Clean Energy at #CK2017 | Smita Chandiwala, Energe-se

1. Energy Efficiency in Cities
Challenges and Opportunities
Smita Chandiwala
WRI Connect Karo
April 6, 2017

2.  Why are Cities important in driving energy efficiency?
 Challenges
 Possible levers for energy efficiency interventions
 Opportunities
 Engaging cities
In this presentation

3. Why Cities?
Source: LSE,Innovation in Europe’s Cities,
Bloomberg Mayor’s Challenge 2014.
Globally, 50% of population is urban
Responsible for 80% of GDP
Over 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions

4. Urbanisation in India
Number of million plus cities to go up to 111 from 53 currently
Source: Census of India (2011), HPEC (2011 )
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2031
UrbanPopulation(inmillion)
Year
Growth in urban economy and population
Urban Population (in million) Urban Share of GDP (in %)
UrbanShareofGDP(in%)

5. Emission reduction opportunities
Growth in cities will lead to massive requirements for energy
to power growth and expand basic infrastructure
Source: UNEP, 2013
27
52
67
50
85
139
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2010 2020 2030
MilliontonnesCO2
Year
Urban Emissions
Business as Usual
Transport Buildings

6. Urban- Rural divide
Electricity Consumption per household per month
Decile Class
of MPCE
Monthly per capita expenditure
(MPCE) in INR
*Electricity consumed per
household) in kWh
Rural Urban Rural Urban
1 505 707 35 53
2 664 979 40 66
3 774 1192 42 76
4 876 1401 43 85
5 977 1632 49 93
6 1100 1908 52 103
7 1249 2246 56 111
8 1452 2730 59 114
9 1786 3563 67 135
10 3409 7639 81 196
*Excludes households without access
Source: CSE (Census data for expenditure, Planning commission data for non-commercial consumption, 2011)

7. Energy Efficiency in Cities
Avoiding lock-in of inefficient
infrastructure as investments in
energy, water etc have long term
irreversible impacts.
Ensuring equity, such that
additional energy supply capacity
is not just meeting the increased
electricity demand in cities
Efficient Service Provision
Green Buildings
Public Transport
Smart Grids

8. Challenges
Cities have not been primary stakeholders in advancing EE
Climate/energy policies are largely top driven
Cities need to implement but provide no input for their
design
Inadequate articulation of city-wide targets and benefits
Limited data on the costs and co-benefits
No role in electricity governance
Lack of incentive for optimising energy use through
technological, market and behavioural interventions

9. Do cities have levers for action?
Crisis/Vulnerability
Fuel Poverty
Lack of access to energy
Adverse impact on city’s economy
Public health concerns
Long-term energy security
Lack of explicit mandate
or incentive
Does not imply they do
not have regulatory
powers
Cities have managed to
enact advanced,
stringent and even
overarching regulations
Source: Hammer, S. et al 2011: Climate Change and Cities: First Assessment Report
of the Urban Climate Change Research Network, Cambridge University Press, UK
Climate Change & Sustainable Development

10. Opportunity
 Targeted, specific and contextual solutions
 Faster action and feedback loops
 Citizen engagement and participation

11. Engaging Cities
Governance
 Bottom up solutions for energy policy implementation
Example: Building Energy Codes
 Addressing systemic issues such as finances, capacity
development etc.
 Facilitating inter-agency co-ordination and resource
planning

12. Engaging Cities
Data articulating City specific impact
Source: Rajan Rawal, CEPT University, Supported by Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation

13. Engaging Cities
City specific interventions
 Low carbon urban clusters or large developments
 Community based technologies
example: District Cooling
 Addressing urban pollution and urban heat islands
 Platforms for sharing city experiences

14. Engaging Cities
City specific interventions
 Low carbon urban clusters or large developments
 Community based technologies
example: District Cooling
 Addressing urban pollution and urban heat islands
 Platforms for sharing city experiences

15. Thank You
smita@energese.in | www.energese.in