern baritones and tubas, was in use in that era.

6.  Serpents were followed by
ophicleides “(ophis = serpent, kleis
= key/covering, therefore "keyed
serpent”)”, patented in 1821,
which were followed by
euphoniums and tubas.
Winds bore a lot more resemblance to their recorder
forebears. Here is a Bb clarinet circa 1780:

7. Here is a piece of roughly how it
sounded

8. composers

9. Joseph Haydn
 Joseph Haydn was an Austrian
composer of the Classical period.
He was instrumental in the
development of chamber music
such as the piano trio. His
contributions to musical form have
earned him the epithets "Father of
the Symphony" and "Father of the
String Quartet".

10. Johann Nepomuk
 Johann Nepomuk Hummel was an
Austrian composer and virtuoso
pianist. His music reflects the
transition from the Classical to the
Romantic musical era.

11. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,
baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus
Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was
a prolific and influential composer
of the classical era. Born in
Salzburg, Mozart showed prodigious
ability from his earliest childhood

12. Styles used
Classical” Music (1750-1820) ... The
composers of the early Classical period
changed direction, writing music that was
much simpler in texture. Homophony–
music in which melody and
accompaniment are distinct–dominated
the Classical style, and new forms of
composition were developed to
accommodate the transformation.