comparison of compulsory purchase and rapid growth state supported development in Japan and China and the responses of citizens. also the changes to their daily lives to to rapid urban change.
The document discusses China Compulsory Certificate (CCC) certification which is required for certain imported and domestic products sold in China. It provides information on which products require CCC, the relevant Chinese authorities, the CCC certification process, and services offered by China Certification Corporation to help manufacturers obtain CCC certification.
The document provides an introduction to CCC factory inspections in China. It discusses the basic information about CCC certification including the products that require certification and laws/regulations governing inspections. It emphasizes key aspects of inspections such as the testing and inspection process, factory classification system, certification modes, and how certificates can be suspended or canceled. The goal of CCC inspections is to evaluate factories' quality assurance capabilities and compliance with China's mandatory product standards.
The CCC (Chinese Compulsory Certification)Fabio Zacà
The CCC is a certificate that every producer has to obtain to trade its goods in China. I present a case study and the benefits and setbacks of this certification
1. INTRODUCTIONThe rapid of economic growth in China, is a fou.docxambersalomon88660
1. INTRODUCTION
The rapid of economic growth in China, is a foundation of urban expansion, associated with the rise in migrants in urban areas. According to data from Statistics Bureau in China, the urban proportion of the total populations reached 45.7% in 2008 compared to 17.9% in 1978, and is expected to reach 50% by 2020. The presence of a large number of rural labor force in the city, tend to look for adequate and affordable housing, which generate a peculiar outcome in most Chinese cities, urban villages. Urban villages, or Chengzhongcun in Chinese, they mean that the villages in the middle of the city, interact as urban expansion surrounded them (Chung, 2009).
According to land management law in China, the ownership of urban land is state, and the ownership of rural land is collective-owned the village. Besides, land belonging to the rural collectives can only used to solely agricultural and not allowed to sell in the land market. The earliest urban village emerged in China is due to the 1978 Economic Reforms. In order to fulfill the investment and development, the government tends to expropriated farmland in rural villages for urban use because of the limit of capital and time-consuming. Therefore, the settlement villages are been survived while their surrounding environment dramatically development, graduate leading to the formation of urban villages (Hao, et al, 2011).
On the other hand, rural migrants have been flooding into cities because of the demand of cheap labour force in urban areas and the states started to relax restrictions on rural-urban migration after Reforms, which generate great pressure on demand of housing. Generally, China's rental market can be segmented into three kinds: government provided credit houses; commercial residential building in the three level market; and renting houses in “villages” (Hang and Iseman, 2009). However, the social housing for low-income households provided by government are excluded them because of the “Hukou” system, which is the household registration system to different urban and rural population. During the city transformation in China, the government ignored the two weakest groups: villagers who do not have lands and workers from village. It is undeniable that urban villages provide a positive environment for slowing down the unemployment problems of the villagers and the housing problems of the latter (Hao, 2012).
Meanwhile, due to the weak government jurisdiction in urban villages, landlords find out this is a new way to substantially maximize income by providing low-rent accommodation to rural migrants. In the process of farmland requisition, the state does not provide the landlords any employment opportunities after they losing their basis of livelihood, which causes them to have no competitive power in the labour market in the city. The huge profits from house renting business enable them to gain considerable revenue and make a new livelihood. In addiction, some of urban vi.
Seoul internationalurbandevelopmentcollaboration 20140517simrc
Seoul has transformed from a poor city in the 1960s to a highly developed city through rapid but controlled urbanization and infrastructure development. The 1965 Seoul Metro Area Master Plan set out a vision for compact, transit-oriented development through high-density and spatial frameworks like the greenbelt. Land readjustment projects implemented this vision by building infrastructure together and benefitting landowners. Gangnam developed from an idea in the master plan through phases of planning and private development. Urban regeneration projects like Cheonggyecheon restored public spaces. Seoul's experience shows that urban planning, leadership, and integrated public-private solutions are crucial for sustainable growth.
Aiichiro Mogi, Conceiving New Urban Commons to Cope With Aging and Depopulati...LabGov
This document outlines a presentation on conceiving new urban commons to address issues arising from Japan's aging and depopulating society in the 21st century. It discusses prevailing phenomena like unoccupied houses and shops, and a case study of the Marugame-machi Urban Renewal Project in Takamatsu City, which separated the right to use spaces from ownership. The presentation examines revisiting Ebenezer Howard's "Garden City" model and having a discussion on conceiving urban commons.
One of presentations at Centre for Architecture and the Visual Arts, Liverpool University, with discussion by Saskia Sassen, John Belchem and Ou Ning, Chair by Felipe Hernandez.The conference Magical Mysterious Regeneration Tour:Art, Artists and the Future of the City was organized by Tate Liverpool, in collaboration with the Centre for Architecture and the Visual Arts (CAVA), the Department of Philosophy, University of Liverpool and Cecilia Andersson Werk Ltd.
The document discusses China Compulsory Certificate (CCC) certification which is required for certain imported and domestic products sold in China. It provides information on which products require CCC, the relevant Chinese authorities, the CCC certification process, and services offered by China Certification Corporation to help manufacturers obtain CCC certification.
The document provides an introduction to CCC factory inspections in China. It discusses the basic information about CCC certification including the products that require certification and laws/regulations governing inspections. It emphasizes key aspects of inspections such as the testing and inspection process, factory classification system, certification modes, and how certificates can be suspended or canceled. The goal of CCC inspections is to evaluate factories' quality assurance capabilities and compliance with China's mandatory product standards.
The CCC (Chinese Compulsory Certification)Fabio Zacà
The CCC is a certificate that every producer has to obtain to trade its goods in China. I present a case study and the benefits and setbacks of this certification
1. INTRODUCTIONThe rapid of economic growth in China, is a fou.docxambersalomon88660
1. INTRODUCTION
The rapid of economic growth in China, is a foundation of urban expansion, associated with the rise in migrants in urban areas. According to data from Statistics Bureau in China, the urban proportion of the total populations reached 45.7% in 2008 compared to 17.9% in 1978, and is expected to reach 50% by 2020. The presence of a large number of rural labor force in the city, tend to look for adequate and affordable housing, which generate a peculiar outcome in most Chinese cities, urban villages. Urban villages, or Chengzhongcun in Chinese, they mean that the villages in the middle of the city, interact as urban expansion surrounded them (Chung, 2009).
According to land management law in China, the ownership of urban land is state, and the ownership of rural land is collective-owned the village. Besides, land belonging to the rural collectives can only used to solely agricultural and not allowed to sell in the land market. The earliest urban village emerged in China is due to the 1978 Economic Reforms. In order to fulfill the investment and development, the government tends to expropriated farmland in rural villages for urban use because of the limit of capital and time-consuming. Therefore, the settlement villages are been survived while their surrounding environment dramatically development, graduate leading to the formation of urban villages (Hao, et al, 2011).
On the other hand, rural migrants have been flooding into cities because of the demand of cheap labour force in urban areas and the states started to relax restrictions on rural-urban migration after Reforms, which generate great pressure on demand of housing. Generally, China's rental market can be segmented into three kinds: government provided credit houses; commercial residential building in the three level market; and renting houses in “villages” (Hang and Iseman, 2009). However, the social housing for low-income households provided by government are excluded them because of the “Hukou” system, which is the household registration system to different urban and rural population. During the city transformation in China, the government ignored the two weakest groups: villagers who do not have lands and workers from village. It is undeniable that urban villages provide a positive environment for slowing down the unemployment problems of the villagers and the housing problems of the latter (Hao, 2012).
Meanwhile, due to the weak government jurisdiction in urban villages, landlords find out this is a new way to substantially maximize income by providing low-rent accommodation to rural migrants. In the process of farmland requisition, the state does not provide the landlords any employment opportunities after they losing their basis of livelihood, which causes them to have no competitive power in the labour market in the city. The huge profits from house renting business enable them to gain considerable revenue and make a new livelihood. In addiction, some of urban vi.
Seoul internationalurbandevelopmentcollaboration 20140517simrc
Seoul has transformed from a poor city in the 1960s to a highly developed city through rapid but controlled urbanization and infrastructure development. The 1965 Seoul Metro Area Master Plan set out a vision for compact, transit-oriented development through high-density and spatial frameworks like the greenbelt. Land readjustment projects implemented this vision by building infrastructure together and benefitting landowners. Gangnam developed from an idea in the master plan through phases of planning and private development. Urban regeneration projects like Cheonggyecheon restored public spaces. Seoul's experience shows that urban planning, leadership, and integrated public-private solutions are crucial for sustainable growth.
Aiichiro Mogi, Conceiving New Urban Commons to Cope With Aging and Depopulati...LabGov
This document outlines a presentation on conceiving new urban commons to address issues arising from Japan's aging and depopulating society in the 21st century. It discusses prevailing phenomena like unoccupied houses and shops, and a case study of the Marugame-machi Urban Renewal Project in Takamatsu City, which separated the right to use spaces from ownership. The presentation examines revisiting Ebenezer Howard's "Garden City" model and having a discussion on conceiving urban commons.
One of presentations at Centre for Architecture and the Visual Arts, Liverpool University, with discussion by Saskia Sassen, John Belchem and Ou Ning, Chair by Felipe Hernandez.The conference Magical Mysterious Regeneration Tour:Art, Artists and the Future of the City was organized by Tate Liverpool, in collaboration with the Centre for Architecture and the Visual Arts (CAVA), the Department of Philosophy, University of Liverpool and Cecilia Andersson Werk Ltd.
While China's urbanization level, rate of change, and trajectory differ in scale from other countries due to its large population, China's urbanization pattern is broadly consistent with economic development theories and historical precedents. China's urbanization level, though high, follows the trajectory of other countries at a similar economic development level. Some countries urbanized faster than China in the past, and China's urbanization rate is slowing as its economy matures. Therefore, China's urbanization is immense in scale but not fundamentally anomalous or unprecedented compared to other countries' experiences.
This document summarizes a study examining farmers' complaints regarding China's land coupon approach for transforming rural housing land to farmland in Chongqing. It provides background on China's rapid urbanization putting pressure on farmland, with both urban expansion and rural construction reducing arable land. China's policy of balancing the reduction of rural construction land with the increase of urban built-up area is described. The study analyzes farmers' complaints about the land coupon process in Chongqing to understand issues in farmland reclamation policy implementation from their perspective.
China has constructed numerous "ghost cities" - empty new developments built rapidly to accommodate future population growth and urbanization. Examples include Kangbashi New Area in Inner Mongolia, designed for 1 million but currently home to just 70,000, and Yujiapu in Tianjin, intended to rival Manhattan as a financial center but now largely abandoned. Additionally, the village of Huaming was held up as a successful urbanization project but villagers actually found shoddy construction and lack of jobs after being forced to relocate. While China seeks to transition to domestic consumer-led growth and open land for business, critics argue many of these cities lack productive purpose and cater to speculative upper-middle class investment rather than meeting people's
This document presents three scenarios for Japan's economic recovery following a major earthquake in Tokyo:
1) Japan loses its status as an economic leader as interest rates rise and foreign investment decreases. Tokyo's function declines as companies leave.
2) Foreign investment flows rapidly into reconstruction but construction costs rise, hurting small cities and exports. Tokyo's function declines as companies cannot reestablish.
3) Foreign capital and labor enable rapid reconstruction. While jobs are generated, cultural and economic issues emerge from globalization's social impacts.
1. China has become the second largest economy in the world based on GDP and is winning the race for innovation in clean energy technologies.
2. China invests heavily in renewable energy through state support of industries and subsidies. This has led to massive growth in its renewable energy sector outpacing other countries.
3. Key features of China's economic reforms that have contributed to its success include gradual reforms through experimentation, decentralization to local governments, openness to foreign investment, and the emergence of private enterprise alongside state-owned companies.
Livable places and economic growth: The experience in the United States - Chr...OECD CFE
Christopher B. Leinberger, Charles Bendit Distinguished Scholar and Research Professor and Chair, Center for Real Estate and Urban Analysis, George Washington University School of Business, US at the OECD Conference on SMEs and the Urban Fabric, 15-16 April 2019, OECD Trento Centre, Italy.
Full event info: https://oe.cd/SMEs-Cities
Discover Yeni Eyup Evleri 2, nestled among the rising values of Eyupsultan, offering the epitome of modern living in Istanbul.
With its spacious living areas, contemporary architecture, and meticulous details, Yeni Eyup Evleri 2 is poised to be the star of your happiest moments. Situated in the new favorite district of Eyupsultan, claim your spot and unlock the doors to a peaceful life alongside your loved ones. Nestled next to the historical and natural beauties of Eyupsultan, embrace the comfort of modern living and rediscover life.
Social Amenities:
Yeni Eyup 2 offers a life filled with joy with its green landscaping areas, gym, sauna, children’s play areas, café, outdoor pool, and basketball court. Reserve your place for unforgettable moments!
Reliable Structure:
With 1+1, 2+1, and 3+1 apartment options, Yeni Eyup Evleri 2 is designed with first-class materials and craftsmanship. The doors to a safe and comfortable life are here! Choose the option that suits you best and step into your dream home.
Project:
Yeni Eyup 2 is conveniently located, with Istanbul Airport just 26 minutes away, the Mecidiyeköy Metro Line 4 minutes away, and the Tram Stop 5 minutes away, making your life easier with its central location.
Location:
Your home is positioned in a privileged location, providing easy access to the city center, shopping malls, restaurants, schools, and other important places.
Yeni Eyup 2 offers 1+1, 2+1, and 3+1 apartment options designed to meet different needs. Find an option suitable for every lifestyle and open the doors to a comfortable life in your dream home.
https://listingturkey.com/property/yeni-eyup-evleri-2/
AVRUPA KONUTLARI ESENTEPE - ENGLISH - Listing TurkeyListing Turkey
Looking for a new home in Istanbul? Look no further than Avrupa Konutlari Esentepe! Our beautifully designed homes provide the perfect blend of luxury and comfort, making them the perfect choice for anyone looking for a high-quality home in the city.
With a wide range of apartment types available, from 1+1 to 4+1, we have something to suit every need and budget. Each apartment is designed with attention to detail and features spacious and bright living areas, making them the perfect place to relax and unwind after a long day.
One of the things that sets Avrupa Konutlari Esentepe apart from other developments is our focus on creating a community that is both comfortable and convenient. Our homes are surrounded by lush green spaces, perfect for enjoying a peaceful stroll or having a picnic with friends and family. Additionally, our complex includes a variety of social and recreational amenities, such as swimming pools, sports fields, and playgrounds, making it easy for residents to stay active and socialize with their neighbors.
https://listingturkey.com/property/avrupa-konutlari-esentepe/
BEST FARMLAND FOR SALE | FARM PLOTS NEAR BANGALORE | KANAKAPURA | CHICKKABALP...knox groups real estate
welcome to knox groups real estate company in Bangalore. best farm land for sale near Bangalore and madhugiri . Managed farmland near Kanakapura and Chickkabalapur get know more details about the projects .Knox groups is a leading real estate company dedicated to helping individuals and businesses navigate the dynamic real estate market. With our extensive knowledge, experience, and commitment to excellence, we deliver exceptional results for our clients. Discover the perfect foundation for your agricultural aspirations with KNOX Groups' prime farm lands. These aren't just plots; they're the fertile grounds where vibrant crops flourish, livestock thrives, and unique agricultural ventures come to life. At KNOX, we go beyond selling land we curate sustainable ecosystems, ensuring that your journey toward agricultural success is seamless and prosperous.
Serviced Apartment Ho Chi Minh For RentalGVRenting
GVRenting is the leading rental real estate company in Vietnam. We help you to find a serviced apartment for rent in Ho Chi Minh & Saigon. Discover our broad range of rental properties in Vietnam.
For more details https://gvrenting.com/
The SVN® organization shares a portion of their new weekly listings via their SVN Live® Weekly Property Broadcast. Visit https://svn.com/svn-live/ if you would like to attend our weekly call, which we open up to the brokerage community.
Recent Trends Fueling The Surge in Farmhouse Demand in IndiaFarmland Bazaar
Embarking on the journey to acquire a farmhouse for sale is just the beginning; the real investment lies in crafting an environment that contributes to our mental and physical well-being while satisfying the soul. At Farmlandbazaar.com, India’s leading online marketplace dedicated to farm land, farmhouses, and agricultural lands, we understand the importance of transforming a humble farmland into a warm and inviting sanctuary. Let's explore the fundamental aspects that can elevate your farmhouse into a tranquil haven.
While China's urbanization level, rate of change, and trajectory differ in scale from other countries due to its large population, China's urbanization pattern is broadly consistent with economic development theories and historical precedents. China's urbanization level, though high, follows the trajectory of other countries at a similar economic development level. Some countries urbanized faster than China in the past, and China's urbanization rate is slowing as its economy matures. Therefore, China's urbanization is immense in scale but not fundamentally anomalous or unprecedented compared to other countries' experiences.
This document summarizes a study examining farmers' complaints regarding China's land coupon approach for transforming rural housing land to farmland in Chongqing. It provides background on China's rapid urbanization putting pressure on farmland, with both urban expansion and rural construction reducing arable land. China's policy of balancing the reduction of rural construction land with the increase of urban built-up area is described. The study analyzes farmers' complaints about the land coupon process in Chongqing to understand issues in farmland reclamation policy implementation from their perspective.
China has constructed numerous "ghost cities" - empty new developments built rapidly to accommodate future population growth and urbanization. Examples include Kangbashi New Area in Inner Mongolia, designed for 1 million but currently home to just 70,000, and Yujiapu in Tianjin, intended to rival Manhattan as a financial center but now largely abandoned. Additionally, the village of Huaming was held up as a successful urbanization project but villagers actually found shoddy construction and lack of jobs after being forced to relocate. While China seeks to transition to domestic consumer-led growth and open land for business, critics argue many of these cities lack productive purpose and cater to speculative upper-middle class investment rather than meeting people's
This document presents three scenarios for Japan's economic recovery following a major earthquake in Tokyo:
1) Japan loses its status as an economic leader as interest rates rise and foreign investment decreases. Tokyo's function declines as companies leave.
2) Foreign investment flows rapidly into reconstruction but construction costs rise, hurting small cities and exports. Tokyo's function declines as companies cannot reestablish.
3) Foreign capital and labor enable rapid reconstruction. While jobs are generated, cultural and economic issues emerge from globalization's social impacts.
1. China has become the second largest economy in the world based on GDP and is winning the race for innovation in clean energy technologies.
2. China invests heavily in renewable energy through state support of industries and subsidies. This has led to massive growth in its renewable energy sector outpacing other countries.
3. Key features of China's economic reforms that have contributed to its success include gradual reforms through experimentation, decentralization to local governments, openness to foreign investment, and the emergence of private enterprise alongside state-owned companies.
Livable places and economic growth: The experience in the United States - Chr...OECD CFE
Christopher B. Leinberger, Charles Bendit Distinguished Scholar and Research Professor and Chair, Center for Real Estate and Urban Analysis, George Washington University School of Business, US at the OECD Conference on SMEs and the Urban Fabric, 15-16 April 2019, OECD Trento Centre, Italy.
Full event info: https://oe.cd/SMEs-Cities
Similar to Cities & social change in east asia compulsory purchase land rec. presentation (2) (6)
Discover Yeni Eyup Evleri 2, nestled among the rising values of Eyupsultan, offering the epitome of modern living in Istanbul.
With its spacious living areas, contemporary architecture, and meticulous details, Yeni Eyup Evleri 2 is poised to be the star of your happiest moments. Situated in the new favorite district of Eyupsultan, claim your spot and unlock the doors to a peaceful life alongside your loved ones. Nestled next to the historical and natural beauties of Eyupsultan, embrace the comfort of modern living and rediscover life.
Social Amenities:
Yeni Eyup 2 offers a life filled with joy with its green landscaping areas, gym, sauna, children’s play areas, café, outdoor pool, and basketball court. Reserve your place for unforgettable moments!
Reliable Structure:
With 1+1, 2+1, and 3+1 apartment options, Yeni Eyup Evleri 2 is designed with first-class materials and craftsmanship. The doors to a safe and comfortable life are here! Choose the option that suits you best and step into your dream home.
Project:
Yeni Eyup 2 is conveniently located, with Istanbul Airport just 26 minutes away, the Mecidiyeköy Metro Line 4 minutes away, and the Tram Stop 5 minutes away, making your life easier with its central location.
Location:
Your home is positioned in a privileged location, providing easy access to the city center, shopping malls, restaurants, schools, and other important places.
Yeni Eyup 2 offers 1+1, 2+1, and 3+1 apartment options designed to meet different needs. Find an option suitable for every lifestyle and open the doors to a comfortable life in your dream home.
https://listingturkey.com/property/yeni-eyup-evleri-2/
AVRUPA KONUTLARI ESENTEPE - ENGLISH - Listing TurkeyListing Turkey
Looking for a new home in Istanbul? Look no further than Avrupa Konutlari Esentepe! Our beautifully designed homes provide the perfect blend of luxury and comfort, making them the perfect choice for anyone looking for a high-quality home in the city.
With a wide range of apartment types available, from 1+1 to 4+1, we have something to suit every need and budget. Each apartment is designed with attention to detail and features spacious and bright living areas, making them the perfect place to relax and unwind after a long day.
One of the things that sets Avrupa Konutlari Esentepe apart from other developments is our focus on creating a community that is both comfortable and convenient. Our homes are surrounded by lush green spaces, perfect for enjoying a peaceful stroll or having a picnic with friends and family. Additionally, our complex includes a variety of social and recreational amenities, such as swimming pools, sports fields, and playgrounds, making it easy for residents to stay active and socialize with their neighbors.
https://listingturkey.com/property/avrupa-konutlari-esentepe/
BEST FARMLAND FOR SALE | FARM PLOTS NEAR BANGALORE | KANAKAPURA | CHICKKABALP...knox groups real estate
welcome to knox groups real estate company in Bangalore. best farm land for sale near Bangalore and madhugiri . Managed farmland near Kanakapura and Chickkabalapur get know more details about the projects .Knox groups is a leading real estate company dedicated to helping individuals and businesses navigate the dynamic real estate market. With our extensive knowledge, experience, and commitment to excellence, we deliver exceptional results for our clients. Discover the perfect foundation for your agricultural aspirations with KNOX Groups' prime farm lands. These aren't just plots; they're the fertile grounds where vibrant crops flourish, livestock thrives, and unique agricultural ventures come to life. At KNOX, we go beyond selling land we curate sustainable ecosystems, ensuring that your journey toward agricultural success is seamless and prosperous.
Serviced Apartment Ho Chi Minh For RentalGVRenting
GVRenting is the leading rental real estate company in Vietnam. We help you to find a serviced apartment for rent in Ho Chi Minh & Saigon. Discover our broad range of rental properties in Vietnam.
For more details https://gvrenting.com/
The SVN® organization shares a portion of their new weekly listings via their SVN Live® Weekly Property Broadcast. Visit https://svn.com/svn-live/ if you would like to attend our weekly call, which we open up to the brokerage community.
Recent Trends Fueling The Surge in Farmhouse Demand in IndiaFarmland Bazaar
Embarking on the journey to acquire a farmhouse for sale is just the beginning; the real investment lies in crafting an environment that contributes to our mental and physical well-being while satisfying the soul. At Farmlandbazaar.com, India’s leading online marketplace dedicated to farm land, farmhouses, and agricultural lands, we understand the importance of transforming a humble farmland into a warm and inviting sanctuary. Let's explore the fundamental aspects that can elevate your farmhouse into a tranquil haven.
7. Urbanization: Provinces and arears
China’s eastern regions account for the highest rates of urbanization. Some
provinces and municipalities, such as Guandong, Shanghai, Beijing have
urbanizaiton rates between 63 and 89 per cent
9. The Land Tenure System in China (Chan
2003)
● The Land Tenure System:
● Since 1966, basically all land has belonged to the
people, represented by the government.
● Private land ownership does not exit in China
● The State owns all urban land, while farmer collectives
own all rural land
● Land users may use the land and own the buildings and
improvements on it, but the sovereignty of the land
remains in the hands of the State or farmer
conllectives
● Compulsory land acquisition
10. Compensation Principals – Problems
(Chan 2003)
● Compensation:
1. Compensation for the Acquisition of Farmland: (Based on
productivity)
2. Compensation for the Acquisition of Urban Properties: (based
on assessment of real estate)
● Problems:
● Just Terms Compensation Principle not in Place
● Limited Consequential loss compensation
● Interest in land undefined
● Right to claim compensation not available
● Problems with market value assessment
● Non-uniform compensation standard and lack of transparent
11. Land Acquistion Compensation in
China - Problems
● http://news.house365.
com/gbk/whestate/system/2011/05/24/020035188.html
● http://news.cnwest.com/content/2007-03/22/content_465389.htm
12. Land Acquistion Compensation in
China - Problems
http://house.focus.cn/news/2007-03-22/293727.html
http://house.focus.cn/news/2007-03-22/293728.html
http://house.focus.cn/news/2007-03-22/293737.html
13. Another side of the Story: Land
Acquisiton and New Life
Souce: http://news.cnwest.com/content/2007-03/22/content_465389.htm
14. Case Studies – Shanghai:
● How do urbanization affects rural lives in
China
● What is the story about urbanization in the
rural/subaurban areas of Shanghai?
15. References
● Chan, N. (2003) Land acquisition
compensation in China - Problems & answers.
International Real Estate Review 6(1): 136-152
● Xu, Y., Tang, B-s. and Chan, E.H.W. (2011)
State-led land requisition and transformation
of rural villages in transitional China. Habitat
International 35: 57-65
16. A typical village area in Shanghai
What it changes to….?
Picture from: http://bbs.sf-express.com/forum/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=317083&page=1
18. SOCIAL CHANGE
■ Hukou: from agricultural to non-agricultural
■ The compensation: social security expense
chengbao
zhenbao
Picture from: http://gov.eastday.com/shmj2011/node558/node559/u1a17499.html
19. ECONOMIC CHANGE
■ Occupation: from farmer to no-agricultural job
■ Urban facilities: like supermarket, restaurant,
…..
Picture from: http://www.xplus.com/papers/nykjb/20111222/n32.shtml
http://www.qdcaijing.com/node/news_qd/2010-12-5/101258591810171413.html
20. CULTURAL CHANGE
● Retaining most of their rural traditions
Pictures from: http://yz.cnnb.com.cn/system/2010/10/18/010023323.shtml
http://dhnews.zjol.com.cn/dhnews/system/2010/03/22/011949290.shtml
22. References
● Xu, Y., Tang, B-s. and Chan, E.H.W. (2011) State-led land
requisition and transformation of rural villages in transitional
China. Habitat International 35: 57-65
23. Nick Kaufmann
Compulsory Purchase in Japan
Weak Compulsory Purchase / Eminent Domain Laws in Japan
"In the United States, governments faced with insurmountable coordination problems and transaction
costs might cut through them by exercising the power of eminent domain. Although Article 29 of the
Japanese Constitution authorizes the government to take private property in return for just
compensation, the ability of the government to exercise that power is severely limited compared to the
United States, both legally and normatively. It is limited legally because civil courts in Japan lack
the contempt power so they lack a means of enforcing their rulings. Therefore, unlike in the United
States, in Japan courts cannot send armed agents of the state to enforce an eviction order.
More importantly, normatively, there is deep opposition to the exercise of the eminent
domain power in Japan -- much deeper than in the U.S."
Source: Mark A. Edwards, "impediments to rebuilding in Japan" PropertyProf Blog http://lawprofessors.
typepad.com/property/2011/04/property-law-impediments-to-rebuilding-in-japan.html
24. Compulsory Purchase in Japan
"During the land acquisition, Mori Building (Roppongi Hills developer) had to offer unusually high
inducements to existing land owners and in some cases offered replacement dwellings in the Roppongi
Hills Residences, sacrificing the ability of the donated dwelling to generate any rental income at all."
"This is not to say that investing in Japan is all doom and gloom, in fact quite the opposite, at least in
Tokyo anyway. Net yields of between 6-7% are not unheard of and real estate investments are often
very fruitful ventures."
Comments:
"During the bubble many developers bypassed the law and used the yakuza to move people out. This
was common enough for the word jiage to come into common usage to describe such people. Was it
somewhere in the Roppongi are that one such person "accidentally" reversed a truck into an old persons
house? Admittedly, that was a rare cases, but threatening visits to old people by burly people wearing
sunglasses were not so uncommon." -gaijintraveller OCT. 20, 2010 - 09:09AM JST
SOURCE: "Eminent Domain laws in Japan notoriously weak" http://www.japantoday.
com/category/commentary/view/eminent-domain-laws-in-japan-notoriously-weak
26. Chris Marker, Sans Soleil, 1983
Opening postponed 7 years due to protests
(1971-1978)
"After years of protests by the public
against the construction of Tokyo Narita
Airport, it was ready to open on 26
March 1978 when a group armed with
Molotov cocktails drove into the airport
in a burning car, broke into the control
tower and destroyed much of its
equipment, causing approx. $500,000 in
damages and delaying the opening by
another two months".
http://criminalwisdom.
com/post/15038833193/protest-against-the-
construction-of-narita
Photo (1978) by Sadayuki Mikami.
27. Since 21 May 1978...
821,593,666 Passengers (790,329,987 on international flights)
23,132,319 t of Cargo (16,964,972 t exported) 146,406,815 kl of Fuel supplied
photo: http://unofficialnetworks.com/traveling-japan-hakuba-71893/narita/
stats source: Narita International Airport Corporation http://www.naa.
jp/en/traffic/pdf/statistics2012.pdf
28. References & Further Reading
Criminal Wisdom. "Protest against the construction of Narita Airport."2011. http://criminalwisdom.
com/post/15038833193/protest-against-the-construction-of-narita
Narita International Airport Corporation. 2012 Statistics. http://www.naa.jp/en/traffic/pdf/statistics2012.
pdf
German, Adam. "Eminent Domain laws in Japan notoriously weak" Japan Today. http://www.
japantoday.com/category/commentary/view/eminent-domain-laws-in-japan-notoriously-weak
Mark A. Edwards. "impediments to rebuilding in Japan" PropertyProf Blog http://lawprofessors.
typepad.com/property/2011/04/property-law-impediments-to-rebuilding-in-japan.html
Recommended:
Sorensen, Andre. "post war reconstruction and rapid economic growth" in "The Making of Urban
Japan" Nissan Institute / Routledge Japanese Studies Series. 2003
Ogawa, Shinsuke. "Summer in Narita" NIHON KAIHO SENSEN: SANRIZUKA NO NATSU
http://mubi.com/films/summer-in-narita
Journeyman pictures. "Narita Airport" Youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPcG3vp7DJM
29. Compulsory Purchase:
China vs. Japan
-Compulsory Purchase and Property Rights
state ownership vs. individual ownership, contempt-powers vs. no contempt powers
-Public Interest
How to define? Utilitarian? How many people are housed? How many people are given new transport
options? Which segments of society benefit, which are sacrificed?
-Justice
Even if the goal is in public interest, is it reached justly or unjustly? criteria: public participation,
egalitarian, etc.
-Changes
How do the forms of 'daily life' (Seikatsu, ?) change when change happens under compulsory
purchase. Abrupt vs. Gradual changes, change happening TO you not BY you.