The document discusses the Russian invasion and occupation of Circassia from 1763-1864, which led to the ethnic cleansing and genocide of the Circassian people. It provides population estimates from various sources of the number of Circassians deported from their homeland by Tsarist Russian forces, ranging from 300,000 to over 1,000,000. Details are given of the forced migration of Circassians out of the port of Sochi in 1864, with thousands dying in the process. The document examines the Russian conquest of Circassia as the context for the mass deportations and exile of the Circassian population from their homeland.