Class3

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This document provides an overview of economics for journalists, covering topics like supply and demand, the business cycle, economic growth, recessions, and market cycles. It explains that supply and demand determine market prices, and that the business cycle involves periods of growth, peak, recession, and recovery. The circular flow model and factors influencing long-term economic growth are also summarized. Journalists are advised to provide perspective on economic issues rather than panic about normal cyclical changes.

Economics for Journalists
Week 3: Circles & Cycles: How economies work

Jeffrey Timmermans

Monday, 6 February, 12

Review: Supply
& Demand
✤ Demand is based on the
Price
value consumers attach to Supply
goods & services as well as
their income & substitute
goods Market
Price
✤ Supply is determined by
suppliers’ costs
Demand
✤ The market price is a Quantity

summary of the supply &
demand in the market

Monday, 6 February, 12

Review: Supply
& Demand
✤ Demand is based on the
Price
value consumers attach to Supply
goods & services as well as
their income & substitute New Price
goods

{
Market Add’l
Price Suppliers

✤ Supply is determined by New
Demand
suppliers’ costs
Demand
✤ The market price is a Quantity

summary of the supply &
demand in the market

Monday, 6 February, 12

What kind of product is this?
Price
Supply

Market
Price

Demand

Quantity

Monday, 6 February, 12

What kind of product is this?
Price
Supply

New Price

Market
Price

Demand

Q1 Quantity

Monday, 6 February, 12

What kind of product is this?
Price
Supply

Market
Price

Demand

Q1 Quantity

Monday, 6 February, 12

What kind of product is this?
Price
Supply

Market
Price
New Price

Demand

Q1 Quantity

Q2

Monday, 6 February, 12

Government Policy: Rent control
Price
Supply

Market
Price

Demand

Quantity

Monday, 6 February, 12

Government Policy: Rent control
Price
Supply

Market
Price

Mandated
Price
{ Supply
Gap
Demand

Quantity Quantity Quantity
Supplied Demanded

Monday, 6 February, 12

Types of economies

Command Free-market
Economy Economy

Total No gov’t
intervention intervention

U.S.
Hong Kong
N. Korea

Sweden

Monday, 6 February, 12

Circular Flow Model

Monday, 6 February, 12

Circular Flow with Savings

Monday, 6 February, 12

Circular Flow with Inventory

Monday, 6 February, 12

The Business Cycle
Real output

Peak Trend line

ry
Re
ce

ove
ss
io

Rec
n
Re
ry

ce
ove

ss
io
n
Rec

Re
ce
ss
io
n

Trough

Time

Monday, 6 February, 12

U.S. Economic Growth
(1940-2010)

Source: St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank

Monday, 6 February, 12

U.S. Business Cycle (1970-1980)

Source: St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank

Monday, 6 February, 12

Why do economies grow over
time?

Monday, 6 February, 12

Why do economies grow over
time?

✤ Population growth

✤ Investment

✤ Accumulated knowledge

✤ Improved productivity

✤ Better technology

Monday, 6 February, 12

What’s a recession?

Monday, 6 February, 12

What’s a recession?

✤ Two consecutive quarters of declining economic output

Monday, 6 February, 12

What’s a recession?

✤ Two consecutive quarters of declining economic output

✤ In the U.S., whatever the National Bureau of Economic Research
(NBER) says it is!

Monday, 6 February, 12

The Regulatory Cycle

Crisis in un- or under-
Recession regulated area Deregulation

Politicians respond to Politicians respond to
people’s anger companies

Regulation,
followed by quiet
period Lobbyists/companies Growth
seek deregulation

Monday, 6 February, 12

Market Cycles:
Dow Theory
✤ Charles Dow (1851-1902)
founded Dow Jones & The Wall
Street Journal

✤ Dow noticed that prices on
markets follow both long-term
and short-term trends

✤ Short-term trends are
reactionary and won’t
necessarily derail long-term
trend Source: Library of Congress

Monday, 6 February, 12

Dow Theory: key assumptions

✤ The theory assumes the price of an asset traded on a market reﬂects
all available information

✤ A market price is the sum of all fears and the sum of all hopes

✤ Because a market price reﬂects everything market participants
expect will happen, prices are forward looking

✤ Prices are news!

Monday, 6 February, 12

Remember...

✤ Journalists can provide perspective and context:

✤ A recession isn’t the end of the world

✤ A growth & recovery phase won’t go on forever

✤ This time isn’t different!

✤ Regulatory response isn’t always appropriate and is inﬂuenced by
political considerations

Monday, 6 February, 12

This investor presentation summarizes Kimco Realty Corporation, the largest public owner and operator of neighborhood and community shopping centers in North America. Key points include: 1) Kimco has a portfolio of over 930 shopping center properties across the US, Canada, Mexico, and South America totaling over 136 million square feet. 2) Kimco has maintained a stable dividend yield of around 3.9% and investment grade credit ratings. 3) Kimco's portfolio has remained resilient during the recession, with same-property NOI growth and occupancy rates consistently above industry benchmarks.

Demand, Supply and Elasticity Diagrams

Welling School Sixth Form

This document provides an overview of demand, supply, and elasticity diagrams. It includes diagrams demonstrating the demand curve, shifts in demand from increases or decreases, the supply curve, shifts in supply, and price equilibrium where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied. It also covers the different types of elasticities including price elasticity, cross elasticity, income elasticity, and inelastic, elastic, and unit elastic demand and supply curves. The document provides examples of each type of curve and how they shift with changes in the market. It concludes with a discussion of the Giffen good paradox and when income elasticity could be negative.

Retail Market Snapshot (3Q12)

jasonwtolliver

The retail market in Indianapolis saw a modest improvement in the third quarter of 2012, with net absorption of 187,936 square feet across all retail types. This reversed losses from the previous quarter and brought the year-to-date net absorption to 157,610 square feet. Vacancy rates declined to 7.4% as a result. Average asking rental rates fell to $11.66 per square foot, down 481 basis points from 2011. The forecast predicts continued modest sales growth, especially in value, discount, and luxury retailers. Retailers will focus capital on higher-quality locations, while development remains limited outside of mixed-use projects in dense areas.

AS Micro Government Intervention

Eton College

The document discusses various types of government intervention in markets, including taxes, subsidies, price controls, and regulation. It also examines how buffer stock schemes can help stabilize prices by buying excess supply when prices fall and releasing stock when prices rise. The effects of taxes and subsidies on producer and consumer surplus are analyzed using supply and demand diagrams. Subsidies are more likely to lower prices when demand is price elastic.

Elasticity student workbook

mattbentley34

This document discusses various elasticities used by economists including price elasticity of demand (PED), income elasticity of demand (YED), cross price elasticity of demand (XED), and price elasticity of supply (PES). It provides the definitions and formulas for calculating each elasticity. It also discusses factors that affect elasticities and provides examples of applying elasticity concepts.

Kimco Retail Investor Presentation

Company Spotlight

This presentation is from Kimco Realty Corporation, the largest owner and operator of neighborhood and community shopping centers in North America. Key points: - Kimco has 922 shopping center properties totaling 135 million leasable square feet across 44 US states, Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico, and South America. - Their geographic footprint provides stability through diversification, with international markets accounting for 20% of rents and top states including California, Florida, New York, and Texas. - Kimco maintains a highly occupied portfolio at 93.7% and focuses on anchoring centers with strong, creditworthy retailers, with only 14 tenants accounting for over 1% of total rent each.

Commo Daily Report 15th Oct

Sumeet Bagadia

The document provides a daily research report on commodity markets. It summarizes movements in commodity prices from the previous day. It then analyzes the fundamentals and technicals for crude oil and maize, maintaining a bullish view on crude and recommending short-term buying of maize followed by selling. Charts are included and near-term trading strategies and targets are suggested. Economic data from the US is also listed.

Analysis of purchasing_habits_of_shopping_mall__retail

Shailesh Rajhans

This document proposes a study on the buying patterns of customers at retail stores and shopping malls in Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad, India. The study aims to [1] analyze how promotion strategies and sales management impact buying budgets and patterns, [2] compare pricing policies between organized and unorganized retailers, and [3] understand the influence of retail on brand awareness and consumer living standards. A questionnaire survey of 1000 customers and retailers is planned to collect data on demographics, store preferences, spending habits, and perceptions of retail marketing. Hypotheses include that competition has lowered prices and increased discounts/gifts, and that malls attract more customers by enabling one-stop shopping and effective crowd management

This document provides an introduction to economic journalism. It defines economics as the study of how people deal with scarcity and make choices about allocating limited resources. Key economic concepts discussed include supply and demand, incentives, business cycles, and how governments measure and influence economic performance. The role of economic journalists is to provide context and perspective on these issues.

Class10

jtimmermans

This document provides an overview of mergers and acquisitions (M&A), initial public offerings (IPOs), and international trade. It discusses different types of M&A deals, global M&A activity from 2004-2012, the M&A process, questions to consider in M&A deals, and valuations. It also covers the IPO process, trade terminology, arguments for and against free trade, government trade policies, and the relationship between trade and currency values.

Class9

jtimmermans

This document provides an overview of foreign exchange and bond markets. It discusses the major global currencies and daily forex trading volumes. It also outlines factors that influence currency values such as interest rates, inflation, and trade imbalances. Additionally, it defines what bonds are, how bond markets work, and key factors like interest rates and credit ratings that affect bond prices. Yield curves and spreads are also explained as tools used in analyzing bond markets.

Class10

jtimmermans

The banking system channels savings from individuals to borrowers. As financial intermediaries, commercial banks take deposits and make loans. They must keep a portion of deposits as reserves set by the central bank. When the reserve ratio is lower, banks can lend out more, expanding the money supply through the money multiplier effect. Non-bank financial institutions also participate in shadow banking.

Class9

jtimmermans

This document provides an overview of financial markets for journalists. It discusses the key characteristics of markets, including that they bring together buyers and sellers, allow standardized trading of fungible products by any participant, and make trade information public. The document also summarizes the main types of financial markets like commodities, stocks, bonds and forex, and the participants, price formation processes, and factors that influence prices in these markets.

Class7

jtimmermans

The document provides an overview of analyzing corporate profit and loss statements. It discusses key components of a P&L statement such as revenue, expenses, profit, earnings per share, and how it shows the path from revenue to net profit. It also discusses interpreting P&L statements, including checking footnotes and understanding the treatment of items like depreciation, subsidiaries versus associates, and minority interests. An example P&L statement is then presented for Hutchison Whampoa Limited to demonstrate these concepts.

Class8

jtimmermans

The document provides an overview of international trade concepts including absolute advantage, comparative advantage, trade barriers, and trade policies. It discusses how free trade creates winners and losers between importing and exporting countries. Specifically, domestic consumers in importing countries and domestic producers in exporting countries tend to benefit from free trade, while the opposite is true for domestic consumers in exporting countries and domestic producers in importing countries. The document also outlines the effects of tariffs on prices and trade volumes.

Class6

jtimmermans

PCCW reported a 20% decline in first-half net profit due to lower revenue contribution from its property development unit. Net profit fell to HK$656 million from HK$822 million a year earlier, while revenue declined 2% to HK$11.37 billion, mainly due to smaller contribution from its property development subsidiary. Revenue from PCCW's core telecommunications services rose 11% and from its broadband TV business increased 45%, but it did not offset the decline in property revenue. An analyst said net profit was below expectations due to continued investment in the TV business.

Class7

jtimmermans

This document provides an overview of government economic policy tools used by central banks and finance ministries. It discusses fiscal policy tools like taxation and government spending and how they can be used to stimulate or contract the economy. It also explains monetary policy tools controlled by central banks, including interest rates, required reserve ratios, and open market operations to influence money supply and achieve goals of steady growth and low inflation. Specific policy examples from the US, UK, Japan, and Europe are also mentioned.

Class6

jtimmermans

The document discusses key economic goals of governments including full employment, steady annual growth, and stable prices. It then covers concepts of absolute and comparative advantage in determining what goods countries will produce. It provides an overview of common economic indicators used to measure economic performance such as GDP, CPI, unemployment, and money supply. It also discusses important considerations for analyzing and reporting on economic data.

Class5

jtimmermans

The document provides an overview of key concepts for covering stock markets and shares, including: - What a share represents in terms of ownership stake and entitlement to profits - Factors that influence share prices such as supply and demand, the economy, and company earnings - How share prices reflect market expectations about a company's future performance - Tools for analyzing stocks such as indexes, sectors, market capitalization, price-earnings ratios, and technical indicators - Sources of information like brokerage ratings and finding contextual factors behind price movements

Class5

jtimmermans

This document provides an overview of economics concepts for journalists. It discusses three main types of corporate financial disclosures - profit and loss statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements. When reporting on earnings, journalists should focus on net profit and revenue year-over-year changes. The document also summarizes an article about Hong Kong's Hutchison Whampoa reporting a 12% rise in profits and explains economic growth and business cycles.

Class4

jtimmermans

Class4

jtimmermans

Class3

jtimmermans

The document provides an overview of covering company news as a financial journalist. It discusses why companies exist, the differences between private and public companies, and how public corporations function. It also outlines various types of corporate stories to cover, including earnings announcements, new products/business lines, executive changes, initial public offerings, and secondary fundraising. Key details on how to report on these stories such as common questions to ask and elements to include in articles are also reviewed.

Tutorial1

jtimmermans

This document provides an introduction to economic indicators for journalism students. It defines economic indicators as data used to evaluate the health of an economy. It discusses established indicators like the Consumer Price Index and copper prices. It also categorizes indicators as lagging, coincident, or leading in relation to economic activity. The document advises that good indicators are original, measure important economic activity accurately and consistently, and correlate closely with broader economic measures. It gives some hypothetical alternative indicators as examples from past classes.

Class3

jtimmermans

This document provides an overview of corporations for journalism students. It discusses why companies exist, the difference between private and public companies, key industries, how public companies function, costs and profit, types of corporate stories to cover, and earnings announcements. The document is from a class on economics for journalists that focuses on reviewing supply and demand, examining the economic efficiency of gifts, and discussing corporations.

Class2

jtimmermans

The document contains three proposals for small business profiles to cover: 1. A Chinese company called Yage Era Corp. that deletes negative posts and links online for clients and how it navigates regulations in a growing market. 2. A cat cafe in Hong Kong called The Cat Cafe that lost its restaurant license but continues operating as a cooking school with resident cats. 3. A music therapy center in Hong Kong called Pang's Music Therapy Center that offers treatments to both special needs and normal clients, and the growing but limited market for music therapy in Hong Kong.

Class2

jtimmermans

This document provides an overview of week 2 topics from an economics course for journalists, including supply and demand. It discusses key concepts such as scarcity, opportunity costs, comparative advantage, and how supply and demand determine market prices. Government policies like rent control are also examined. An example writing assignment is given asking students to explain why a dog walker earns more than nurses based on economic concepts from class. Assessment criteria for the assignments focus on correctly applying relevant economic ideas and constructing a logical argument.

Class1

jtimmermans

This document provides an overview of a course on global financial journalism. It discusses key themes like how everything in today's global financial system is interrelated and how business journalism isn't just about numbers but also about people. It defines what constitutes business news and explains why business journalism is important. The document outlines learning outcomes, assignments students will complete, reading assignments, the assessment process, and the course schedule. The goal is for students to learn to write different types of business news stories and analyze financial documents and events.

Unlock Your Potential with NCVT MIS.pptx

cosmo-soil

The NCVT MIS Certificate, issued by the National Council for Vocational Training (NCVT), is a crucial credential for skill development in India. Recognized nationwide, it verifies vocational training across diverse trades, enhancing employment prospects, standardizing training quality, and promoting self-employment. This certification is integral to India's growing labor force, fostering skill development and economic growth.

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What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness

Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail

In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom. Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.

1：1制作加拿大麦吉尔大学毕业证硕士学历证书原版一模一样

qntjwn68

原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【加拿大麦吉尔大学毕业证硕士学历证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才

Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)

AntoniaOwensDetwiler

"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia." Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments. My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.

一比一原版美国新罕布什尔大学(unh)毕业证学历认证真实可查

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永久可查学历认证【微信：A575476】【美国新罕布什尔大学(unh)毕业证成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。【业务选择办理准则】一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才 → 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！

Enhancing Asset Quality: Strategies for Financial Institutions

shruti1menon2

Ensuring robust asset quality is not just a mere aspect but a critical cornerstone for the stability and success of financial institutions worldwide. It serves as the bedrock upon which profitability is built and investor confidence is sustained. Therefore, in this presentation, we delve into a comprehensive exploration of strategies that can aid financial institutions in achieving and maintaining superior asset quality.

Detailed power point presentation on compound interest and how it is calculated

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一比一原版(RMIT毕业证)皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证如何办理

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Upanishads summary with explanations of each upnishad

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1比1复刻(ksu毕业证书)美国堪萨斯州立大学毕业证本科文凭证书原版一模一样

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学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SMU毕业证书)南卫理公会大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 【主营项目】一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费) 三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度) 如果您处于以下几种情况： ◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】 ◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到； ◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备； ◇回国时间很长，忘记办理； ◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看； ◇企事业单位必须要求办理的 ◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口 ◇申请留学生创业基金留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才

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快速制作美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证文凭证书英文原版一模一样

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原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证文凭证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才

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一比一原版(RMIT毕业证)皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证如何办理

Upanishads summary with explanations of each upnishad

1比1复刻(ksu毕业证书)美国堪萨斯州立大学毕业证本科文凭证书原版一模一样

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1. Economics for Journalists Week 3: Circles & Cycles: How economies work Jeffrey Timmermans Monday, 6 February, 12

2. Review: Supply & Demand ✤ Demand is based on the Price value consumers attach to Supply goods & services as well as their income & substitute goods Market Price ✤ Supply is determined by suppliers’ costs Demand ✤ The market price is a Quantity summary of the supply & demand in the market Monday, 6 February, 12

3. Review: Supply & Demand ✤ Demand is based on the Price value consumers attach to Supply goods & services as well as their income & substitute New Price goods { Market Add’l Price Suppliers ✤ Supply is determined by New Demand suppliers’ costs Demand ✤ The market price is a Quantity summary of the supply & demand in the market Monday, 6 February, 12

4. What kind of product is this? Price Supply Market Price Demand Quantity Monday, 6 February, 12

5. What kind of product is this? Price Supply New Price Market Price Demand Q1 Quantity Monday, 6 February, 12

6. What kind of product is this? Price Supply Market Price Demand Q1 Quantity Monday, 6 February, 12

7. What kind of product is this? Price Supply Market Price New Price Demand Q1 Quantity Q2 Monday, 6 February, 12

8. Government Policy: Rent control Price Supply Market Price Demand Quantity Monday, 6 February, 12

9. Government Policy: Rent control Price Supply Market Price Mandated Price { Supply Gap Demand Quantity Quantity Quantity Supplied Demanded Monday, 6 February, 12

10. Types of economies Command Free-market Economy Economy Total No gov’t intervention intervention U.S. Hong Kong N. Korea Sweden Monday, 6 February, 12

11. Circular Flow Model Monday, 6 February, 12

12. Circular Flow with Savings Monday, 6 February, 12

13. Circular Flow with Inventory Monday, 6 February, 12

14. The Business Cycle Real output Peak Trend line ry Re ce ove ss io Rec n Re ry ce ove ss io n Rec Re ce ss io n Trough Time Monday, 6 February, 12

15. U.S. Economic Growth (1940-2010) Source: St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank Monday, 6 February, 12

16. U.S. Business Cycle (1970-1980) Source: St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank Monday, 6 February, 12

17. Why do economies grow over time? Monday, 6 February, 12

18. Why do economies grow over time? ✤ Population growth ✤ Investment ✤ Accumulated knowledge ✤ Improved productivity ✤ Better technology Monday, 6 February, 12

19. What’s a recession? Monday, 6 February, 12

20. What’s a recession? ✤ Two consecutive quarters of declining economic output Monday, 6 February, 12

21. What’s a recession? ✤ Two consecutive quarters of declining economic output ✤ In the U.S., whatever the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) says it is! Monday, 6 February, 12

22. The Regulatory Cycle Crisis in un- or under- Recession regulated area Deregulation Politicians respond to Politicians respond to people’s anger companies Regulation, followed by quiet period Lobbyists/companies Growth seek deregulation Monday, 6 February, 12

23. Market Cycles: Dow Theory ✤ Charles Dow (1851-1902) founded Dow Jones & The Wall Street Journal ✤ Dow noticed that prices on markets follow both long-term and short-term trends ✤ Short-term trends are reactionary and won’t necessarily derail long-term trend Source: Library of Congress Monday, 6 February, 12

24. Dow Theory: key assumptions ✤ The theory assumes the price of an asset traded on a market reﬂects all available information ✤ A market price is the sum of all fears and the sum of all hopes ✤ Because a market price reﬂects everything market participants expect will happen, prices are forward looking ✤ Prices are news! Monday, 6 February, 12

25. Remember... ✤ Journalists can provide perspective and context: ✤ A recession isn’t the end of the world ✤ A growth & recovery phase won’t go on forever ✤ This time isn’t different! ✤ Regulatory response isn’t always appropriate and is inﬂuenced by political considerations Monday, 6 February, 12

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