Class9_History_Chapter2_RussianRevolution.pptx

1. Socialism in Europe and the
Russian Revolution
• Class 9 - History Chapter 2

2. Introduction
• After the French Revolution, political ideologies evolved.
• Socialists wanted an end to private property and a more
equal society.
• Russia became the first socialist state in the world.

3. The Age of Social Change
• • Liberalism: Wanted constitutional monarchy,
freedom of markets.
• • Radicals: Favored democracy but not a
monarchy.
• • Conservatives: Resisted change but accepted
reforms gradually.

4. Liberals
 Liberals wanted to bring change in society.
 Liberals wanted secularism.
 They opposed uncontrolled power of Dynastic Rulers.
 They believe government should be elected by the
people.
 The government should do that which is good for
people
 They did not believe in Universal adult franchise.
 Only Man can vote – Property

5. Radicals
 Radicals wanted a nation which
government was based on the majority
of a country’s population.
 They opposed the privilages of great
landowners and wealthy factory
onwers.

6. Conservatives
 They were the people who
supported monarchy and nobility.
 They contended that gradual
changes should be brought in the
society.

7. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY AND SOCIALCHANGE
Society was changing in the nineteenth century. socio-
economic change .
 new cities and towns came up .
 industrialized regions developed.
 railways are expanded.
 lndustrialization brought men ,
Women And children to the factories.

8. Socialism in Europe
• Socialists believed in collective ownership and equality.
• Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Robert Owen and Louis Blanc:
Advocated for a classless society.
• Workers unite – revolution was the only way to bring change.

9. 1970
• They make International body name Second
International.
• Formation of Associations and Parties
• Germany
• Britain
• French
Idea of Socialism Europe
Social Democratic Party
Labour Party
Socialist Party

10. The Russian Empire in 1914
• Huge empire under Tsar Nicholas II.
• Dominated by feudalism and inequality.
• Industrial workers and peasants were exploited.

11. The 1905 Revolution
• Bloody Sunday: Peaceful protesters were shot at.
• Workers formed Soviets (councils).
• Tsar agreed to a Duma (parliament) but retained power.

12. The February Revolution (1917)
• Food shortages and military failure caused anger.
• Workers and soldiers revolted.
• Tsar abdicated; Provisional Government was formed.

13. The October Revolution (1917)
• Led by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
• Slogan: Peace, Bread, and Land
• Provisional Government overthrown.

14. Changes After Revolution
• Land redistributed to peasants.
• Industries nationalized.
• Russia withdrew from WWI.

15. Civil War and USSR Formation
• Civil War (1918–21): Reds (Bolsheviks) vs Whites (anti-
Bolsheviks).
• USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) formed in 1922.

16. Impact of the Revolution
• Inspired socialist movements worldwide.
• USSR became world’s first communist state.
• Sparked global debate on capitalism vs socialism.

17. Conclusion
• Russian Revolution changed history and
inspired global change.
• Shift from monarchy to socialism.
• Lessons on equality, power, and the people's
voice.

18. Thank You
• Any questions?
ABHISHEK VISHNOI