The document discusses the Russian invasion and occupation of Circassia from 1763-1864, which led to the ethnic cleansing and genocide of the Circassian people. It provides population estimates from various sources of the number of Circassians deported from their homeland by Tsarist Russian forces, ranging from 300,000 to over 1,000,000. Details are given of the forced migration of Circassians out of the port of Sochi in 1864, with thousands dying in the process. The document examines the Russian conquest of Circassia as the context for the mass deportations and exile of the Circassian population from their homeland.

1. Circassia Ethnic Cleansing & Genocide Walid Hakouz Part I Toronto - Canada 2011

4. Introduction 1763 - Russians invaded the city of Mozdok , in the eastern Circassia , which was the beginning of the Russian-Circassian War . 1774 - As a result to the Russian-Turkish War , the Kaynarca Kuchuk treaty, attached Kabarda , the eastern part of Circassia , under the Russian rule. 1787 - After the Russian-Turkish War , the northern Circassia was occupied, and Anapa city was attacked.

5. Circassia Resisting 1796 – After the Russian-Persian War, Astrakhan was invaded, and Derbant was occupied. 1801 – Russians invaded Georgia, and as a result of Turkmenchia treaty, Georgia was occupied in 1828 . 1829 - After the Russian-Turkish War, and as a result of Adrianople, Anapa city was concurred, and Circassian Black Sea coast, was blocked.

6. Russians forces marched from the occupied territories of Circassia “ Kabarda ” by the end of the Crimean War Ethnic cleansing and destruction started. Settling the Kozaks in the Circassian villages. 1856 – Circassian migrating started. 1862 – Circassian deportation started . Circassian Migration

7. Circassian Mass Migration

8. Published a report dated Feb. 7 th 1860, that, 20,000 Circcassian immigrants had disembarked in Istanbul. Pointed to a letter dated Aug. 14 th 1860, that, more thousands of Circassian refugees are expected. Reported, that, hundreds of them drowned in the Black Sea due to the storms. Headline of the Levant Herald in London – 1860. “Circassian Mass Migration”

9. According to Hermann Daniel , his estimate of the Circassian depurated to the Ottoman Empire during 1856 – 1878 is: 1,008,000. Among them : 595,000 they were re-settled in the European Ottoman area. “ 1,008,000 ” German Consul General Hermann Daniel

10. He estimated the number of Circassians depurated : During 1855 – 1865, the total : 300,000. During 1864 alone, the total : 700,000. During this time, 100,000 died, and drowned. “ 900,000 ” Italian Consul General A. Ubicini

11. He estimated the total number of deported Circassians from Circassia are one million, and, that 600,000 had arrived into Turkey, and that, 400,000 were settled in the European parts of Turkey. “ 1,000,000 ” Turkish Historian Salah Deen Bey

12. According to a French source, the Illustrated News , published a report in it’s winter issue – 1876 , that, the Ottoman Authorities finally admitted set telling 595,000 Circassians in Bulgaria , Albania , and Sirbia . Moreover, a total of 400,000 Circassians were settled in the Anadoul and other areas. “ 995,000 ” The Illustrated News

13. He estimates the total Circassians deported during: 1858 – 1863 : from all Black Sea ports 493,197 1863 – 1864 : from Anapa, and Sochi ports 332,068 " 825,265 " Turkish Historian A. P. Berzhe

14. Circassian Exodus

15. Circassians Deportees , Sochi Port - 1864 14,190 6,359 7,831 1,870 Grand Total 1501 799 706 382 795 417 96 100 Abadzakh Bzhadug 20/11 Ta’ef 2300 1013 1287 213 Abadzakh 20/11 Majeedieh 300 139 161 50 Abadzakh 15/11 Naft Baqri 344 169 165 24 Abadzakh 10/11 Shat Yaylo 380 177 203 51 Abadzakh 10/11 Asheel Ghilat 2500 1148 1352 319 Abadzakh 8/11 Sunjk Shadi 1640 410 633 180 1007 230 234 86 Abadzakh Shapsug 20/10 Majeedieh 2200 1003 1197 401 Abadzakh 20/10 Ta’ef 410 1416 181 639 229 777 73 223 Abadzakh Shapsug 14/10 Sunjk Shadi Total Female Male Famiy Clan Date Ship

16. Circassian Genocide & Ethnic Cleansing Committed by Tsarist Russia deported more than 1,000,000 Circassians