This document discusses integrated coastal management (ICM) and marine pollution prevention programs in East Asian seas. It summarizes ICM programs from 1994-2004 that involved 11 countries and total funding of $24.2 million. The key aspects covered include implementing international conventions through multi-stakeholder participation, poverty alleviation, local governance, and ecosystem-based management. ICM employs an integrated approach across sectors and agencies to balance human and ecosystem needs through collaborative planning and management.

1. The East Asian
Seas
Marine Pollution Prevention
and Management in the
East Asian Seas (MPP-EAS)
1994-1999
11 countries
US$ 8 million
Building Partnerships in
Environmental Management
for the Seas of East Asia
(PEMSEA)
1999-2004
11 countries
US$ 16.2 million

2. Local Implementation of
Environment-related
International Conventions
Framework for
Multi-stakeholder
Participation
Poverty
Alleviation
Local Governance
Ecosystem Management
Integrated
Coastal
Management
Framework for
Environmental
Investment

3. Ecosystem Approach: Integrated Coastal
and Marine Management
Ecosystem and human defined boundaries.
Integrated planning, management and coordinating
framework allow cross-sectoral, interagency concerns
to be addressed.
ICM development and implementing cycle provides a
gradual process in managing human use of the goods
and services generated by the ecosystems, thus allowing
continuous efforts for policy, technological and other
management interventions.

4. Ecosystem Approach: Integrated Coastal and
Marine Management
• Clearly defined stakeholders whose interests intersect
ecosystem at different points.
• Common vision, strategies, action plans provide a
long-term, systematic, and ecosystem approach to
resource management, thereby ensuring production
of goods and services at sustainable level.

5. ICMConceptual Boundary
The ICM conceptual boundary encompassing the watershed and the extent of Exclusive Economic
Zone (EEZ) is also the seaward boundary of most large marine ecosystems (LMEs). Also shown
are operational boundaries or the general area of existing management boundaries of most
countries which extend from an administrative boundary or high tide line to territorial seas.

6. ICM Program Development and Implementation Cycle

7. Measuring the Effectiveness and Viability of ICM
Performance indicators
process
stress reducing
sustainability
environmental status
Levels of attainment
problem identification and program formulation
program implementation
program sustainability
program’s impacts

8. ICM Working Models

9. Brunei
Darussalam
Cambodia
China
DPR Korea
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
RO Korea
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Japan *
*Subject to further
confirmation
ICM Demonstration and
Parallel Sites and
Pollution Hot Spots
Bohai Sea
Manila
Bay
Gulf of
Thailand
Malacca
Straits

10. Ecosystem Management of Subregional Seas
Systematic, programmatic approach.
Simultaneously considers resources, human activities,
ecosystem processes and their interactions.
Risk assessment and risk management approach promote
effective stakeholders participation and the use of policy
and science in management decision making.
Close coordination and mutually supportive ICM approach
such as local implementation of international conventions.

11. Risk Assessment and Management in Subregional
Sea Areas/Pollution Hot Spots
Bohai Sea
Manila Bay
Gulf of
Thailand
Malacca
Straits
Institutional
Arrangements
Response Compensation/
Restoration
Risk
Assessment
Environmental
Monitoring
Capacity
Building
Environmental Management
Framework

12. Impediments to Designing and Implementing
Regional Projects
Determination and prioritization of transboundary
environmental issues.
Varying levels of national capability.
Political sensitivity in relation to national boundary disputes.
Varying economic, cultural, technological and political
backgrounds.
Proficiency in common language used.

13. Solutions to Impediments of Regional Project
Design and Implementation
Consensus building amongst national experts and key
stakeholders.
Creating opportunity for south-south cooperation.
Avoid political, cultural sensitive issues.
Allow national project staff to use own language in report
writing but ensuring their understanding and target of
project activities.
Provide special capacity building program to narrow the gap
of disparity between countries.
Pre-project training on project development and implementation.