Circulation and Respiration PPT for EMG program grade 9 material public teaching slide

2. Circulatory and Respiratory
Systems
AGENDA
Objectives Page Numbers
Oxygen Journey 5-7
Respiration
8-19
Circulation
Circulation Types
Reflection

3. | Oxygen Journey

4. How is oxygen used in the
body?
Oxygen Journey | introduction
Today, we’ll follow an oxygen
molecule on this journey.
Humans have respiratory and circulatory systems to
transport gases throughout the body.
An oxygen molecule is
made of two oxygen atoms.
O2 molecule
Oxygen is used in cellular
respiration.
‘Oxy’ ‘Gen’

5. Oxygen Journey | worksheet
Follow the oxygen molecule’s journey to complete the
worksheet.

6. | Respiration

7. Respiration | muscles
Diaphragm
contracts
The diaphragm and intercostal
muscles contract.
Why are we
being pulled
into the nose?
The volume of the lungs
increases, and the pressure of
the air makes it rush in to fill the
space!
Diaphragm
relaxes

8. Respiration | pharynx and larynx
The pharynx (throat) is lined with
specialised cells that produce mucus
or have cilia hairs.
The mucus traps
pathogens and the
cilia hairs sweep
them out of the
body.
Why?
Mucous-
producing cell
Cilia hairs
Ciliated cell
Mucus

9. How does the
larynx make
sound?
What’s the
epiglottis?
Respiration | pharynx and larynx
It vibrates.
The larynx (voicebox) controls air
flow to the lungs. It contains vocal
chords and the epiglottis.
The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that
opens and closes to stop solids and
liquids entering the windpipe.

10. Respiration | trachea
The trachea is a tube connecting the larynx to
the lungs. It is held open by rings of cartilage.
Is there anything to stop
pathogens here?
Yes. The trachea is also
lined with cilia and mucus.
Air travels to either the
left or right bronchus.

11. Respiration | bronchi/ bronchioles
The bronchi are tubes connecting the trachea to the lungs.
The bronchioles.
What is the name of
these smaller tubes
that branch off from
the bronchi?

12. Respiration | alveoli
At the end of the bronchioles are the alveoli.
These are small bunches
of sacs surrounded by
blood capillaries.
What happens here?
Gases dissolve into
and out of the blood.
Diffusion.

13. Why are we
moving?
Respiration | diffusion
Diffusion is a process of
particle movement.
Wait, what
is diffusion?
Particles move from high
to low concentrations until
they reach equilibrium.
The cells are thin and
semi-permeable.
How did we
travel through
the cells?

14. Respiration | worksheet
Recap the oxygen molecule’s
journey so far and finish
activity 1 of the worksheet.

15. Respiration | workshet answers
1. What is the function of the respiratory system? Circle the correct
answer.
To digest food and
absorb it into the
body.
To transport dissolved
gases to cells in the
body.
To exchange oxygen
and carbon dioxide in
the body.

16. Respiration | workshet answers
2. During inhalation, what do the
intercostal and diaphragm muscles do?
Circle the correct answer
Contract Relax
3. Why does your answer to question 2 result
in air being drawn into the lungs?
The contracting muscles increase the
volume of the lungs. Air is drawn into the
lungs because of its pressure.

17. Respiration | workshet answers
4. The oxygen molecule first stopped in the throat. What is the
scientific name for this organ?
The pharynx
5. Name two methods by which the throat
protects the body from airborne pathogens.
Contains mucus
to trap
pathogens
Contains cilia
hairs to sweep
out pathogens

18. Respiration | workshet answers
6. Why is it important that the epiglottis closes when a person is
eating?
To prevent chocking (solids or liquids
blocking the trachea).
7. What holds the trachea (windpipe) open?
Rings of cartilage

19. Respiration | workshet answers
8. How does the small, bunched, rounded shape of the alveoli make
them efficient for diffusion of gases into and out of the blood?
The small bunched, rounded shape maximises the surface area of
the alveoli, allowing for more efficient diffusion.

20. Respiration | workshet answers
9. Which of the following statements is true? Circle the correct
answer.
A. Oxygen diffuses from the blood vessel into the alveolus
in the lungs.
B. Gases do not dissolve into the blood during diffusion.
C. Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus into the blood vessel in the
lungs.

21. Respiration | workshet answers
10. Label the diagram of the respiratory system.
Nose/ mouth Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Intercostal
muscles
Diaphragm
Alveoli

22. | Circulation

23. Circulation System | blood
Red blood cells can hold oxygen molecules.
What role do red blood
cells play?
The circulatory system transports gases
and nutrients around the body.
Plasma Platelets
Red blood
cells
White blood cells
What’s this big tube that we’re
travelling through?
A blood vessel.

24. Circulation | blood vessels
from heart
artery
capillaries
vein
to heart
Artery
- Blood travels away from the heart
- Thick, elastic, muscular walls
Veins
- Blood travels into the heart
- Wide, has valves to stop backflow
of blood
Capillaries
- Blood travels to and from the heart
- One cell thick walls allow diffusion

25. Circulation | pressure
Artery
Blood pressure is high.
Blood is close to source of pressure.
Capillary
Blood pressure is low.
Blood is far from source of pressure.
Vein
Blood pressure is low.
Blood is far from source of pressure.
Valves prevent back flow of blood.

26. Blood is coming into the heart.
= A vein.
What does it do?
Circulation | the heart
Map
Left atrium
The heart is a muscular organ
divided into 4 chambers.
We just came from the
lungs. Where are we?
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Right atrium
Lungs
Body’s cells
Lungs
Body’s cells
Heart Metro
The left atrium.
Pumps blood.
So, which blood vessel
were we just in?

27. Circulation | pumping blood
The cells in the heart are specialised to
rhythmically contract and relax.
This pumps blood around the body.
organ system
circulatory
system

28. Circulation | circulatory system
Capillaires (body)
1. Oxygenated
blood enters the
heart via the
Pulmonary Veins.
2. It leaves the
heart via the
Aorta (artery).
3. Gas exchange
happens in the
capillaries in the body
and the cells perform
respiration.
Pulmonary
Veins
Aorta
Double Circulatory
System Capillaires (lungs)

29. Circulation | circulatory system
4. Deoxygenated
blood enters the
heart via the
Vena Cava
(veins).
5. It leaves the
heart via the
Pulmonary Arteries.
Capillaires (lungs)
6. Gas exchange
happens in the
capillaries in the lungs
(blood becomes
oxygenated).
Vena Cava
Pulmonary
Arteries
Capillaires (body)
Pulmonary
Veins
Aorta Wait a second, what
exactly is cellular
respiration?
Double Circulatory
System

30. Circulation | respiration
from
inhaled air
exhaled air
(waste)
from
food
stuff we
use
chemicals
carbon
dioxide
glucose oxygen water energy
H
H
O
O O
C
C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O

31. Circulation | gas exchange
red blood cell
capillary (one cell thick)
tissue fluid
cells in the body mitochondrion
oxygen glucose waste (like CO2 and H2O)
carbon
dioxide
glucose oxygen water energy

32. Circulation | circulation types
Single
circulation
Double
circulation
There are more than these 2 types.

33. C
H
H
O
O
O
C
H
H
O
C
H
H
O
O
O
Circulation | exhalation
We’re back at the
lungs. What now?
The waste products of
respiration (CO2 and
H2O) diffuse back into
the lung alveolus.
How do humans
keep the
concentration of
waste products low
in the alveoli?
Waste products are
exhaled so that the
concentration gradient
remains high.

34. Diaphragm
relaxes
Circulation | exhalation
The diaphragm and
intercostal muscles relax.
Diaphragm
contracts
Why does that
exhale us from
the lungs?
O
The volume of the lungs
decreases and pushes air out.

35. Circulation | worksheet
Recap the oxygen molecule’s
journey so far and finish
activity 2 of the worksheet.
O

36. Circulation | worksheet answers
Component of blood Function
Red blood cells
Blood plasma
Platelet
White blood cell
1. Complete the table.
Plasma Platelet
s
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Holds oxygen and other dissolved gases to transport them.
Liquid that all the cells float in.
Can clot blood.
Fights pathogens in the body.
C

37. Circulation | worksheet answers
2. The diagram below shows cross-sections of the three blood
vessels in the circulatory system. Name each blood vessel based
on its cross-section.
- One cell thick
- allows gas exchange
- Blood travels into the heart
- has valves to prevent back flow
- Blood travels away from the heart
- thick muscular walls
Capillary Artery Vein

38. Circulation | worksheet answers
3. Arteries experience greater pressure than veins. State how the
structure of an artery is appropriate to deal with this greater
pressure without bursting.
Arteries have thick muscle
and elastic layers to deal with
greater pressure without
bursting.
Artery Vein

39. Circulation | worksheet answers
4. Complete the sentences about the heart using words from the
word bank.
‘The heart is the main organ in the ___________ system. It is a muscular
_____ that transports blood around the body. The heart has four
chambers: two atria on top and two __________ on the bottom. The
muscle cells in these chambers ________ and relax rhythmically to move
the blood.
Blood on the left side of the heart is full of dissolved oxygen but blood
on the right side of the heart is ____________.‘
circulatory
pump
ventricles
contract
deoxygenated

40. Circulation | worksheet answers
5. Organise the following statements in order to describe the
journey that blood takes through the circulatory system.
D. Oxygenated
blood travels to
the body’s cells
via the aorta.
A. Blood is
oxygenated in
the lungs.
F. Oxygenated
blood travels to
the heart via the
pulmonary vein.
C. Deoxygenated
blood travels to the
lungs via the
pulmonary artery.
B. Deoxygenated
blood travels to the
heart via the vena
cava.
E. Gas exchange
happens at the
body’s cells. The
blood becomes
deoxygenated.
F. D. E. B. C.

41. Circulation | worksheet answers
6. Write the balanced chemical equation of respiration.
H
H
O
O O
C
C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O
+ + +
→ ATP
7. Which organelle in cells performs respiration?
Mitochondria

42. Circulation | worksheet answers
Capillaries of the
__________
Capillaries of the
__________
8. Label the
circulatory
system.
lungs
pulmonary
vein
left
atrium
left
ventricle
aorta
body
vena cava
right
atrium
right
ventricle
pulmonary
artery

43. 9. Humans have a double circulatory system. Are there any other
types of circulatory system? Circle the correct answer.
Yes No

44. LESSON REFLECTION
Let’s play pictionary!
§ One member of your group will be given a
word to draw on the board.
§ That member may not make noise or
gestures to hint at the word.
§ They also can’t write letters, numbers, or
symbols.
§ Your task is to guess the word, based on
their drawing, in less than 45 seconds.
The team with the most correct answers wins!

45. Next Week: human body problems
Please bring your biology textbooks