This document provides an overview of the course materials and assignments for CJS 251 Entire Course. It includes summaries of weekly topics like the history and purpose of courts, courtroom participants, emerging issues in the criminal justice system, and types of sentences. Assignments involve papers, presentations, and quizzes on topics like the dual court system, roles of legal professionals, trial procedures, and alternatives to incarceration. The course appears to provide a comprehensive overview of the U.S. criminal justice system.

1. CJS 251 Entire Course
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CJS 251 Week 1 Court History and Purpose Paper
CJS 251 Week 1 Quiz
CJS 251 Week 2 Courtroom Participant Chart
CJS 251 Week 2 Quiz
CJS 251 Week 3 Courtroom TV Paper
CJS 251 Week 3 Quiz
CJS 251 Week 4 Emerging Issues and Challenges Presentation

2. CJS 251 Week 4 Quiz
CJS 251 Week 5 Restorative Justice Paper
CJS 251 Week 5 Quiz
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CJS 251 Week 1 Court History and Purpose Paper
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Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you examine and evaluate
the American criminal court system. Address the following in your
paper:
 Describe a court and its purpose.
 Define the dual court system.
 Describe the role that early legal codes, the common law, and
precedent played in the development of courts.
 Identify the role of courts in criminal justice today.
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

3. Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
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CJS 251 Week 1 Quiz
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Week 1 Quiz: Chapters 1, 3 and 4
1) The earliest known example of a formal written legal code was the
__________.
1. A) Declaration of Independence
2. B) Code of Hammurabi
3. C) Retributive Code of Romans
4. D) U.S. Constitution

4. 2) This type of remedy requires one party to perform certain acts or
refrain from certain actions.
1. A) monetary damages
2. B) judicial discretion
3. C) habeas corpus
4. D) injunctive relief
3) __________ due process is concerned with protecting people’s life,
liberty, and property rights.
1. A) Procedural
2. B) Preventative
3. C) Secondary
4. D) Substantive
4) The law that emerged from the first meeting of Congress was the
__________.
1. A) Articles of Confederation
2. B) Federal Judiciary Act of 1891
3. C) Federal Judiciary Act of 1789
4. D) Congressional Judiciary Act of 1788
5) Currently, just __________ of the federal district courts’ caseload is
criminal; the rest of the cases they decide are civil.

5. 1. A) 20%
2. B) 15%
3. C) 35%
4. D) 25%
6) The federal court system is comprised of __________ tiers of courts.
1. A) three
2. B) one
3. C) two
4. D) four
7) The total incoming trial caseload for lower state courts exceeds over
__________ in any given year.
1. A) 500,000,000
2. B) 100,000,000
3. C) 200,000,000
4. D) 50,000,000
8) Appeals from limited jurisdiction courts usually go before the general
jurisdiction courts as a new trial, known as a __________.
1. A) adjournment

6. 2. B) en banc trial
3. C) trial de novo
4. D) caseflow management
9) During the colonial period, most political authority rested with
__________ who were appointed by the king of England.
1. A) village leaders
2. B) public commissioners
3. C) high chancellors
4. D) governors
10) The term used to describe the sharing of judicial power between the
states and the federal government.
1. A) judicial federalism
2. B) judicial synergism
3. C) judicial leverage
4. D) judicial collaboration
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CJS 251 Week 2 Courtroom Participant Chart

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Complete the University of Phoenix Material: Courtroom Participant
Chart.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
In order to get full credit on this assignment, every box must contain at
least 100 words.
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CJS 251 Week 2 Quiz
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Week 2 Quiz: Chapters 7, 8, 9, 10 and 13

8. 1) Per __________, Section 2 of the Constitution, federal judges are
appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate.
1. A) Article I
2. B) Article IV
3. C) Article III
4. D) Article II
2) The __________ Amendment guarantees criminal defendants the
right to trial by an impartial judge.
1. A) Fourteenth
2. B) Fifth
3. C) Tenth
4. D) Eighth
3) The __________ is the chief local prosecutor at the county level.
1. A) District Attorney
2. B) U.S. Attorney General
3. C) General Prosecutor
4. D) Solicitor General

9. 4) __________ is an approach intended to improve cooperation and
collaboration between prosecutors and individuals outside the criminal
justice system.
1. A) Community prosecution
2. B) Social norm prosecution
3. C) Neighborhood prosecution
4. D) Community policing
5) Conviction rates for indigent defendants and those with their own
lawyers were about the same in Federal and State courts. About
__________% of Federal defendants and __________% of the
defendants in the most populous counties were found guilty regardless
of the type of their attorneys.
1. A) 80, 60
2. B) 90, 75
3. C) 50, 35
4. D) 100, 100
6) The first public defender program in the United States opened in
__________ in 1913.
1. A) Providence
2. B) New York City

10. 3. C) Boston
4. D) Los Angeles
7) In __________, the Court extended the right to counsel to
misdemeanor cases.
1. A) Gideon v. Wainwright
2. B) Powell v. Alabama
3. C) Betts v. Brady
4. D) Argersinger v. Hamlin
8) The __________ Amendment provides that no person “shall be
compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.”
1. A) Sixth
2. B) Fifth
3. C) Fourteenth
4. D) Twelfth
9) The right to a jury trial has always been recognized in the federal
courts, but this right was not extended to the states until 1968 in the case
of __________.
1. A) Patton v. United States
2. B) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
3. C) Ristaino v. Ross

11. 4. D) Duncan v. Louisiana
10) The appropriate size for a jury is anywhere between __________
and __________ members.
1. A) six, sixteen
2. B) four, sixteen
3. C) six , twelve
4. D) two, twelve
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CJS 251 Week 3 Courtroom TV Paper
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Research the Internet and find a celebrated criminal prosecution case to
analyze, such as a criminal case that received media attention. This case
must have proceeded to trial; it cannot have been plea bargained or
dismissed before the trial phase.

12. Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you address the following
questions:
 Summarize the criminal procedures that occurred in this case, from
arrest through appeal, if applicable.
 What was the crime the defendant was alleged to have committed?
What are the elements of that crime? Is there sufficient evidence to
believe the defendant guilty of this crime beyond a reasonable
doubt? Explain.
 Identify the legal defenses used in this case. Explain what the
defense entails and if it is viable.
 Based on the evidence, should, or did, the defense apply to either
exonerate the defendant or reduce his sentence?
Format your answers consistent with APA guidelines.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
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CJS 251 Week 3 Quiz
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13. Week 3 Quiz: Chapters 11, 12 and 13
1) A(n) __________ occurs after the police develop probable cause that
the suspect committed a crime and/or they obtain an arrest warrant
issued by a judicial magistrate.
1. A) bail setting
2. B) arrest
3. C) trial
4. D) conviction
2) The __________ is formally defined as the requirement that evidence
obtained in violation of the Constitution during an illegal arrest, search,
or other process, cannot be used in a criminal trial.
1. A) self-incrimination
2. B) exclusionary rule
3. C) 80/20
4. D) unreasonable search and seizure
3) A(n) __________ is a written accusation submitted to the court by a
prosecutor, alleging that a specified person(s) has committed a specified
offense.

14. 1. A) information
2. B) conviction bill
3. C) indictment
4. D) grant of immunity
4) The __________ Amendment states that “excessive bail shall not be
required.”
1. A) Fourth
2. B) Second
3. C) Fourteenth
4. D) Eighth
5) In 1975, the state of __________ banned the practice of plea
bargaining.
1. A) North Dakota
2. B) Oklahoma
3. C) New Hampshire
4. D) Alaska
6) The decision from __________ continues to hold great importance.
Today it serves to protect even the lowest-level offender from corrupt or
manipulative practices by over-zealous prosecutors.

15. 1. A) Brady v. United States
2. B) United States v. Goodwin
3. C) Edwards v. People
4. D) Santobello v. New York
7) Cases referencing plea agreements go all the way back to the
__________ century.
1. A) 19th
2. B) 14th
3. C) 18th
4. D) 12th
8) __________ occurs when a defendant agrees to plead guilty in
exchange for a less serious sentence.
1. A) Nolo contendre
2. B) Charge bargaining
3. C) Sentence bargaining
4. D) Plea acceptance
9) The __________ Amendment states, in part, that the “accused shall
enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the
state.”
1. A) Fifth

16. 2. B) Fourth
3. C) Second
4. D) Sixth
10) Voir dire typically begins with the __________ asking questions
concerning potential jurors’ familiarity with the case, attitudes toward
one or other party to the case, demographic information, and so on.
1. A) judge
2. B) defense attorney
3. C) jury consultant
4. D) prosecutor
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CJS 251 Week 4 Emerging Issues and Challenges
Presentation
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17. Choose one of the following topics:
 Juvenile court process and specialized courts
 Women and minorities in the court
 Causes of wrongful conviction
 Technology in the courtroom
Prepare an 8- to 12-slide presentation that explains the topic.
Include statistics, contemporary examples, and scholarly sources in your
presentation.
Arrange the information in a visually appealing manner by selecting an
appropriate background design and by balancing short, bulleted phrases
with complementary images.
Include all references in the notes section for each slide
Format your presentation consistent with APA guidelines.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
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CJS 251 Week 4 Quiz
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18. Week 4 Quiz: Chapters 5, 6, 15, and 16
1) A(n) __________ is when a decision is made whether a case should
enter the juvenile justice system or be terminated without further action.
1. A) judicial decision
2. B) judicial disposition
3. C) detention
4. D) intake
2) The term __________ refers to trying juveniles as adults.
1. A) concurrent jurisdiction
2. B) adjudication hearing
3. C) legislative exclusion
4. D) juvenile waiver
3) This allows juvenile court judges to commit a juvenile to a
correctional facility beyond the age of 18.
1. A) reverse waiver
2. B) extended jurisdiction
3. C) blended sentence
4. D) concurrent jurisdiction

19. 4) So-called __________ , or problem-solving courts, include drug
courts, domestic violence courts, and teen courts among others.
1. A) traditional courts
2. B) specialized courts
3. C) adjudication courts
4. D) special jurisdictional courts
5) Goldstein’s concept of __________ was influential due to its concern
with developing custom-tailored solutions to specific types of crime
problems.
1. A) custom-solution policing
2. B) problem-oriented policing
3. C) broken-windows policing
4. D) ends-justification policing
6) The decision in the case of __________ defined an articulable
standards for the conduct of warrantless stop-and-frisk searches.
1. A) Furman v. Georgia
2. B) Terry v. Ohio
3. C) Chicago v. Morales
4. D) Roberts v. Louisiana

20. 7) At the top of the wedding cake model, the smallest layer, are
__________.
1. A) misdemeanors
2. B) felonies
3. C) celebrated cases
4. D) serial murder cases
8) The __________ decision was far-reaching. It brought executions to a
halt and “emptied death rows across the country.”
1. A) Furman v. Georgia
2. B) Terry v. Ohio
3. C) Mapp v. Ohio
4. D) Gregg v. Georgia
9) __________ refers to any means of settling disputes outside the
courtroom.
1. A) Alternative dispute resolution
2. B) Deposition
3. C) Arbitration
4. D) Mediation

21. 10) The Federal Judicial Center has stated __________ technologies use
devices such as integrated lecterns and electronic whiteboards in the
courtroom.
1. A) level-two
2. B) level-four
3. C) level-three
4. D) level-one
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CJS 251 Week 5 Quiz
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Week 5 Quiz: Chapter 14

22. 1) Probation is one of the most frequent sentences handed down by
judges – there are now more than __________ million people on
probation.
1. A) eight
2. B) ten
3. C) four
4. D) one
2) __________ circumstances are those that reduce the seriousness or
outrageousness of a given crime.
1. A) Aggravated
2. B) Modifying
3. C) Auxillary
4. D) Mitigating
3) The __________ Amendment expressly states that the right to
counsel applies in criminal prosecutions.
1. A) Fourth
2. B) Eighth
3. C) Sixth
4. D) Second

23. 4) In __________, the Court held that a defendant’s appeal of a
preadjudication order denying him dismissal of his indictment on double
jeopardy grounds was permissible.
1. A) Kotteakos v. United States
2. B) Carroll v. United States
3. C) DiBella v. United States
4. D) Abney v. United States
5) Day fines were introduced by __________ in the 1920s.
1. A) Great Britain
2. B) the United States
3. C) West Germany
4. D) Sweden
6) __________ is the most common punishment used by the criminal
justice system today.
1. A) Boot camp
2. B) A fine
3. C) Overnight detention
4. D) Forfeiture

24. 7) In __________, the Court concluded that the test for constitutional
harmless error is requiring the prosecution to prove “beyond a
reasonable doubt” that the error complained of did not contribute to the
verdict obtained.
1. A) North Carolina v. Pierce
2. B) Chapman v. California
3. C) Ford v. Wainwright
4. D) Kotteakos v. United States
8) The seizure , resulting from a criminal court proceeding, of money,
negotiable instruments, securities, property, or other things of value that
was derived from or was used to facilitate a crime or criminal activity is
known as __________.
1. A) criminal forfeiture
2. B) search and seizure
3. C) civil forfeiture
4. D) intermediate sanction
9) __________ consists of a planned intervention intended to change
behavior.
1. A) Incapacitation
2. B) Retribution

25. 3. C) Rehabilitation
4. D) Deterrence
10) With a __________ sentence, the defendant serves time for two
crimes at the same time.
1. A) consecutive
2. B) concurrent
3. C) congruent
4. D) continuing
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CJS 251 Week 5 Restorative Justice Paper
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Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper to the community explaining the
restorative justice process. Include the following in your paper:
 Explain the process of restorative justice and why it is used in the
criminal justice system.

26.  Explain how the damage of a crime can go beyond the immediate
victim.
 Describe how the restorative justice process differs from
contemporary criminal justice processes.
 Reflect on how the restorative justice process can benefit the
offender, the victim and the community.
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
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